Android開發學習之路--傳感器之初體驗

時間 2019-11-06

原文原文鏈接

說到傳感器。仍是有很是多的，有加速度啊，光照啊。磁傳感器等等。固然android手機之因此稱爲智能手機，少不了這幾款傳感器的功勞了。如下就學習下了。這裏主要學習光照，加速度和磁。html

新建projectemSensorStudy，佈局例如如下：java

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?
>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_margin="5dp"
    tools:context="com.jared.emsensorsstudy.MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:text="Hello Sensors"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="22dp"/>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/startLightSensor"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="啓動LightSensor"
        android:textAllCaps="false"/>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/startAccelerSensor"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="啓動AccelerSensor"
        android:textAllCaps="false"/>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/startMagneticSensor"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="啓動MagneticSensor"
        android:textAllCaps="false"/>
</LinearLayout>
android

加入LightSensor，AccelerSensor，MagnetiSensor的Activity。改動MainActivity代碼例如如下：

package com.jared.emsensorsstudy;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private Button startLightSensorBtn;
    private Button startAccelerSensorBtn;
    private Button startMagneticSensorBtn;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        startLightSensorBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.startLightSensor);
        startAccelerSensorBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.startAccelerSensor);
        startMagneticSensorBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.startMagneticSensor);

        startLightSensorBtn.setOnClickListener(new myOnClickListener());
        startAccelerSensorBtn.setOnClickListener(new myOnClickListener());
        startMagneticSensorBtn.setOnClickListener(new myOnClickListener());
    }

    private class myOnClickListener implements View.OnClickListener {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View view) {
            switch (view.getId()) {
                case R.id.startAccelerSensor:
                    Intent intent1 = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), AccelerSensor.class);
                    startActivity(intent1);
                    break;
                case R.id.startLightSensor:
                    Intent intent2 = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), LightSensor.class);
                    startActivity(intent2);
                    break;
                case R.id.startMagneticSensor:
                    Intent intent3 = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), MagneticSensor.class);
                    startActivity(intent3);
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
            }
        }
    }


}

先要實現Light的功能，先改動佈局例如如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?
>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:layout_margin="10dp"
    tools:context="com.jared.emsensorsstudy.LightSensor">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/light_level"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="22dp"/>

</LinearLayout>
微信

簡單地實現了一個textview用來顯示光照強度。接着改動LightSensor代碼例如如下：

package com.jared.emsensorsstudy;

import android.content.Context;
import android.hardware.Sensor;
import android.hardware.SensorEvent;
import android.hardware.SensorEventListener;
import android.hardware.SensorManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class LightSensor extends AppCompatActivity {

    private SensorManager sensorManager;
    private TextView lightLevel;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_light_sensor);

        lightLevel = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.light_level);

        initWithLight();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        if(sensorManager != null) {
            sensorManager.unregisterListener(listener);
        }
    }

    public void initWithLight() {
        sensorManager = (SensorManager)getSystemService(Context.SENSOR_SERVICE);
        Sensor sensor = sensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_LIGHT);
        sensorManager.registerListener(listener, sensor, SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_NORMAL);
    }

    private SensorEventListener listener = new SensorEventListener() {
        @Override
        public void onSensorChanged(SensorEvent sensorEvent) {
            float value = sensorEvent.values[0];
            lightLevel.setText("Currrent light level is "+value+"lx");
        }

        @Override
        public void onAccuracyChanged(Sensor sensor, int i) {

        }
    };
}

這裏先經過getSystemService獲取sensor，而後經過註冊一個listener來監聽傳感器的變化，當值有變化的時候會調用onSensorChanged方法，詳細執行後。用手遮擋聽筒附近的傳感器，顯演示樣例如如下：

從上可見光照的效果很是明顯了。接着咱們來試下加速度傳感器。app

這裏實現微信搖一搖功能，並且成功了震動。ide

改動佈局例如如下：佈局

<?
xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?post
>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_margin="10dp"
    tools:context="com.jared.emsensorsstudy.AccelerSensor">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="搖一搖獲取不少其它哦。"
        android:layout_gravity=""
        android:textSize="22dp"/>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/shack"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:textSize="22dp"/>

