webpack學習的大體過程在此記錄一下。
css
先建立一份 vue-cli 做爲參考。cli.vuejs.org/zh/guide/in…html
$ yarn global add @vue/cli
$ vue -V // 查看版本
$ vue init webpack vue-cli
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而後建立 my-vue-cli 初始化項目結構,添加.gitignore等。vue
$ npm init
$ git init
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webpack.docschina.org/guides/inst…node
// webpack 4.x+
$ yarn add webpack webapck-cli -D
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// webpack.config.js
const path = require('path')
module.exports = {
entry: {
app: './src/main.js'
},
output: {
path: path.resolve(__dirname, './dist'),
filename: '[name].[hash:8].js'
}
}
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// package.json
{
"scripts": {
"build": "webpack",
}
}
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$ yarn build
, 會生成dist/app.**.js, 將app.**.js在瀏覽器 console 中運行試試。(webpack 命令會自動查找 webapck.config.js 並執行)。webpack
$ yarn add webpack-dev-server -D
$ yarn add html-webpack-plugin -D
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plugins: [
new HtmlWebpackPlugin({ template: path.resolve(__dirname, './index.html') })
],
devServer: {
// https: true,
open: true,
host: '0.0.0.0',
port: 8000,
disableHostCheck: true,
hot: true,
proxy: {//配置跨域,訪問的域名會被代理到本地的3000端口
'/api': 'http://localhost:3000'
}
}
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webpack.docschina.org/loaders/bab…
// 注意 babel-loader@7 與 babel-core@6 配套使用;babel-loader@8 與 babel-core@7 配套使用。github
$ yarn add babel-loader babel-core babel-preset-env babel-preset-stage-2 -D
$ yarn add babel-plugin-transform-runtime babel-runtime -D
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添加 .babelrc
文件web
{
// presets 告訴 babel 源碼使用了哪些新的語法特性。
"presets": [
[
"env",
{
"modules": false
}
],
"stage-2"
],
// 生成的文件中,不產生註釋, 會使 /* webpackChunkName: 'helloWorld' */ 失效
// "comments": false,
"plugins": [
[
// babel-plugin-transform-runtime 減小冗餘代碼,依賴 babel-runtime
"transform-runtime",
{
"helpers": true,
"polyfill": true,
"regenerator": true,
"moduleName": "babel-runtime"
}
]
],
"env": {
// 測試環境,test 是提早設置的環境變量,若是沒有設置BABEL_ENV, 則使用NODE_ENV,若是都沒有設置默認就是development
"test": {
"presets": [
"env",
"stage-2"
],
// instanbul是一個用來測試轉碼後代碼的工具
"plugins": [
"istanbul"
]
}
}
}
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// webpack.config.js
module.exports = {
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /\.(js|jsx)$/,
exclude: /(node_modules|bower_components)/,
loaders: [
{
loader: 'babel-loader',
options: {
cacheDirectory: true,
},
},
],
},
]
}
}
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$ yarn add less less-loader css-loader style-loader -D
$ yarn add postcss-loader autoprefixer -D
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添加.postcssrc
文件。vue-router
{
"plugins": {
"autoprefixer": {
"browsers": ["IOS>=7", "Android>=4.1", "IE>=9"],
}
}
}
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$ yarn add vue-loader vue-template-compiler -D
$ yarn add vue
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resolve: {
alias: {
vue$: 'vue/dist/vue.runtime.esm.js'
},
},
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$ yarn add url-loader -Dvue-cli
{
test: /\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|svg|webp)$/,
use: [
{
loader: 'url-loader',
options: {
limit: 8192,
name: 'assets/images/[hash:8].[ext]',
}
}
]
},
{
test: /\.(woff|woff2|eot|ttf|otf)$/,
use: [
{
loader: 'url-loader',
options: {
name: 'assets/fonts/[hash:8].[ext]',
}
}
]
},
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$ yarn add vue-router
// 添加別名
resolve: {
alias: {
"@": path.resolve(__dirname, 'src')
},
},
// 按需加載, 注意.babelrc中: "comments": false,會使 /* webpackChunkName: 'helloWorld' */ 失效
const HelloWorld = () => import(/* webpackChunkName: 'helloWorld' */ '@/components/HelloWorld');
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const CleanWebpackPlugin = require('clean-webpack-plugin');
plugins: [
new CleanWebpackPlugin(), // 多版本共存模式時 必需要取消這個插件
]
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$ yarn add babel-eslint eslint eslint-config-standard eslint-plugin-html eslint-plugin-promise eslint-plugin-standard eslint-plugin-import eslint-plugin-node -D
$ yarn add eslint-loader -D
$ yarn add prettier -D --exact
