使用棧實現隊列 Implement Queue using Stacks

問題：

Implement the following operations of a queue using stacks.

• push(x) -- Push element x to the back of queue.
• pop() -- Removes the element from in front of queue.
• peek() -- Get the front element.
• empty() -- Return whether the queue is empty.

Notes:

• You must use only standard operations of a stack -- which means only push to top, peek/pop from top, size, and is emptyoperations are valid.
• Depending on your language, stack may not be supported natively. You may simulate a stack by using a list or deque (double-ended queue), as long as you use only standard operations of a stack.
• You may assume that all operations are valid (for example, no pop or peek operations will be called on an empty queue).

解決：

【注】關於測試參數的解釋：

["MyQueue","push","push","peek","pop","pop","empty"] --- 表示要進行的操做

[[],[1],[2],[],[],[],[]] --- 表示對應傳入的參數

① 使用兩個棧s1，s2，進棧的時候不作任何處理，出棧的時候把棧逆序放在另一個棧，出另一個棧。
以前寫常常出現空棧異常或者超時，就是沒有寫好s1，s2之間的轉換。

class MyQueue { // 87ms
    Stack<Integer> s1 = new Stack<>();
    Stack<Integer> s2 = new Stack<>();
    /** Initialize your data structure here. */
    public MyQueue() {}
    /** Push element x to the back of queue. */
    public void push(int x) {
        while(! s2.isEmpty()) s1.push(s2.pop());
        s1.push(x);
    }
    /** Removes the element from in front of queue and returns that element. */
    public int pop() {
        while(! s1.isEmpty()) s2.push(s1.pop());
        return s2.pop();
    }
    /** Get the front element. */
    public int peek() {
        while(! s1.isEmpty()) s2.push(s1.pop());
        return s2.peek();
    }
    /** Returns whether the queue is empty. */
    public boolean empty() {
        while(! s2.isEmpty()) s1.push(s2.pop());
        return s1.isEmpty();
    }
}
/**
 * Your MyQueue object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * MyQueue obj = new MyQueue();
 * obj.push(x);
 * int param_2 = obj.pop();
 * int param_3 = obj.peek();
 * boolean param_4 = obj.empty();
 */

② 使用兩個棧，在進棧的時候，把棧逆序放在另一個棧，出的時候直接出另一個棧就能夠了。

class MyQueue { //93ms
    Stack<Integer> s1 = new Stack<>();
    Stack<Integer> s2 = new Stack<>();
    /** Initialize your data structure here. */
    public MyQueue() {}
    /** Push element x to the back of queue. */
    public void push(int x) {
        while(! s1.isEmpty()) s2.push(s1.pop());
        s2.push(x);
        while(! s2.isEmpty()) s1.push(s2.pop());
    }
    /** Removes the element from in front of queue and returns that element. */
    public int pop() {
        return s1.pop();
    }
    /** Get the front element. */
    public int peek() {
        return s1.peek();
    }
    /** Returns whether the queue is empty. */
    public boolean empty() {
        return s1.isEmpty();
    }
}

③ 除了使用兩個棧以外，額外使用一個指針指向頭部。

class MyQueue { //113ms     Stack<Integer> s1 = new Stack<>();     Stack<Integer> s2 = new Stack<>();     int head;     /** Initialize your data structure here. */     public MyQueue() {}     /** Push element x to the back of queue. */     public void push(int x) {         if(s1.isEmpty()) head = x;         s1.push(x);     }     /** Removes the element from in front of queue and returns that element. */     public int pop() {         while(! s1.isEmpty()) s2.push(s1.pop());         int top = -1;         if(! s2.isEmpty()){             top = s2.pop();             if(! s2.isEmpty()) head = s2.peek();         }         while(! s2.isEmpty()) s1.push(s2.pop());         return top;     }     /** Get the front element. */     public int peek() {         return head;     }     /** Returns whether the queue is empty. */     public boolean empty() {         return s1.isEmpty();     } }