metamask源碼學習-metamask-controller.js

The MetaMask Controller——The central metamask controller. Aggregates other controllers and exports an api.

The core functionality of MetaMask all lives in what we call The MetaMask Controller. Our goal for this file is for it to eventually be its own javascript module that can be imported into any JS-compatible context, allowing it to fully manage an app's relationship to Ethereum.

MetaMask的核心功能都存在於咱們所稱的The MetaMask控制器中。咱們對這個文件的目標是讓它最終成爲可以被導入到任何兼容於js的上下文中的屬於本身的javascript模塊，，從而徹底管理應用程序與以太坊之間的關係。

Constructor

When calling new MetaMask(opts), many platform-specific options are configured. The keys on opts are as follows:

在調用new MetaMask(opts)時，配置了許多特定於平臺的選項。以下:

• initState: The last emitted state, used for restoring persistent state between sessions.最後發出的狀態，用於在會話之間恢復持久狀態
• platform: The platform object defines a variety of platform-specific functions, including opening the confirmation view, and opening web sites.平臺對象定義了各類特定於平臺的功能，包括打開確認視圖和打開web站點。
• encryptor - An object that provides access to the desired encryption methods.提供對所需加密方法的訪問的對象

Encryptor

An object that provides two simple methods, which can encrypt in any format you prefer. This parameter is optional, and will default to the browser-native WebCrypto API.

提供兩種能夠以你喜歡的任何格式進行加密的簡單方法的對象。這個參數是可選的，默認爲瀏覽器本地的WebCrypto API。

• encrypt(password, object) - returns a Promise of a string that is ready for storage.返回一個可用於存儲的字符串的Promise
• decrypt(password, encryptedString) - Accepts the encrypted output of encrypt and returns a Promise of a restored object as it was encrypted.接受加密的輸出encryptedString，並返回解密的對象的promise。

Platform Options

The platform object has a variety of options:

• reload (function) - Will be called when MetaMask would like to reload its own context.將在MetaMask想要從新加載其本身的上下文時調用
• openWindow ({ url }) - Will be called when MetaMask would like to open a web page. It will be passed a single options object with a url key, with a string value.將在MetaMask想要打開web頁面時調用。它將傳遞一個帶有url鍵和字符串值的單一選項對象
• getVersion() - Should return the current MetaMask version, as described in the current CHANGELOG.md or app/manifest.json.應該返回當前MetaMask的版本，即在當前的 CHANGELOG.md或app/manifest.json中所述的版本號

metamask-extension/app/scripts/metamask-controller.js

/**
 * @file      The central metamask controller. Aggregates other controllers and exports an api.
 * @copyright Copyright (c) 2018 MetaMask
 * @license   MIT
 */

const EventEmitter = require('events')
const pump = require('pump')
const Dnode = require('dnode')
const ObservableStore = require('obs-store')
const ComposableObservableStore = require('./lib/ComposableObservableStore')//一個可觀察存儲，它能夠根據配置組成子存儲的平面結構
const asStream = require('obs-store/lib/asStream')
const AccountTracker = require('./lib/account-tracker')
const RpcEngine = require('json-rpc-engine')
const debounce = require('debounce')
const createEngineStream = require('json-rpc-middleware-stream/engineStream')
const createFilterMiddleware = require('eth-json-rpc-filters')
const createOriginMiddleware = require('./lib/createOriginMiddleware')
const createLoggerMiddleware = require('./lib/createLoggerMiddleware')
const createProviderMiddleware = require('./lib/createProviderMiddleware')
const setupMultiplex = require('./lib/stream-utils.js').setupMultiplex

//other controller
const KeyringController = require('eth-keyring-controller')
const NetworkController = require('./controllers/network')
const PreferencesController = require('./controllers/preferences')
const CurrencyController = require('./controllers/currency')
const NoticeController = require('./notice-controller')
const ShapeShiftController = require('./controllers/shapeshift')
const AddressBookController = require('./controllers/address-book')
const InfuraController = require('./controllers/infura')
const BlacklistController = require('./controllers/blacklist')
const RecentBlocksController = require('./controllers/recent-blocks')
const TransactionController = require('./controllers/transactions') 
const BalancesController = require('./controllers/computed-balances') 
const TokenRatesController = require('./controllers/token-rates') 
const DetectTokensController = require('./controllers/detect-tokens')

const MessageManager = require('./lib/message-manager')
const PersonalMessageManager = require('./lib/personal-message-manager')
const TypedMessageManager = require('./lib/typed-message-manager')const ConfigManager = require('./lib/config-manager')

const nodeify = require('./lib/nodeify')
const accountImporter = require('./account-import-strategies')
const getBuyEthUrl = require('./lib/buy-eth-url')
const Mutex = require('await-semaphore').Mutex
const version = require('../manifest.json').version
const BN = require('ethereumjs-util').BN
const GWEI_BN = new BN('1000000000')
const percentile = require('percentile')
const seedPhraseVerifier = require('./lib/seed-phrase-verifier')
const cleanErrorStack = require('./lib/cleanErrorStack')
const log = require('loglevel')
const TrezorKeyring = require('eth-trezor-keyring')
const LedgerBridgeKeyring = require('eth-ledger-bridge-keyring')

// MetamaskController集成了一些其餘的controller並釋放API
module.exports = class MetamaskController extends EventEmitter {

  /**
   * @constructor
   * @param {Object} opts
   */
   constructor (opts) { //配置全部須要的controller並得到相應的信息，獲得交易信息、store信息等並按上面格式存儲...
    super()

    this.defaultMaxListeners = 20

    this.sendUpdate = debounce(this.privateSendUpdate.bind(this), 200)
    this.opts = opts
    const initState = opts.initState || {}
    this.recordFirstTimeInfo(initState)

    // platform-specific api
    this.platform = opts.platform

    // observable state store
    this.store = new ComposableObservableStore(initState)

    // lock to ensure only one vault created at once，互斥信號量，用於保證一次只有一個vault建立
    this.createVaultMutex = new Mutex()

    // network store
    this.networkController = new NetworkController(initState.NetworkController)

    // config manager
    this.configManager = new ConfigManager({
      store: this.store,
    })

    // preferences controller
    this.preferencesController = new PreferencesController({
      initState: initState.PreferencesController,
      initLangCode: opts.initLangCode,
      network: this.networkController,
    })

