6.20-python學習

一.今日內容:html

1.解析庫之bs4:python

''''''
'''
pip3 install beautifulsoup4  # 安裝bs4
pip3 install lxml  # 下載lxml解析器
'''
html_doc = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="sister"><b>$37</b></p>
<p class="story" id="p">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" >Elsie</a>,
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>

<p class="story">...</p>
"""

# 從bs4中導入BeautifulSoup
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

# 調用BeautifulSoup實例化獲得一個soup對象
# 參數一: 解析文本
# 參數二:
# 參數二: 解析器(html.parser、lxml...)
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, 'lxml')

print(soup)
print('*' * 100)
print(type(soup))
print('*' * 100)
# 文檔美化
html = soup.prettify()
print(html)

2.bs之遍歷文檔樹:web

html_doc = """<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head><body><p class="sister"><b>$37</b></p><p class="story" id="p">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were<b>tank</b><a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" >Elsie</a>,<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;and they lived at the bottom of a well.<hr></hr></p><p class="story">...</p>"""

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, 'lxml')

'''
遍歷文檔樹:
    一、直接使用
    二、獲取標籤的名稱
    三、獲取標籤的屬性
    四、獲取標籤的內容
    五、嵌套選擇
    六、子節點、子孫節點
    七、父節點、祖先節點
    八、兄弟節點
'''

# 一、直接使用
print(soup.p)  # 查找第一個p標籤
print(soup.a)  # 查找第一個a標籤

# 二、獲取標籤的名稱
print(soup.head.name)  # 獲取head標籤的名稱

# 三、獲取標籤的屬性
print(soup.a.attrs)  # 獲取a標籤中的全部屬性
print(soup.a.attrs['href'])  # 獲取a標籤中的href屬性

# 四、獲取標籤的內容
print(soup.p.text)  # $37

# 五、嵌套選擇
print(soup.html.head)

# 六、子節點、子孫節點
print(soup.body.children)  # body全部子節點,返回的是迭代器對象
print(list(soup.body.children))  # 強轉成列表類型

print(soup.body.descendants)  # 子孫節點
print(list(soup.body.descendants))  # 子孫節點

#  七、父節點、祖先節點
print(soup.p.parent)  # 獲取p標籤的父親節點
# 返回的是生成器對象
print(soup.p.parents)  # 獲取p標籤全部的祖先節點
print(list(soup.p.parents))

# 八、兄弟節點
# 找下一個兄弟
print(soup.p.next_sibling)
# 找下面全部的兄弟,返回的是生成器
print(soup.p.next_siblings)
print(list(soup.p.next_siblings))

# 找上一個兄弟
print(soup.a.previous_sibling)  # 找到第一個a標籤的上一個兄弟節點
# 找到a標籤上面的全部兄弟節點
print(soup.a.previous_siblings)  # 返回的是生成器
print(list(soup.a.previous_siblings))

3.bs之搜索文檔樹:mongodb

''''''
html_doc = """<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head><body><p class="sister"><b>$37</b></p><p class="story" id="p">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were<b>tank</b><a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" >Elsie</a>,<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;and they lived at the bottom of a well.<hr></hr></p><p class="story">...</p>"""
'''
搜索文檔樹:
    find()  找一個  
    find_all()  找多個
    
標籤查找與屬性查找:
    標籤:
            name 屬性匹配
            attrs 屬性查找匹配
            text 文本匹配
            
        - 字符串過濾器   
            字符串全局匹配

        - 正則過濾器
            re模塊匹配

        - 列表過濾器
            列表內的數據匹配

        - bool過濾器
            True匹配

        - 方法過濾器
            用於一些要的屬性以及不須要的屬性查找。

    屬性:
        - class_
        - id
'''

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, 'lxml')