$ yarn add eslint-plugin-prettier eslint-config-prettier eslint-plugin-vue -D
// lint-staged、 husky插件,這樣再每次 commit 代碼的時候都會格式化一下。
$ yarn add lint-staged husky@next -D
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// 添加 .eslintrc.js
// 添加.prettierrc
// package.json
// pre-commit 約束代碼提交
"husky": {
"hooks": {
"pre-commit": "lint-staged"
}
},
"lint-staged": {
"*.{js,json,css,md,vue}": ["prettier --write", "git add"]
}
// webpack.config.js
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /\.(js|vue)$/,
loader: 'eslint-loader',
enforce: 'pre',
exclude: /(node_modules|bower_components)/,
},
]
}
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// copy custom static assets
new CopyWebpackPlugin([
{
from: path.resolve(__dirname, './static'),
to: 'static',
ignore: ['.*'],
},
]),
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不一樣環境,使用不一樣配置插件等。 $ yarn add cross-env -D
// package.json
scripts: {
"build": "cross-env NODE_ENV=production webpack",
}
// 使用
porcess.env.NODE_ENV
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webpack.docschina.org/concepts/mo… webpack4+ mode簡化了許多配置。
const mode = process.env.NODE_ENV || 'development'
module.exports = {
mode: mode,
}
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開發環境的 --hot 不能使用contenthash、chunkhash
const chunkhash = isDev ? '[name].[hash:8].js' : '[name].[chunkhash:8].js'
const contenthash = isDev ? '[name].[hash:8].css' : '[name].[contenthash:8].css'
output: {
path: path.resolve(__dirname, './dist'),
filename: chunkhash,
chunkFilename: chunkhash,
publicPath: '/',
},
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module: {
rules: [
{
test: /\.(css|less)$/,
use: {
loader: isDev ? 'style-loader' : MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader
},
}
]
}
plugins: [
new MiniCssExtractPlugin({
filename: contenthash,
chunkFilename: contenthash,
}),
]
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webpack.docschina.org/configurati… $ yarn add uglifyjs-webpack-plugin
optimization: {
runtimeChunk: {
name: 'manifest',
},
splitChunks: {
cacheGroups: {
vendor: {
test: /[\\/]node_modules[\\/]/,
chunks: 'all',
name: 'vendor',
},
},
},
minimizer: [
new UglifyJsPlugin({
cache: true,
parallel: true,
sourceMap: true,
}),
new OptimizeCSSAssetsPlugin(),
],
},
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// package.json
scripts: {
"analyz": "NODE_ENV=production npm_config_report=true npm run build"
}
// webpack.config.json
plugins: [
...(process.env.npm_config_report ? [new BundleAnalyzerPlugin()] : []),
]
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webpack 構建流程中最耗時的就是 Loader 轉換,js 單線程只能對文件一個一個的處理,HappyPack 原理就是將這部分任務,分解到多個進程,減小構建時間。
大中型項目中,使用 happypack 才能看到比較明顯的構建速度提高。
// 見 git 記錄"使用happypack"
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new ParallelUglifyPlugin({
uglifyJS: {
output: {
// 最緊湊輸出
beautify: false,
// 刪除全部註釋
comments: false,
},
compress: {
drop_console: !isDev,
collapse_vars: true,
reduce_vars: true,
},
},
}),
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webpack.docschina.org/contribute/…
// webpack.config.js
module.exports = {
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /\.vue$/,
exclude: /(node_modules|bower_components)/,
use: [
{
loader: 'vue-loader',
options: {
loaders: {
// happy 不支持 vue-loader, 將js 交由 happypack
js: 'happypack/loader?id=babel',
},
},
},
{
// 爲每一個 vue 文件 添加 ~@/assets/less/variable.less, 避免人工每次導入。
loader: 'less-auto-import-loader',
options: {
url: '~@/assets/less/variable.less',
},
},
],
},
]
}
resolveLoader: {
// 增長 loader 的查找範圍
modules: ['node_modules', './loaders/'],
},
}
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***重點是***找到合適的事件點去完成功能。compiler 鉤子
// EndWebpackPlugin webpack構建成功或失敗後執行回調
class EndWebpackPlugin {
constructor(doneCallback, failCallback) {
this.doneCallback = doneCallback
this.failCallback = failCallback
}
apply(compiler) {
compiler.plugin('done', (stats) => {
this.doneCallback(stats)
})
compiler.plugin('failed', (err) => {
this.doneCallback(err)
})
}
}
// webpack.config.js
const EndWebpackPlugin = require('end-webpack-plugin');
plugins: [
new EndWebpackPlugin((stats) => {}, (err) => {})
]
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github: github.com/lizhuang93/…
webpack官網: webpack.docschina.org/concepts/