    // currency controller
    this.currencyController = new CurrencyController({
      initState: initState.CurrencyController,
    })
    this.currencyController.updateConversionRate()
    this.currencyController.scheduleConversionInterval()

    // infura controller
    this.infuraController = new InfuraController({
      initState: initState.InfuraController,
    })
    this.infuraController.scheduleInfuraNetworkCheck()

    this.blacklistController = new BlacklistController()
    this.blacklistController.scheduleUpdates()

    // rpc provider
    this.provider = this.initializeProvider()
    this.blockTracker = this.provider._blockTracker

    // token exchange rate tracker
    this.tokenRatesController = new TokenRatesController({
      preferences: this.preferencesController.store,
    })

    this.recentBlocksController = new RecentBlocksController({
      blockTracker: this.blockTracker,
      provider: this.provider,
    })

    // account tracker watches balances, nonces, and any code at their address.
    this.accountTracker = new AccountTracker({
      provider: this.provider,
      blockTracker: this.blockTracker,
    })

    // key mgmt
    const additionalKeyrings = [TrezorKeyring, LedgerBridgeKeyring]
    this.keyringController = new KeyringController({
      keyringTypes: additionalKeyrings,
      initState: initState.KeyringController,
      getNetwork: this.networkController.getNetworkState.bind(this.networkController),
      encryptor: opts.encryptor || undefined,
    })

    // If only one account exists, make sure it is selected.
    this.keyringController.memStore.subscribe((state) => {
      const addresses = state.keyrings.reduce((res, keyring) => {
        return res.concat(keyring.accounts)
      }, [])
      if (addresses.length === 1) {
        const address = addresses[0]
        this.preferencesController.setSelectedAddress(address)
      }
      // ensure preferences + identities controller know about all addresses
      this.preferencesController.addAddresses(addresses)
      this.accountTracker.syncWithAddresses(addresses)
    })

    // detect tokens controller
    this.detectTokensController = new DetectTokensController({
      preferences: this.preferencesController,
      network: this.networkController,
      keyringMemStore: this.keyringController.memStore,
    })

    // address book controller
    this.addressBookController = new AddressBookController({
      initState: initState.AddressBookController,
      preferencesStore: this.preferencesController.store,
    })

    // tx mgmt
    this.txController = new TransactionController({
      initState: initState.TransactionController || initState.TransactionManager,
      networkStore: this.networkController.networkStore,
      preferencesStore: this.preferencesController.store,
      txHistoryLimit: 40,
      getNetwork: this.networkController.getNetworkState.bind(this),
      signTransaction: this.keyringController.signTransaction.bind(this.keyringController),
      provider: this.provider,
      blockTracker: this.blockTracker,
      getGasPrice: this.getGasPrice.bind(this),
    })
    this.txController.on('newUnapprovedTx', opts.showUnapprovedTx.bind(opts))

    this.txController.on(`tx:status-update`, (txId, status) => {
      if (status === 'confirmed' || status === 'failed') {
        const txMeta = this.txController.txStateManager.getTx(txId)
        this.platform.showTransactionNotification(txMeta)
      }
    })

    // computed balances (accounting for pending transactions)
    this.balancesController = new BalancesController({
      accountTracker: this.accountTracker,
      txController: this.txController,
      blockTracker: this.blockTracker,
    })
    this.networkController.on('networkDidChange', () => {
      this.balancesController.updateAllBalances()
    })
    this.balancesController.updateAllBalances()

    // notices
    this.noticeController = new NoticeController({
      initState: initState.NoticeController,
      version,
      firstVersion: initState.firstTimeInfo.version,
    })

    this.shapeshiftController = new ShapeShiftController({
      initState: initState.ShapeShiftController,
    })

    this.networkController.lookupNetwork()
    this.messageManager = new MessageManager()
    this.personalMessageManager = new PersonalMessageManager()
    this.typedMessageManager = new TypedMessageManager()
    this.publicConfigStore = this.initPublicConfigStore()

    this.store.updateStructure({
      TransactionController: this.txController.store,
      KeyringController: this.keyringController.store,
      PreferencesController: this.preferencesController.store,
      AddressBookController: this.addressBookController.store,
      CurrencyController: this.currencyController.store,
      NoticeController: this.noticeController.store,
      ShapeShiftController: this.shapeshiftController.store,
      NetworkController: this.networkController.store,
      InfuraController: this.infuraController.store,
    })

    this.memStore = new ComposableObservableStore(null, {
      NetworkController: this.networkController.store,
      AccountTracker: this.accountTracker.store,
      TxController: this.txController.memStore,
      BalancesController: this.balancesController.store,
      TokenRatesController: this.tokenRatesController.store,
      MessageManager: this.messageManager.memStore,
      PersonalMessageManager: this.personalMessageManager.memStore,
      TypesMessageManager: this.typedMessageManager.memStore,
      KeyringController: this.keyringController.memStore,
      PreferencesController: this.preferencesController.store,
      RecentBlocksController: this.recentBlocksController.store,
      AddressBookController: this.addressBookController.store,
      CurrencyController: this.currencyController.store,
      NoticeController: this.noticeController.memStore,
      ShapeshiftController: this.shapeshiftController.store,
      InfuraController: this.infuraController.store,
    })
    this.memStore.subscribe(this.sendUpdate.bind(this))
  }

  /**
   * Constructor helper: initialize a provider.
   */
  initializeProvider () { //初始化provider
    const providerOpts = {
      static: {
        eth_syncing: false,
        web3_clientVersion: `MetaMask/v${version}`,
        eth_sendTransaction: (payload, next, end) => {
          const origin = payload.origin
          const txParams = payload.params[0]
          nodeify(this.txController.newUnapprovedTransaction, this.txController)(txParams, { origin }, end)
        },
      },
      // account mgmt
      getAccounts: (cb) => { 獲得帳戶信息，是否上鎖
        const isUnlocked = this.keyringController.memStore.getState().isUnlocked
        const result = []
        const selectedAddress = this.preferencesController.getSelectedAddress()

