面試碰到幾回list的去重和排序。下面介紹一種作法:html
List<Student>容量10k以上,要求去重複。這裏Student的重複標準是屬性相同,所以須要重寫equals和hashcode方法,不知道有幾個能夠手寫出來。java
student的equals方法:面試
public void equals(Object o){ if(this == o) retun true; if(!(o instanceof Student)) return false; Student stu = (Studend)o; if(id!=stu.id) return false; if(age!=stu.age) return false; return name!=null ? name.equals(stu.name) : stu.name ==null; }
這裏只要記住宗旨是比較Student的屬性便可,若是屬性相同則相等。先考慮地址相等,而後類型匹配instanceof。接下來是各類屬性,int屬性直接雙等號比較,String類型須要判斷是否爲null,若是是null則都是null返回true,若是不是null則比較equals。算法
student的hashcode方法:數組
public int hashCode(){ int result = id; reuslt = 31*id +(name!=null?name.hashCode():0); reuslt = 31*age; return reuslt; }
hashCode是爲了hash表計算作輔助,方便快速查找。所以hash算法的結果要儘可能的散列。這裏用到31,這個31在別的博客中看到的緣由是這樣的:obj*31==obj<<5-obj.左移5位至關乘以2的5次方,就是32.null的hashCode爲空。dom
經過equals和hashCode的實現能夠發現,若是equals爲true,則全部屬性相同,而屬性相同則計算出的hashCode必然相同。然而hashCode相同,屬性未必同樣,即equals不必定爲真。ide
關於hashCode的價值體現並不在這裏,而在於HashMap的實現。HashMap內部是經過鏈表數組的hash結構來實現的,這裏就要用到hashcode。this
下面是完整的Student代碼:spa
package com.test.arithmetic.listequals; /** * 這裏id,name,age相同則Student相同, * 如有其餘相同 * Created by Administrator on 2016/3/29. */ public class Student { int id; String name; int age; public Student(int id, String name, int age) { this.id = id; this.name = name; this.age = age; } @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) return true; if (!(o instanceof Student)) return false; Student student = (Student) o; if (id != student.id) return false; if (age != student.age) return false; return name != null ? name.equals(student.name) : student.name == null; } @Override public int hashCode() { int result = id; result = 31 * result + (name != null ? name.hashCode() : 0); result = 31 * result + age; return result; } }
若是你以爲本身能夠hold住一個完善的hash算法就能夠本身去實現它。這裏採用jdk自帶的HashSet來完成重複獲取。3d
先放代碼:
package com.test.arithmetic.listequals; import org.junit.Assert; import java.util.*; /** * 取出list中重複的Student對象 * Created by Administrator on 2016/3/29. */ public class ObtainListEquals { public static void main(String[] args){ //原始數據 List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>(); //重複數據 List<Student> list2 = new ArrayList<>(); //填充 for (int i = 0; i < 10 ; i++) { list.add(new Student(i,"_"+i,18+i)); Random random = new Random(); if (random.nextBoolean()){ list.add(new Student(i,"_"+i,18+i)); } } //使用hashset去重複,set爲重複的集合,能夠經過new ArrayList(set)轉換成list HashSet<Student> set = new HashSet<>(); for (Student student : list) { boolean add = set.add(student); if (!add){ list2.add(student); } } //比較 Assert.assertEquals(list.size(),list2.size()+set.size()); } }
去重的原理和簡單,不管你僅僅是想把重複的丟掉,或者將重複的取出來。這裏去掉的是第二次遇到的對象,取出的也是第二次遇到的對象。HashSet中的add方法會返回一個Boolean值,若是插入的值已經存在,則直接返回false。關於hashset的源碼放到之後研究。大概的說,是經過HashMap的key來實現的,而HashMap在1.8中改動很大,聽說是用紅黑樹實現的,提升了get的時間複雜度。參考:1.8HashMap
一樣list中存放的是Student對象,我須要一個規則來排序。這個排序的規則這裏定義爲id的比較大小。參考:java中list排序
Comparable接口提供一個比較的compareTo(Object o)方法,經過返回值>0,=0,<0比較大小。這裏因爲僅僅把id當作比較大小的方法,直接用id作減法,若是是要比較對象,建議套用this.property.compareTo(o.property).
package com.test.arithmetic.listequals; /** * 這裏id,name,age相同則Student相同, * 如有其餘相同 * Created by Administrator on 2016/3/29. */ public class Student implements Comparable<Student>{ int id; String name; int age; public Student(int id, String name, int age) { this.id = id; this.name = name; this.age = age; } @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) return true; if (!(o instanceof Student)) return false; Student student = (Student) o; if (id != student.id) return false; if (age != student.age) return false; return name != null ? name.equals(student.name) : student.name == null; } @Override public int hashCode() { int result = id; result = 31 * result + (name != null ? name.hashCode() : 0); result = 31 * result + age; return result; } @Override public int compareTo(Student o) { return this.id-o.id; } }
經過Collections.sort(list)排序:
package com.test.arithmetic.list.sort; import com.test.arithmetic.list.Student; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.List; /** * 對list中對象排序 * Created by Administrator on 2016/3/29. */ public class SortList { List<Student> list; @Before public void setUp(){ list = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { int v = (int)(Math.random() * 100); list.add(new Student(v,"_"+v,18+v)); } System.out.println("原list:"+list); } //方法一,對象實現Comparable接口 @Test public void byImplements(){ Collections.sort(list); System.out.println("排序後:"+list); } }
Student類仍是未實現Comparable接口以前的:
package com.test.arithmetic.list; /** * 這裏id,name,age相同則Student相同, * 如有其餘相同 * Created by Administrator on 2016/3/29. */ public class Student{ int id; String name; int age; public Student(int id, String name, int age) { this.id = id; this.name = name; this.age = age; } public int getId() { return id; } public Student(int id) { this.id = id; } @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) return true; if (!(o instanceof Student)) return false; Student student = (Student) o; if (id != student.id) return false; if (age != student.age) return false; return name != null ? name.equals(student.name) : student.name == null; } @Override public int hashCode() { int result = id; result = 31 * result + (name != null ? name.hashCode() : 0); result = 31 * result + age; return result; } @Override public String toString() { return "Student{" + "id=" + id + ", name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + '}'; } }
在排序的代碼出添加排序規則:
package com.test.arithmetic.list.sort; import com.test.arithmetic.list.Student; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.Comparator; import java.util.List; /** * 對list中對象排序 * Created by Administrator on 2016/3/29. */ public class SortList { List<Student> list; @Before public void setUp(){ list = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { int v = (int)(Math.random() * 100); list.add(new Student(v,"_"+v,18+v)); } System.out.println("原list:"+list); } //方法一,對象實現Comparable接口 @Test public void byImplements(){ // Collections.sort(list); System.out.println("排序後:"+list); } /*方法二,添加比較器*/ @Test public void byOverideCompare(){ Collections.sort(list, new Comparator<Student>() { @Override public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) { return o1.getId()-o2.getId(); } }); System.out.println(list); } }