</LinearLayout>
學習

接着加入代碼例如如下：

package com.jared.emsensorsstudy;

import android.content.Context;
import android.hardware.Sensor;
import android.hardware.SensorEvent;
import android.hardware.SensorEventListener;
import android.hardware.SensorManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Vibrator;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class AccelerSensor extends AppCompatActivity {

    private SensorManager sensorManager;
    private TextView shackPhone;
    private Vibrator vibrator;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_acceler_sensor);
        shackPhone = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.shack);

        initWithAcceler();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        if(sensorManager != null) {
            sensorManager.unregisterListener(listener);
        }
    }

    private void initWithAcceler() {
        sensorManager = (SensorManager)getSystemService(Context.SENSOR_SERVICE);
        Sensor sensor = sensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER);
        sensorManager.registerListener(listener, sensor, SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_NORMAL);
        vibrator = (Vibrator)getSystemService(Context.VIBRATOR_SERVICE);
    }

    private SensorEventListener listener = new SensorEventListener() {
        @Override
        public void onSensorChanged(SensorEvent sensorEvent) {
            float xValue = Math.abs(sensorEvent.values[0]);
            float yValue = Math.abs(sensorEvent.values[1]);
            float zValue = Math.abs(sensorEvent.values[2]);
            int medumValue = 19;
            if(xValue > medumValue || yValue > medumValue || zValue > medumValue) {
                vibrator.vibrate(200);
                shackPhone.setText("恭喜你搖一搖成功，新年快樂！");
            } else {
                //Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "請使勁搖哦！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onAccuracyChanged(Sensor sensor, int i) {

        }
    };
}

這裏的代碼和LightSensor的代碼差點兒相同，主要是當三個方向的加速度大於19的時候就表示在搖動了。而後震動下手機就ok了。效果例如如下：

最後來學習下magneticSensor了。spa

這裏實現個compass。

首先就是提供一張圖片了。改動佈局例如如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:layout_margin="10dp"
    tools:context="com.jared.emsensorsstudy.MagneticSensor">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/compass_img"
        android:layout_width="250dp"
        android:layout_height="250dp"
        android:layout_centerInParent="true"
        android:src="@drawable/compass" />

</RelativeLayout>

接着就是改動MagneticSensor的代碼了：

package com.jared.emsensorsstudy;

import android.content.Context;
import android.hardware.Sensor;
import android.hardware.SensorEvent;
import android.hardware.SensorEventListener;
import android.hardware.SensorManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.animation.Animation;
import android.view.animation.RotateAnimation;
import android.widget.ImageView;

public class MagneticSensor extends AppCompatActivity {

    private SensorManager sensorManager;
    private ImageView compassImage;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_magnetic_sensor);

        compassImage = (ImageView)findViewById(R.id.compass_img);

        initWithCompass();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        sensorManager.unregisterListener(listener);
    }

    private void initWithCompass() {
        sensorManager = (SensorManager)getSystemService(Context.SENSOR_SERVICE);
        Sensor magneticSensor = sensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD);
        Sensor acclerSensor = sensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER);
        sensorManager.registerListener(listener, magneticSensor, SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_GAME);
        sensorManager.registerListener(listener, acclerSensor, SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_GAME);

    }

    private SensorEventListener listener = new SensorEventListener() {

        float[] acclerValues = new float[3];
        float[] magneticValues = new float[3];
        private float lastRotateDegree;

        @Override
        public void onSensorChanged(SensorEvent sensorEvent) {
            switch (sensorEvent.sensor.getType()) {
                case Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER:
                    acclerValues = sensorEvent.values.clone();
                    break;
                case Sensor.TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD:
                    magneticValues = sensorEvent.values.clone();
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
            }
            float[] values = new float[3];
            float[] R = new float[9];
            //調用getRotaionMatrix得到變換矩陣R[]  
            SensorManager.getRotationMatrix(R, null, acclerValues, magneticValues);
            SensorManager.getOrientation(R, values);
            //通過SensorManager.getOrientation(R, values);獲得的values值爲弧度
            //轉換爲角度

            float rotateDegree = -(float)Math.toDegrees(values[0]);
            if(Math.abs(rotateDegree - lastRotateDegree) > 2) {
                RotateAnimation animation = new RotateAnimation(
                  lastRotateDegree, rotateDegree, Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0.5f,
                        Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0.5f);
                animation.setFillAfter(true);
                compassImage.startAnimation(animation);
                lastRotateDegree = rotateDegree;
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onAccuracyChanged(Sensor sensor, int i) {

        }
    };
}

這裏經過加速度和磁傳感器來實現一個方向，因爲方向傳感器官方已經不提倡使用了。執行效果例如如下：

傳感器就先學習這些了。

附：參考《第一行代碼》