# # 字符串過濾器
# # name
p_tag = soup.find(name='p')
print(p_tag)  # 根據文本p查找某個標籤
# 找到全部標籤名爲p的節點
tag_s1 = soup.find_all(name='p')
print(tag_s1)
#
#
# # attrs
# # 查找第一個class爲sister的節點
p = soup.find(attrs={"class": "sister"})
print(p)
# # 查找全部class爲sister的節點
tag_s2 = soup.find_all(attrs={"class": "sister"})
print(tag_s2)
#
#
# # text
text = soup.find(text="$37")
print(text)
#
#
# # 配合使用:
# # 找到一個id爲link二、文本爲Lacie的a標籤
a_tag = soup.find(name="a", attrs={"id": "link2"}, text="Lacie")
print(a_tag)



# # 正則過濾器
import re
# name
p_tag = soup.find(name=re.compile('p'))
print(p_tag)

# 列表過濾器
import re
# name
tags = soup.find_all(name=['p', 'a', re.compile('html')])
print(tags)

# - bool過濾器
# True匹配
# 找到有id的p標籤
p = soup.find(name='p', attrs={"id": True})
print(p)

# 方法過濾器
# 匹配標籤名爲a、屬性有id沒有class的標籤
def have_id_class(tag):
    if tag.name == 'a' and tag.has_attr('id') and tag.has_attr('class'):
        return tag

tag = soup.find(name=have_id_class)
print(tag)

4.爬取豌豆莢:數據庫

'''
主頁:
    圖標地址、下載次數、大小、詳情頁地址

詳情頁:
    遊戲名、圖標名、好評率、評論數、小編點評、簡介、網友評論、1-5張截圖連接地址、下載地址
https://www.wandoujia.com/wdjweb/api/category/more?catId=6001&subCatId=0&page=1&ctoken=FRsWKgWBqMBZLdxLaK4iem9B

https://www.wandoujia.com/wdjweb/api/category/more?catId=6001&subCatId=0&page=2&ctoken=FRsWKgWBqMBZLdxLaK4iem9B

https://www.wandoujia.com/wdjweb/api/category/more?catId=6001&subCatId=0&page=3&ctoken=FRsWKgWBqMBZLdxLaK4iem9B

32
'''
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
# 一、發送請求
def get_page(url):
    response = requests.get(url)
    return response

# 二、開始解析
# 解析主頁
def parse_index(data):
    soup = BeautifulSoup(data, 'lxml')

    # 獲取全部app的li標籤
    app_list = soup.find_all(name='li', attrs={"class": "card"})
    for app in app_list:
        # print('tank *' * 1000)
        # print(app)
        # 圖標地址
        img = app.find(name='img').attrs['data-original']
        print(img)

        # 下載次數
        down_num = app.find(name='span', attrs={"class": "install-count"}).text
        print(down_num)

        import re
        # 大小
        size = soup.find(name='span', text=re.compile("\d+MB")).text
        print(size)

        # 詳情頁地址
        detail_url = soup.find(name='a', attrs={"class": "detail-check-btn"}).attrs['href']
        print(detail_url)


def main():
    for line in range(1, 33):
        url = f"https://www.wandoujia.com/wdjweb/api/category/more?catId=6001&subCatId=0&page={line}&ctoken=FRsWKgWBqMBZLdxLaK4iem9B"

        # 一、往app接口發送請求
        response = get_page(url)
        # print(response.text)
        print('*' * 1000)
        # 反序列化爲字典
        data = response.json()
        # 獲取接口中app標籤數據
        app_li = data['data']['content']
        # print(app_li)
        # 二、解析app標籤數據
        parse_index(app_li)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
'''
主頁:
    圖標地址、下載次數、大小、詳情頁地址

詳情頁:
    遊戲名、好評率、評論數、小編點評、下載地址、簡介、網友評論、1-5張截圖連接地址、
https://www.wandoujia.com/wdjweb/api/category/more?catId=6001&subCatId=0&page=1&ctoken=FRsWKgWBqMBZLdxLaK4iem9B

https://www.wandoujia.com/wdjweb/api/category/more?catId=6001&subCatId=0&page=2&ctoken=FRsWKgWBqMBZLdxLaK4iem9B

https://www.wandoujia.com/wdjweb/api/category/more?catId=6001&subCatId=0&page=3&ctoken=FRsWKgWBqMBZLdxLaK4iem9B