        // only show address if account is unlocked
        if (isUnlocked && selectedAddress) { //沒上鎖時才顯示address
          result.push(selectedAddress)
        }
        cb(null, result)
      },
      // tx signing ，沒有簽名的信息
      // old style msg signing
      processMessage: this.newUnsignedMessage.bind(this),
      // personal_sign msg signing
      processPersonalMessage: this.newUnsignedPersonalMessage.bind(this),
      processTypedMessage: this.newUnsignedTypedMessage.bind(this),
    }
    const providerProxy = this.networkController.initializeProvider(providerOpts)
    return providerProxy
  }

  /**
   * Constructor helper: initialize a public config store.
   * This store is used to make some config info available to Dapps synchronously.這個存儲用於同步地爲Dapps提供一些配置信息
   */
  initPublicConfigStore () {
    // get init state
    const publicConfigStore = new ObservableStore()

    // memStore -> transform -> publicConfigStore
    this.on('update', (memState) => {
      this.isClientOpenAndUnlocked = memState.isUnlocked && this._isClientOpen
      const publicState = selectPublicState(memState)
      publicConfigStore.putState(publicState)
    })

    function selectPublicState (memState) {
      const result = {
        selectedAddress: memState.isUnlocked ? memState.selectedAddress : undefined,
        networkVersion: memState.network,
      }
      return result
    }

    return publicConfigStore
  }

//=============================================================================
// EXPOSED TO THE UI SUBSYSTEM 提供兩個暴露給UI的接口
//=============================================================================

  /**
   * The metamask-state of the various controllers, made available to the UI
   *
   * @returns {Object} status
   */
  getState () { //獲得控制器的狀態
    const wallet = this.configManager.getWallet()
    const vault = this.keyringController.store.getState().vault
    const isInitialized = (!!wallet || !!vault)

    return {
      ...{ isInitialized },
      ...this.memStore.getFlatState(),
      ...this.configManager.getConfig(),
      ...{
        lostAccounts: this.configManager.getLostAccounts(),
        seedWords: this.configManager.getSeedWords(),
        forgottenPassword: this.configManager.getPasswordForgotten(),
      },
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns an Object containing API Callback Functions.
   * These functions are the interface for the UI.
   * The API object can be transmitted over a stream with dnode.
   *
   * @returns {Object} Object containing API functions.
   */
  getApi () { //提供了UI上進行操做所要調用的函數的接口，好比在圖形化界面上有一個addToken的按鈕，那麼就會調用下面的addToken api
    const keyringController = this.keyringController
    const preferencesController = this.preferencesController
    const txController = this.txController
    const noticeController = this.noticeController
    const addressBookController = this.addressBookController
    const networkController = this.networkController

    return {
      // etc
      getState: (cb) => cb(null, this.getState()),
      setCurrentCurrency: this.setCurrentCurrency.bind(this),
      setUseBlockie: this.setUseBlockie.bind(this),
      setCurrentLocale: this.setCurrentLocale.bind(this),
      markAccountsFound: this.markAccountsFound.bind(this),
      markPasswordForgotten: this.markPasswordForgotten.bind(this),
      unMarkPasswordForgotten: this.unMarkPasswordForgotten.bind(this),
      getGasPrice: (cb) => cb(null, this.getGasPrice()),

      // coinbase
      buyEth: this.buyEth.bind(this),
      // shapeshift
      createShapeShiftTx: this.createShapeShiftTx.bind(this),

      // primary HD keyring management
      addNewAccount: nodeify(this.addNewAccount, this),
      placeSeedWords: this.placeSeedWords.bind(this),
      verifySeedPhrase: nodeify(this.verifySeedPhrase, this),
      clearSeedWordCache: this.clearSeedWordCache.bind(this),
      resetAccount: nodeify(this.resetAccount, this),
      removeAccount: nodeify(this.removeAccount, this),
      importAccountWithStrategy: nodeify(this.importAccountWithStrategy, this),

      // hardware wallets
      connectHardware: nodeify(this.connectHardware, this),
      forgetDevice: nodeify(this.forgetDevice, this),
      checkHardwareStatus: nodeify(this.checkHardwareStatus, this),
      unlockHardwareWalletAccount: nodeify(this.unlockHardwareWalletAccount, this),

      // vault management
      submitPassword: nodeify(this.submitPassword, this),

      // network management
      setProviderType: nodeify(networkController.setProviderType, networkController),
      setCustomRpc: nodeify(this.setCustomRpc, this),

      // PreferencesController
      setSelectedAddress: nodeify(preferencesController.setSelectedAddress, preferencesController),
      addToken: nodeify(preferencesController.addToken, preferencesController),
      removeToken: nodeify(preferencesController.removeToken, preferencesController),
      setCurrentAccountTab: nodeify(preferencesController.setCurrentAccountTab, preferencesController),
      setAccountLabel: nodeify(preferencesController.setAccountLabel, preferencesController),
      setFeatureFlag: nodeify(preferencesController.setFeatureFlag, preferencesController),

      // AddressController
      setAddressBook: nodeify(addressBookController.setAddressBook, addressBookController),

      // KeyringController
      setLocked: nodeify(keyringController.setLocked, keyringController),
      createNewVaultAndKeychain: nodeify(this.createNewVaultAndKeychain, this),
      createNewVaultAndRestore: nodeify(this.createNewVaultAndRestore, this),
      addNewKeyring: nodeify(keyringController.addNewKeyring, keyringController),
      exportAccount: nodeify(keyringController.exportAccount, keyringController),

      // txController
      cancelTransaction: nodeify(txController.cancelTransaction, txController),
      updateTransaction: nodeify(txController.updateTransaction, txController),
      updateAndApproveTransaction: nodeify(txController.updateAndApproveTransaction, txController),
      retryTransaction: nodeify(this.retryTransaction, this),
      getFilteredTxList: nodeify(txController.getFilteredTxList, txController),
      isNonceTaken: nodeify(txController.isNonceTaken, txController),
      estimateGas: nodeify(this.estimateGas, this),

      // messageManager
      signMessage: nodeify(this.signMessage, this),
      cancelMessage: this.cancelMessage.bind(this),

      // personalMessageManager
      signPersonalMessage: nodeify(this.signPersonalMessage, this),
      cancelPersonalMessage: this.cancelPersonalMessage.bind(this),

      // personalMessageManager
      signTypedMessage: nodeify(this.signTypedMessage, this),
      cancelTypedMessage: this.cancelTypedMessage.bind(this),

      // notices
      checkNotices: noticeController.updateNoticesList.bind(noticeController),
      markNoticeRead: noticeController.markNoticeRead.bind(noticeController),
    }
  }


//=============================================================================
// VAULT / KEYRING RELATED METHODS
//=============================================================================

  /**
   * Creates a new Vault and create a new keychain.
   *
   * A vault, or KeyringController, is a controller that contains 控制器包含了不少不一樣的帳戶策略，該控制器稱爲Keyrings
   * many different account strategies, currently called Keyrings.
   * Creating it new means wiping all previous keyrings. 建立新的控制器即要擦除之前全部的keyrings
   *
   * A keychain, or keyring, controls many accounts with a single backup and signing strategy. keychain或keyring使用一個簡單的恢復和簽名策略來控制帳戶
   * For example, a mnemonic phrase can generate many accounts, and is a keyring. 一個mnemonic可以控制全部在metamask上生成的全部帳戶，這就是一個keyring
   *
   * @param  {string} password
   *
   * @returns {Object} vault
   */
  async createNewVaultAndKeychain (password) {
    const releaseLock = await this.createVaultMutex.acquire()//上鎖
    try {
      let vault
      const accounts = await this.keyringController.getAccounts() //獲得舊的keyringController中的全部帳戶
      if (accounts.length > 0) {//要有帳戶纔有建立新keyringController的意義
        vault = await this.keyringController.fullUpdate() //更新
      } else {//不然就第一次建立
        vault = await this.keyringController.createNewVaultAndKeychain(password)
        const accounts = await this.keyringController.getAccounts()
        this.preferencesController.setAddresses(accounts)
        this.selectFirstIdentity()
      }
      releaseLock()//解鎖
      return vault
    } catch (err) {
      releaseLock()
      throw err
    }
  }

  /**
   * Create a new Vault and restore an existent keyring.
   * @param  {} password
   * @param  {} seed
   */
  async createNewVaultAndRestore (password, seed) {
    const releaseLock = await this.createVaultMutex.acquire() //上鎖
    try {
      // clear known identities
      this.preferencesController.setAddresses([])
      // create new vault
      const vault = await this.keyringController.createNewVaultAndRestore(password, seed)
      // set new identities
      const accounts = await this.keyringController.getAccounts()
      this.preferencesController.setAddresses(accounts)
      this.selectFirstIdentity()
      releaseLock()//解鎖
      return vault
    } catch (err) {
      releaseLock()
      throw err
    }
  }

  /*
   * Submits the user's password and attempts to unlock the vault.
   * Also synchronizes the preferencesController, to ensure its schema
   * is up to date with known accounts once the vault is decrypted.
   *
   * @param {string} password - The user's password
   * @returns {Promise<object>} - The keyringController update.
   */
  async submitPassword (password) { //設置metamask密碼
    await this.keyringController.submitPassword(password)
    const accounts = await this.keyringController.getAccounts()

    // verify keyrings
    const nonSimpleKeyrings = this.keyringController.keyrings.filter(keyring => keyring.type !== 'Simple Key Pair')
    if (nonSimpleKeyrings.length > 1 && this.diagnostics) {
      await this.diagnostics.reportMultipleKeyrings(nonSimpleKeyrings)
    }

    await this.preferencesController.syncAddresses(accounts)
    return this.keyringController.fullUpdate()
  }

  /**
   * @type Identity
   * @property {string} name - The account nickname.
   * @property {string} address - The account's ethereum address, in lower case.
   * @property {boolean} mayBeFauceting - Whether this account is currently
   * receiving funds from our automatic Ropsten faucet.
   */

  /**
   * Sets the first address in the state to the selected address
   */
  selectFirstIdentity () {
    const { identities } = this.preferencesController.store.getState()
    const address = Object.keys(identities)[0]
    this.preferencesController.setSelectedAddress(address)
  }

  //
  // Hardware
  //

  async getKeyringForDevice (deviceName, hdPath = null) { //import account調用的操做
    let keyringName = null
    switch (deviceName) {//使用硬錢包來import account
      case 'trezor': 
        keyringName = TrezorKeyring.type
        break
      case 'ledger':
        keyringName = LedgerBridgeKeyring.type
        break
      default:
        throw new Error('MetamaskController:getKeyringForDevice - Unknown device')
    }
    let keyring = await this.keyringController.getKeyringsByType(keyringName)[0]
    if (!keyring) {
      keyring = await this.keyringController.addNewKeyring(keyringName)
    }
    if (hdPath && keyring.setHdPath) {
      keyring.setHdPath(hdPath)
    }

    keyring.network = this.networkController.getProviderConfig().type

    return keyring

  }

  /**
   * Fetch account list from a trezor device.
   *
   * @returns [] accounts
   */
  async connectHardware (deviceName, page, hdPath) {
    const keyring = await this.getKeyringForDevice(deviceName, hdPath)
    let accounts = []
    switch (page) {
        case -1:
          accounts = await keyring.getPreviousPage()
          break
        case 1:
          accounts = await keyring.getNextPage()
          break
        default:
          accounts = await keyring.getFirstPage()
    }

    // Merge with existing accounts
    // and make sure addresses are not repeated
    const oldAccounts = await this.keyringController.getAccounts()
    const accountsToTrack = [...new Set(oldAccounts.concat(accounts.map(a => a.address.toLowerCase())))]
    this.accountTracker.syncWithAddresses(accountsToTrack)
    return accounts
  }

  /**
   * Check if the device is unlocked
   *
   * @returns {Promise<boolean>}
   */
  async checkHardwareStatus (deviceName, hdPath) {
    const keyring = await this.getKeyringForDevice(deviceName, hdPath)
    return keyring.isUnlocked()
  }

  /**
   * Clear
   *
   * @returns {Promise<boolean>}
   */
  async forgetDevice (deviceName) {

    const keyring = await this.getKeyringForDevice(deviceName)
    keyring.forgetDevice()
    return true
  }

  /**
   * Imports an account from a trezor device.
   *
   * @returns {} keyState
   */
  async unlockHardwareWalletAccount (index, deviceName, hdPath) {
    const keyring = await this.getKeyringForDevice(deviceName, hdPath)

    keyring.setAccountToUnlock(index)
    const oldAccounts = await this.keyringController.getAccounts()
    const keyState = await this.keyringController.addNewAccount(keyring)
    const newAccounts = await this.keyringController.getAccounts()
    this.preferencesController.setAddresses(newAccounts)
    newAccounts.forEach(address => {
      if (!oldAccounts.includes(address)) {
        this.preferencesController.setAccountLabel(address, `${deviceName.toUpperCase()} ${parseInt(index, 10) + 1}`)
        this.preferencesController.setSelectedAddress(address)
      }
    })

    const { identities } = this.preferencesController.store.getState()
    return { ...keyState, identities }
   }