32
'''
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
# 一、發送請求
def get_page(url):
    response = requests.get(url)
    return response

# 二、開始解析
# 解析詳情頁
def parse_detail(text):
    soup = BeautifulSoup(text, 'lxml')
    # print(soup)

    # app名稱
    name = soup.find(name="span", attrs={"class": "title"}).text
    # print(name)

    # 好評率
    love = soup.find(name='span', attrs={"class": "love"}).text
    # print(love)

    # 評論數
    commit_num = soup.find(name='a', attrs={"class": "comment-open"}).text
    # print(commit_num)

    # 小編點評
    commit_content = soup.find(name='div', attrs={"class": "con"}).text
    # print(commit_content)

    # app下載連接
    download_url = soup.find(name='a', attrs={"class": "normal-dl-btn"}).attrs['href']
    # print(download_url)

    print(
        f'''
        ============= tank ==============
        app名稱:{name}
        好評率: {love}
        評論數: {commit_num}
        小編點評: {commit_content}
        app下載連接: {download_url}
        ============= end ==============
        '''
    )



# 解析主頁
def parse_index(data):
    soup = BeautifulSoup(data, 'lxml')

    # 獲取全部app的li標籤
    app_list = soup.find_all(name='li', attrs={"class": "card"})
    for app in app_list:
        # print(app)
        # print('tank' * 1000)
        # print('tank *' * 1000)
        # print(app)
        # 圖標地址
        # 獲取第一個img標籤中的data-original屬性
        img = app.find(name='img').attrs['data-original']
        print(img)

        # 下載次數
        # 獲取class爲install-count的span標籤中的文本
        down_num = app.find(name='span', attrs={"class": "install-count"}).text
        print(down_num)

        import re
        # 大小
        # 根據文本正則獲取到文本中包含 數字 + MB(\d+表明數字)的span標籤中的文本
        size = soup.find(name='span', text=re.compile("\d+MB")).text
        print(size)

        # 詳情頁地址
        # 獲取class爲detail-check-btn的a標籤中的href屬性
        # detail_url = soup.find(name='a', attrs={"class": "name"}).attrs['href']
        # print(detail_url)

        # 詳情頁地址
        detail_url = app.find(name='a').attrs['href']
        print(detail_url)

        # 三、往app詳情頁發送請求
        response = get_page(detail_url)

        # 四、解析app詳情頁
        parse_detail(response.text)


def main():
    for line in range(1, 33):
        url = f"https://www.wandoujia.com/wdjweb/api/category/more?catId=6001&subCatId=0&page={line}&ctoken=FRsWKgWBqMBZLdxLaK4iem9B"

        # 一、往app接口發送請求
        response = get_page(url)
        # print(response.text)
        print('*' * 1000)
        # 反序列化爲字典
        data = response.json()

        # 獲取接口中app標籤數據
        app_li = data['data']['content']
        # print(app_li)
        # 二、解析app標籤數據
        parse_index(app_li)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

5.mongoDB的簡單使用:json

MongoDB 非關係型數據庫
一 安裝與使用
一、下載安裝
https://www.mongodb.com/download-center/communityapi

二、在C盤建立一個data/db文件夾
- 數據的存放路徑app

三、mongod啓動服務
進入終端,輸入mongod啓動mongoDB服務。函數

四、mongo進入mongoDB客戶端
打開一個新的終端,輸入mongo進入客戶端url

二 數據庫操做

數據庫操做:
切換庫:
SQL:
use admin; 有則切換,無則報錯。

MongoDB:
use tank; 有則切換,無則建立,並切換tank庫中。

查數據庫:
SQL:
show databases;

MongoDB:
show dbs;
顯示的數據庫若無數據,則不顯示。

刪除庫:
SQL:
drop database

MongoDB:
db.dropDatabase()


集合操做: MySQL中叫作表。
建立集合:
SQL:
create table f1, f2...