  //
  // Account Management
  //

  /**
   * Adds a new account to the default (first) HD seed phrase Keyring.
   *
   * @returns {} keyState
   */
  async addNewAccount () {
    const primaryKeyring = this.keyringController.getKeyringsByType('HD Key Tree')[0]
    if (!primaryKeyring) {
      throw new Error('MetamaskController - No HD Key Tree found')
    }
    const keyringController = this.keyringController
    const oldAccounts = await keyringController.getAccounts()
    const keyState = await keyringController.addNewAccount(primaryKeyring)
    const newAccounts = await keyringController.getAccounts()

    await this.verifySeedPhrase()

    this.preferencesController.setAddresses(newAccounts)
    newAccounts.forEach((address) => {
      if (!oldAccounts.includes(address)) {
        this.preferencesController.setSelectedAddress(address)
      }
    })

    const {identities} = this.preferencesController.store.getState()
    return {...keyState, identities}
  }

  /**
   * Adds the current vault's seed words to the UI's state tree.
   *
   * Used when creating a first vault, to allow confirmation.
   * Also used when revealing the seed words in the confirmation view.
   *
   * @param {Function} cb - A callback called on completion.
   */
  placeSeedWords (cb) {

    this.verifySeedPhrase()
      .then((seedWords) => {
        this.configManager.setSeedWords(seedWords)
        return cb(null, seedWords)
      })
      .catch((err) => {
        return cb(err)
      })
  }

  /**
   * Verifies the validity of the current vault's seed phrase.
   *
   * Validity: seed phrase restores the accounts belonging to the current vault.
   *
   * Called when the first account is created and on unlocking the vault.
   *
   * @returns {Promise<string>} Seed phrase to be confirmed by the user.
   */
  async verifySeedPhrase () {

    const primaryKeyring = this.keyringController.getKeyringsByType('HD Key Tree')[0]
    if (!primaryKeyring) {
      throw new Error('MetamaskController - No HD Key Tree found')
    }

    const serialized = await primaryKeyring.serialize()
    const seedWords = serialized.mnemonic

    const accounts = await primaryKeyring.getAccounts()
    if (accounts.length < 1) {
      throw new Error('MetamaskController - No accounts found')
    }

    try {
      await seedPhraseVerifier.verifyAccounts(accounts, seedWords)
      return seedWords
    } catch (err) {
      log.error(err.message)
      throw err
    }
  }

  /**
   * Remove the primary account seed phrase from the UI's state tree.
   *
   * The seed phrase remains available in the background process.
   *
   * @param {function} cb Callback function called with the current address.
   */
  clearSeedWordCache (cb) {
    this.configManager.setSeedWords(null)
    cb(null, this.preferencesController.getSelectedAddress())
  }

  /**
   * Clears the transaction history, to allow users to force-reset their nonces.
   * Mostly used in development environments, when networks are restarted with
   * the same network ID.
   *
   * @returns Promise<string> The current selected address.
   */
  async resetAccount () { //刷新帳戶信息，就是清除全部以前的交易信息，通常是開發時這麼作，如ganache重啓時就刷新了全部帳戶信息，全清零
    const selectedAddress = this.preferencesController.getSelectedAddress()
    this.txController.wipeTransactions(selectedAddress)
    this.networkController.resetConnection()

    return selectedAddress
  }

  /**
   * Removes an account from state / storage.
   *
   * @param {string[]} address A hex address
   *
   */
  async removeAccount (address) {//刪除帳戶
    // Remove account from the preferences controller
    this.preferencesController.removeAddress(address)
    // Remove account from the account tracker controller
    this.accountTracker.removeAccount(address)
    // Remove account from the keyring
    await this.keyringController.removeAccount(address)
    return address
  }


  /**
   * Imports an account with the specified import strategy.
   * These are defined in app/scripts/account-import-strategies
   * Each strategy represents a different way of serializing an Ethereum key pair.
   *
   * @param  {string} strategy - A unique identifier for an account import strategy.
   * @param  {any} args - The data required by that strategy to import an account.
   * @param  {Function} cb - A callback function called with a state update on success.
   */
  async importAccountWithStrategy (strategy, args) { //經過私鑰來import account
    const privateKey = await accountImporter.importAccount(strategy, args)
    const keyring = await this.keyringController.addNewKeyring('Simple Key Pair', [ privateKey ])
    const accounts = await keyring.getAccounts()
    // update accounts in preferences controller
    const allAccounts = await this.keyringController.getAccounts()
    this.preferencesController.setAddresses(allAccounts)
    // set new account as selected
    await this.preferencesController.setSelectedAddress(accounts[0])
  }

  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Identity Management (signature operations)

  //下面信息名稱的不一樣只是使用了不一樣的簽名方法 // eth_sign methods:

  /**
   * Called when a Dapp uses the eth_sign method, to request user approval.
   * eth_sign is a pure signature of arbitrary data. It is on a deprecation
   * path, since this data can be a transaction, or can leak private key
   * information.
   *
   * @param {Object} msgParams - The params passed to eth_sign.
   * @param {Function} cb = The callback function called with the signature.
   */
  newUnsignedMessage (msgParams, cb) { //對信息進行簽名來講明用戶的贊成
    const msgId = this.messageManager.addUnapprovedMessage(msgParams)
    this.sendUpdate()
    this.opts.showUnconfirmedMessage()
    this.messageManager.once(`${msgId}:finished`, (data) => {
      switch (data.status) {
        case 'signed':
          return cb(null, data.rawSig)
        case 'rejected':
          return cb(cleanErrorStack(new Error('MetaMask Message Signature: User denied message signature.')))
        default:
          return cb(cleanErrorStack(new Error(`MetaMask Message Signature: Unknown problem: ${JSON.stringify(msgParams)}`)))
      }
    })
  }

  /**
   * Signifies user intent to complete an eth_sign method.
   *
   * @param  {Object} msgParams The params passed to eth_call.
   * @returns {Promise<Object>} Full state update.
   */
  signMessage (msgParams) {
    log.info('MetaMaskController - signMessage')
    const msgId = msgParams.metamaskId

    // sets the status op the message to 'approved'
    // and removes the metamaskId for signing
    return this.messageManager.approveMessage(msgParams)
    .then((cleanMsgParams) => {
      // signs the message
      return this.keyringController.signMessage(cleanMsgParams)
    })
    .then((rawSig) => {
      // tells the listener that the message has been signed
      // and can be returned to the dapp
      this.messageManager.setMsgStatusSigned(msgId, rawSig)
      return this.getState()
    })
  }

  /**
   * Used to cancel a message submitted via eth_sign.
   *
   * @param {string} msgId - The id of the message to cancel.
   */
  cancelMessage (msgId, cb) {
    const messageManager = this.messageManager
    messageManager.rejectMsg(msgId)
    if (cb && typeof cb === 'function') {
      cb(null, this.getState())
    }
  }

  // personal_sign methods:

  /**
   * Called when a dapp uses the personal_sign method.對應PersonalMessage 
   * This is identical to the Geth eth_sign method, and may eventually replace
   * eth_sign.
   *
   * We currently define our eth_sign and personal_sign mostly for legacy Dapps.
   *
   * @param {Object} msgParams - The params of the message to sign & return to the Dapp.
   * @param {Function} cb - The callback function called with the signature.
   * Passed back to the requesting Dapp.
   */
  newUnsignedPersonalMessage (msgParams, cb) {
    if (!msgParams.from) {
      return cb(cleanErrorStack(new Error('MetaMask Message Signature: from field is required.')))
    }

    const msgId = this.personalMessageManager.addUnapprovedMessage(msgParams)
    this.sendUpdate()
    this.opts.showUnconfirmedMessage()
    this.personalMessageManager.once(`${msgId}:finished`, (data) => {
      switch (data.status) {
        case 'signed':
          return cb(null, data.rawSig)
        case 'rejected':
          return cb(cleanErrorStack(new Error('MetaMask Message Signature: User denied message signature.')))
        default:
          return cb(cleanErrorStack(new Error(`MetaMask Message Signature: Unknown problem: ${JSON.stringify(msgParams)}`)))
      }
    })
  }

  /**
   * Signifies a user's approval to sign a personal_sign message in queue.
   * Triggers signing, and the callback function from newUnsignedPersonalMessage.
   *
   * @param {Object} msgParams - The params of the message to sign & return to the Dapp.
   * @returns {Promise<Object>} - A full state update.
   */
  signPersonalMessage (msgParams) {
    log.info('MetaMaskController - signPersonalMessage')
    const msgId = msgParams.metamaskId
    // sets the status op the message to 'approved'
    // and removes the metamaskId for signing
    return this.personalMessageManager.approveMessage(msgParams)
    .then((cleanMsgParams) => {
      // signs the message
      return this.keyringController.signPersonalMessage(cleanMsgParams)
    })
    .then((rawSig) => {
      // tells the listener that the message has been signed
      // and can be returned to the dapp
      this.personalMessageManager.setMsgStatusSigned(msgId, rawSig)
      return this.getState()
    })
  }

  /**
   * Used to cancel a personal_sign type message.
   * @param {string} msgId - The ID of the message to cancel.
   * @param {Function} cb - The callback function called with a full state update.
   */
  cancelPersonalMessage (msgId, cb) {
    const messageManager = this.personalMessageManager
    messageManager.rejectMsg(msgId)
    if (cb && typeof cb === 'function') {
      cb(null, this.getState())
    }
  }

  // eth_signTypedData methods

  /**
   * Called when a dapp uses the eth_signTypedData method, per EIP 712.對結構化數據進行簽名
   *
   * @param {Object} msgParams - The params passed to eth_signTypedData.
   * @param {Function} cb - The callback function, called with the signature.
   */
  newUnsignedTypedMessage (msgParams, cb) {
    let msgId
    try {
      msgId = this.typedMessageManager.addUnapprovedMessage(msgParams)
      this.sendUpdate()
      this.opts.showUnconfirmedMessage()
    } catch (e) {
      return cb(e)
    }

    this.typedMessageManager.once(`${msgId}:finished`, (data) => {
      switch (data.status) {
        case 'signed':
          return cb(null, data.rawSig)
        case 'rejected':
          return cb(cleanErrorStack(new Error('MetaMask Message Signature: User denied message signature.')))
        default:
          return cb(cleanErrorStack(new Error(`MetaMask Message Signature: Unknown problem: ${JSON.stringify(msgParams)}`)))
      }
    })
  }

  /**
   * The method for a user approving a call to eth_signTypedData, per EIP 712.
   * Triggers the callback in newUnsignedTypedMessage.
   *
   * @param  {Object} msgParams - The params passed to eth_signTypedData.
   * @returns {Object} Full state update.
   */
  signTypedMessage (msgParams) {
    log.info('MetaMaskController - signTypedMessage')
    const msgId = msgParams.metamaskId
    // sets the status op the message to 'approved'
    // and removes the metamaskId for signing
    return this.typedMessageManager.approveMessage(msgParams)
      .then((cleanMsgParams) => {
        // signs the message
        return this.keyringController.signTypedMessage(cleanMsgParams)
      })
      .then((rawSig) => {
        // tells the listener that the message has been signed
        // and can be returned to the dapp
        this.typedMessageManager.setMsgStatusSigned(msgId, rawSig)
        return this.getState()
      })
  }

  /**
   * Used to cancel a eth_signTypedData type message.
   * @param {string} msgId - The ID of the message to cancel.
   * @param {Function} cb - The callback function called with a full state update.
   */
  cancelTypedMessage (msgId, cb) {
    const messageManager = this.typedMessageManager
    messageManager.rejectMsg(msgId)
    if (cb && typeof cb === 'function') {
      cb(null, this.getState())
    }
  }

  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // MetaMask Version 3 Migration Account Restauration Methods

  /**
   * A legacy method (probably dead code) that was used when we swapped out our
   * key management library that we depended on.
   *
   * Described in:
   * https://medium.com/metamask/metamask-3-migration-guide-914b79533cdd
   *
   * @deprecated
   * @param  {} migratorOutput
   */
  restoreOldVaultAccounts (migratorOutput) {
    const { serialized } = migratorOutput
    return this.keyringController.restoreKeyring(serialized)
    .then(() => migratorOutput)
  }