MongoDB:
# 在當前庫中經過.來建立集合
db.student

插入數據:
# 插入多條數據
db.student.insert([{"name1": "tank1"}, {"name2": "tank2"}])

# 插入一條
db.student.insert({"name": "tank"})


查數據:
# 查找student集合中全部數據
db.student.find({})

# 查一條 查找name爲tank的記錄
db.student.find({"name":"tank"})

三 python連接MongoDB
一、下載第三方模塊pymongo
pip3 install pymongo

二、連接mongoDB客戶端
client = MongoClient('localhost', 27017)

6.pymongo簡單使用:

from pymongo import MongoClient

# 一、連接mongoDB客戶端
# 參數1: mongoDB的ip地址
# 參數2: mongoDB的端口號 默認:27017
client = MongoClient('localhost', 27017)
# print(client)

# 二、進入tank_db庫,沒有則建立
# print(client['tank_db'])

# 三、建立集合
# print(client['tank_db']['people'])

# 四、給tank_db庫插入數據

# 1.插入一條
data1 = {
    'name': 'tank',
    'age': 18,
    'sex': 'male'
}
client['tank_db']['people'].insert(data1)

# 2.插入多條
data1 = {
    'name': 'tank',
    'age': 18,
    'sex': 'male'
}
data2 = {
    'name': '戚志雲',
    'age': 84,
    'sex': 'female'
}
data3 = {
    'name': '沈金金',
    'age': 73,
    'sex': 'male'
}
client['tank_db']['people'].insert([data1, data2, data3])
#
# # 五、查數據
# # 查看全部數據
data_s = client['tank_db']['people'].find()
print(data_s)  # <pymongo.cursor.Cursor object at 0x000002EEA6720128>
# # 須要循環打印全部數據
for data in data_s:
    print(data)

# # 查看一條數據
data = client['tank_db']['people'].find_one()
print(data)

# 官方推薦使用
# 插入一條insert_one
client['tank_db']['people'].insert_one()
# 插入多條insert_many
client['tank_db']['people'].insert_many()

二.做業:

一、整理課堂內容,並寫博客

二、基於豌豆莢爬取剩下的簡介截圖圖片地址、網友評論

三、把豌豆莢爬取的數據插入mongoDB中
- 建立一個wandoujia庫
- 把主頁的數據存放一個名爲index集合中
- 把詳情頁的數據存放一個名爲detail集合中

'''
主頁:
    圖標地址、下載次數、大小、詳情頁地址

詳情頁:
    遊戲名、好評率、評論數、小編點評、下載地址、簡介、網友評論、1-5張截圖連接地址、
https://www.wandoujia.com/wdjweb/api/category/more?catId=6001&subCatId=0&page=1&ctoken=FRsWKgWBqMBZLdxLaK4iem9B

https://www.wandoujia.com/wdjweb/api/category/more?catId=6001&subCatId=0&page=2&ctoken=FRsWKgWBqMBZLdxLaK4iem9B

https://www.wandoujia.com/wdjweb/api/category/more?catId=6001&subCatId=0&page=3&ctoken=FRsWKgWBqMBZLdxLaK4iem9B

32
'''
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from pymongo import MongoClient
'''
三、把豌豆莢爬取的數據插入mongoDB中
    - 建立一個wandoujia庫
        - 把主頁的數據存放一個名爲index集合中
        - 把詳情頁的數據存放一個名爲detail集合中
'''
# 鏈接MongoDB客戶端
client = MongoClient('localhost', 27017)
# 建立或選擇wandoujia庫,index集合
index_col = client['wandoujia']['index']
# 建立或選擇wandoujia庫,detail集合
detail_col = client['wandoujia']['detail']

# 一、發送請求
def get_page(url):
    response = requests.get(url)
    return response


# 二、開始解析
# 解析詳情頁
def parse_detail(text):

    soup = BeautifulSoup(text, 'lxml')
    # print(soup)

    # app名稱
    try:
        name = soup.find(name="span", attrs={"class": "title"}).text
    except Exception:
        # 如有異常,設置爲None
        name = None
    # print(name)