  /**
   * A legacy method used to record user confirmation that they understand
   * that some of their accounts have been recovered but should be backed up.
   *
   * @deprecated
   * @param {Function} cb - A callback function called with a full state update.
   */
  markAccountsFound (cb) {
    this.configManager.setLostAccounts([])
    this.sendUpdate()
    cb(null, this.getState())
  }

  /**
   * A legacy method (probably dead code) that was used when we swapped out our
   * key management library that we depended on.
   *
   * Described in:
   * https://medium.com/metamask/metamask-3-migration-guide-914b79533cdd
   *
   * @deprecated
   * @param  {} migratorOutput
   */
  restoreOldLostAccounts (migratorOutput) {
    const { lostAccounts } = migratorOutput
    if (lostAccounts) {
      this.configManager.setLostAccounts(lostAccounts.map(acct => acct.address))
      return this.importLostAccounts(migratorOutput)
    }
    return Promise.resolve(migratorOutput)
  }

  /**
   * An account object
   * @typedef Account
   * @property string privateKey - The private key of the account.
   */

  /**
   * Probably no longer needed, related to the Version 3 migration.
   * Imports a hash of accounts to private keys into the vault.
   *
   * Described in:
   * https://medium.com/metamask/metamask-3-migration-guide-914b79533cdd
   *
   * Uses the array's private keys to create a new Simple Key Pair keychain
   * and add it to the keyring controller.
   * @deprecated
   * @param  {Account[]} lostAccounts -
   * @returns {Keyring[]} An array of the restored keyrings.
   */
  importLostAccounts ({ lostAccounts }) {
    const privKeys = lostAccounts.map(acct => acct.privateKey)
    return this.keyringController.restoreKeyring({
      type: 'Simple Key Pair',
      data: privKeys,
    })
  }

//=============================================================================
// END (VAULT / KEYRING RELATED METHODS)
//=============================================================================

  /**
   * Allows a user to try to speed up a transaction by retrying it 重試交易，使用更高的gas來加快其被記上區塊的速度
   * with higher gas.
   *
   * @param {string} txId - The ID of the transaction to speed up.
   * @param {Function} cb - The callback function called with a full state update.
   */
  async retryTransaction (txId, cb) {
    await this.txController.retryTransaction(txId)
    const state = await this.getState()
    return state
  }

  estimateGas (estimateGasParams) {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      return this.txController.txGasUtil.query.estimateGas(estimateGasParams, (err, res) => {
        if (err) {
          return reject(err)
        }

        return resolve(res)
      })
    })
  }

//=============================================================================
// PASSWORD MANAGEMENT 密碼管理
//=============================================================================

  /**
   * Allows a user to begin the seed phrase recovery process.
   * @param {Function} cb - A callback function called when complete.
   */
  markPasswordForgotten (cb) { //可使用seed phrase
    this.configManager.setPasswordForgotten(true)
    this.sendUpdate()
    cb() //調用一個本身輸入的回調函數cb來進行操做
  }

  /**
   * Allows a user to end the seed phrase recovery process.
   * @param {Function} cb - A callback function called when complete.
   */
  unMarkPasswordForgotten (cb) {
    this.configManager.setPasswordForgotten(false)
    this.sendUpdate()
    cb()
  }

//=============================================================================
// SETUP
//=============================================================================

  /**
   * Used to create a multiplexed stream for connecting to an untrusted context
   * like a Dapp or other extension.
   * @param {*} connectionStream - The Duplex stream to connect to.
   * @param {string} originDomain - The domain requesting the stream, which
   * may trigger a blacklist reload.
   */
  setupUntrustedCommunication (connectionStream, originDomain) {//這個就好比是訪問網站cryptokitties時，經過其跳轉鏈接
    // Check if new connection is blacklisted
    if (this.blacklistController.checkForPhishing(originDomain)) {//先查看這個鏈接是否安全
      log.debug('MetaMask - sending phishing warning for', originDomain)
      this.sendPhishingWarning(connectionStream, originDomain)
      return
    }

    // setup multiplexing
    const mux = setupMultiplex(connectionStream)
    // connect features
    this.setupProviderConnection(mux.createStream('provider'), originDomain)
    this.setupPublicConfig(mux.createStream('publicConfig'))
  }

  /**
   * Used to create a multiplexed stream for connecting to a trusted context,
   * like our own user interfaces, which have the provider APIs, but also
   * receive the exported API from this controller, which includes trusted
   * functions, like the ability to approve transactions or sign messages.
   *
   * @param {*} connectionStream - The duplex stream to connect to.
   * @param {string} originDomain - The domain requesting the connection,
   * used in logging and error reporting.
   */
  setupTrustedCommunication (connectionStream, originDomain) {//從咱們用戶本身的接口連進來的就是可信賴的，就是直接從本身本地瀏覽器連上
    // setup multiplexing
    const mux = setupMultiplex(connectionStream)
    // connect features
    this.setupControllerConnection(mux.createStream('controller'))
    this.setupProviderConnection(mux.createStream('provider'), originDomain)
  }

  /**
   * Called when we detect a suspicious domain. Requests the browser redirects
   * to our anti-phishing page.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} connectionStream - The duplex stream to the per-page script,
   * for sending the reload attempt to.
   * @param {string} hostname - The URL that triggered the suspicion.
   */
  sendPhishingWarning (connectionStream, hostname) {
    const mux = setupMultiplex(connectionStream)
    const phishingStream = mux.createStream('phishing')
    phishingStream.write({ hostname })
  }

  /**
   * A method for providing our API over a stream using Dnode.
   * @param {*} outStream - The stream to provide our API over.
   */
  setupControllerConnection (outStream) {
    const api = this.getApi()
    const dnode = Dnode(api)
    pump(
      outStream,
      dnode,
      outStream,
      (err) => {
        if (err) log.error(err)
      }
    )
    dnode.on('remote', (remote) => {
      // push updates to popup
      const sendUpdate = remote.sendUpdate.bind(remote)
      this.on('update', sendUpdate)
    })
  }

  /**
   * A method for serving our ethereum provider over a given stream.
   * @param {*} outStream - The stream to provide over.
   * @param {string} origin - The URI of the requesting resource.
   */
  setupProviderConnection (outStream, origin) {
    // setup json rpc engine stack
    const engine = new RpcEngine()

    // create filter polyfill middleware
    const filterMiddleware = createFilterMiddleware({
      provider: this.provider,
      blockTracker: this.provider._blockTracker,
    })

    engine.push(createOriginMiddleware({ origin }))
    engine.push(createLoggerMiddleware({ origin }))
    engine.push(filterMiddleware)
    engine.push(createProviderMiddleware({ provider: this.provider }))

    // setup connection
    const providerStream = createEngineStream({ engine })
    pump(
      outStream,
      providerStream,
      outStream,
      (err) => {
        // cleanup filter polyfill middleware
        filterMiddleware.destroy()
        if (err) log.error(err)
      }
    )
  }

  /**
   * A method for providing our public config info over a stream.
   * This includes info we like to be synchronous if possible, like
   * the current selected account, and network ID.
   *
   * Since synchronous methods have been deprecated in web3,
   * this is a good candidate for deprecation.
   *
   * @param {*} outStream - The stream to provide public config over.
   */
  setupPublicConfig (outStream) {
    pump(
      asStream(this.publicConfigStore),
      outStream,
      (err) => {
        if (err) log.error(err)
      }
    )
  }

  /**
   * A method for emitting the full MetaMask state to all registered listeners.
   * @private
   */
  privateSendUpdate () {
    this.emit('update', this.getState())
  }

  /**
   * A method for estimating a good gas price at recent prices.
   * Returns the lowest price that would have been included in
   * 50% of recent blocks.
   *
   * @returns {string} A hex representation of the suggested wei gas price.
   */
  getGasPrice () {
    const { recentBlocksController } = this
    const { recentBlocks } = recentBlocksController.store.getState()

    // Return 1 gwei if no blocks have been observed:
    if (recentBlocks.length === 0) {
      return '0x' + GWEI_BN.toString(16)
    }

    const lowestPrices = recentBlocks.map((block) => {
      if (!block.gasPrices || block.gasPrices.length < 1) {
        return GWEI_BN
      }
      return block.gasPrices
      .map(hexPrefix => hexPrefix.substr(2))
      .map(hex => new BN(hex, 16))
      .sort((a, b) => {
        return a.gt(b) ? 1 : -1
      })[0]
    })
    .map(number => number.div(GWEI_BN).toNumber())

    const percentileNum = percentile(50, lowestPrices)
    const percentileNumBn = new BN(percentileNum)
    return '0x' + percentileNumBn.mul(GWEI_BN).toString(16)
  }

//=============================================================================
// CONFIG
//=============================================================================

  // Log blocks

  /**
   * A method for setting the user's preferred display currency.
   * @param {string} currencyCode - The code of the preferred currency.
   * @param {Function} cb - A callback function returning currency info.
   */
  setCurrentCurrency (currencyCode, cb) {
    try {
      this.currencyController.setCurrentCurrency(currencyCode)
      this.currencyController.updateConversionRate()
      const data = {
        conversionRate: this.currencyController.getConversionRate(),
        currentCurrency: this.currencyController.getCurrentCurrency(),
        conversionDate: this.currencyController.getConversionDate(),
      }
      cb(null, data)
    } catch (err) {
      cb(err)
    }
  }

  /**
   * A method for forwarding the user to the easiest way to obtain ether,
   * or the network "gas" currency, for the current selected network.
   *
   * @param {string} address - The address to fund.
   * @param {string} amount - The amount of ether desired, as a base 10 string.
   */
  buyEth (address, amount) {
    if (!amount) amount = '5'
    const network = this.networkController.getNetworkState()
    const url = getBuyEthUrl({ network, address, amount })
    if (url) this.platform.openWindow({ url })
  }

  /**
   * A method for triggering a shapeshift currency transfer.
   * @param {string} depositAddress - The address to deposit to.
   * @property {string} depositType - An abbreviation of the type of crypto currency to be deposited.
   */
  createShapeShiftTx (depositAddress, depositType) {
    this.shapeshiftController.createShapeShiftTx(depositAddress, depositType)
  }

  // network

  /**
   * A method for selecting a custom URL for an ethereum RPC provider.
   * @param {string} rpcTarget - A URL for a valid Ethereum RPC API.
   * @returns {Promise<String>} - The RPC Target URL confirmed.
   */
  async setCustomRpc (rpcTarget) {
    this.networkController.setRpcTarget(rpcTarget)
    await this.preferencesController.updateFrequentRpcList(rpcTarget)
    return rpcTarget
  }

  /**
   * Sets whether or not to use the blockie identicon format.
   * @param {boolean} val - True for bockie, false for jazzicon.
   * @param {Function} cb - A callback function called when complete.
   */
  setUseBlockie (val, cb) {
    try {
      this.preferencesController.setUseBlockie(val)
      cb(null)
    } catch (err) {
      cb(err)
    }
  }

  /**
   * A method for setting a user's current locale, affecting the language rendered.
   * @param {string} key - Locale identifier.
   * @param {Function} cb - A callback function called when complete.
   */
  setCurrentLocale (key, cb) {
    try {
      this.preferencesController.setCurrentLocale(key)
      cb(null)
    } catch (err) {
      cb(err)
    }
  }

  /**
   * A method for initializing storage the first time.
   * @param {Object} initState - The default state to initialize with.
   * @private
   */
  recordFirstTimeInfo (initState) {
    if (!('firstTimeInfo' in initState)) {
      initState.firstTimeInfo = {
        version,
        date: Date.now(),
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * A method for recording whether the MetaMask user interface is open or not.
   * @private
   * @param {boolean} open
   */
  set isClientOpen (open) {
    this._isClientOpen = open
    this.isClientOpenAndUnlocked = this.getState().isUnlocked && open
    this.detectTokensController.isOpen = open
  }

  /**
   * A method for activating the retrieval of price data,
   * which should only be fetched when the UI is visible.
   * @private
   * @param {boolean} active - True if price data should be getting fetched.
   */
  set isClientOpenAndUnlocked (active) {
    this.tokenRatesController.isActive = active
  }
}

 

須要額外瞭解的：

什麼是dnode:

 https://github.com/substack/dnode

尚未看，以後看後再繼續添加該內容