    # 好評率
    try:
        love = soup.find(name='span', attrs={"class": "love"}).text

    except Exception:
        love = None
    # print(love)

    # 評論數
    try:
        commit_num = soup.find(name='a', attrs={"class": "comment-open"}).text
    except Exception:
        commit_num = None
    # print(commit_num)

    # 小編點評
    try:
        commit_content = soup.find(name='div', attrs={"class": "con"}).text
    except Exception:
        commit_content = None
    # print(commit_content)

    # app下載連接

    try:
        download_url = soup.find(name='a', attrs={"class": "normal-dl-btn"}).attrs['href']
    except Exception:
        # 如有異常,設置爲None
        download_url = None

    # print(download_url)

    # print(
    #     f'''
    #     ============= tank ==============
    #     app名稱:{name}
    #     好評率: {love}
    #     評論數: {commit_num}
    #     小編點評: {commit_content}
    #     app下載連接: {download_url}
    #     ============= end ==============
    #     '''
    # )

    # 判斷全部數據都存在,正常賦值
    if name and love and commit_num and commit_content and download_url :
        detail_data = {
            'name': name,
            'love': love,
            'commit_num': commit_num,
            'commit_content': commit_content,
            'download_url': download_url
        }

    # 若love沒有值,則設置爲 沒人點贊,很慘
    if not love:
        detail_data = {
            'name': name,
            'love': "沒人點贊,很慘",
            'commit_num': commit_num,
            'commit_content': commit_content,
            'download_url': download_url
        }
    # 若download_url沒有值,則設置爲 沒有安裝包
    if not download_url:
        detail_data = {
            'name': name,
            'love': love,
            'commit_num': commit_num,
            'commit_content': commit_content,
            'download_url': '沒有安裝包'
        }



    # 插入詳情頁數據
    detail_col.insert(detail_data)
    print(f'{name}app數據插入成功!')

# 解析主頁
def parse_index(data):
    soup = BeautifulSoup(data, 'lxml')

    # 獲取全部app的li標籤
    app_list = soup.find_all(name='li', attrs={"class": "card"})
    for app in app_list:
        # print(app)
        # print('tank' * 1000)
        # print('tank *' * 1000)
        # print(app)
        # 圖標地址
        # 獲取第一個img標籤中的data-original屬性
        img = app.find(name='img').attrs['data-original']
        # print(img)

        # 下載次數
        # 獲取class爲install-count的span標籤中的文本
        down_num = app.find(name='span', attrs={"class": "install-count"}).text
        # print(down_num)

        import re
        # 大小
        # 根據文本正則獲取到文本中包含 數字 + MB(\d+表明數字)的span標籤中的文本
        size = soup.find(name='span', text=re.compile("\d+MB")).text
        # print(size)

        # 詳情頁地址
        # 獲取class爲detail-check-btn的a標籤中的href屬性
        # detail_url = soup.find(name='a', attrs={"class": "name"}).attrs['href']
        # print(detail_url)

        # 詳情頁地址
        detail_url = app.find(name='a').attrs['href']
        # print(detail_url)

        # 拼接數據
        index_data = {
            'img': img,
            'down_num': down_num,
            'size': size,
            'detail_url': detail_url
        }

        # 插入數據
        index_col.insert(index_data)
        print('主頁數據插入成功!')

        # 三、往app詳情頁發送請求
        response = get_page(detail_url)

        # 四、解析app詳情頁
        parse_detail(response.text)


def main():
    for line in range(1, 33):
        url = f"https://www.wandoujia.com/wdjweb/api/category/more?catId=6001&subCatId=0&page={line}&ctoken=FRsWKgWBqMBZLdxLaK4iem9B"

        # 一、往app接口發送請求
        response = get_page(url)
        # print(response.text)
        print('*' * 1000)
        # 反序列化爲字典
        data = response.json()

        # 獲取接口中app標籤數據
        app_li = data['data']['content']
        # print(app_li)

        # 二、解析app標籤數據
        parse_index(app_li)

        # 執行完全部函數關閉mongoDB客戶端
        client.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
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