一,概述node
SCSI最初是一種專門爲小型計算機系統設計的I/O技術,但因爲其架構和協議自身的優勢,後被普遍應用於實現DAS以及SAN的底層技術。linux
SCSI的定義:後端
SCSI: Small Computer System Interfacebash
SCSI是一種I/O技術服務器
SCSI規範了一種並行的I/O總線和相關的協議網絡
SCSI的數據傳輸是以塊的方式進行的session
SCSI的特色:架構
設備無關性app
多設備並行ide
高帶寬
低系統開銷
SCSI總線:
SCSI總線是SCSI設備之間傳輸數據的通路
SCSI總線又被稱做SCSI通道
SCSI終結器:
SCSI終結器位於SCSI總線的末端,用來減少相互影響的信號,維持SCSI鏈上的電壓恆定
SCSI鏈的最後一個SCSI設備須要使用終結器
SCSI鏈上的中間設備是不須要使用終結器的
SCSI控制器:
SCSI總線經過SCSI控制器來和硬盤之類的設備進行通訊
SCSI控制器邏輯上可分爲一個任務管理單元和多個邏輯單元(LU)
SCSI ID:
一個獨立的SCSI總線按照規格不一樣能夠支持8或16個SCSI設備,設備的編號須要經過SCSI ID來進行控制,系統中每一個SCSI設備都必須有本身惟一的SCSI ID,SCSI ID實際上就是這些設備的地址,窄SCSI總線最多容許8個、寬SCSI總線最多容許16個不一樣的SCSI設備和它進行鏈接。
LUN:
LUN(Logical Unit Number,邏輯單元號)是爲了使用和描述更多設備及對象而引進的一個方法,每一個SCSI ID上最多有32個LUN,一個LUN對應一個邏輯設備。
SCSI鏈接示意圖:
SCSI通訊模式:
二,linux下ISCSI的實現:
ISCSI 是基於TCP/IP傳輸封裝的SCSI數據包的塊級別的共享,其也爲C/S架構模型,服務器端提供客戶端所須要的存儲設備,客戶端只須要進行掛載就能夠將其看成本身主機上的存儲設備進行分區、格式話使用。
實現ISCSI須要的2個角色:
iSCSI target(server)
存儲資源所在的iSCSI服務器被稱爲「target」。iSCSI target一般是一個硬盤存儲設備。當前大部分的主流操做系統都提供了配合iSCSI target使用的客戶端軟件initiator。
iSCSI initiator(client)
initiator就是iSCSI傳輸的服務端。典型的initiator都有共同的目的,就是做爲一個SCSI總線的適配器,代替物理上的SCSI設備(相似硬盤或者磁帶)。iSCSI initiator經過IP網絡傳輸SCSI命令。
實驗環境
192.168.30.115 CentOS 6.4 x86_64 target server
192.168.30.116 CentOS 6.4 x86_64 initiator client
192.168.30.117 CentOS 6.4 x86_64 initiator client
首先在target server上安裝scsi-target-utils
[root@tgtd ~]# yum -y install scsi-target-utils [root@tgtd ~]# cp /etc/tgt/targets.conf /etc/tgt/targets.conf.bak
編輯target配置文件,定義target
[root@tgtd ~]# vi /etc/tgt/targets.conf # 添加以下內容 <target iqn.2014-04.com.luojianlong:target1> backing-store /dev/sdb initiator-address 192.168.30.0/24 incominguser luojianlong mypass </target> [root@tgtd ~]# service tgtd restart
backing-store:指定後端要共享的磁盤編號
initiator-address:受權客戶端訪問的網絡地址
incominguser:設置登陸用戶的帳號密碼
啓動target並查看
[root@tgtd ~]# tgtadm -L iscsi -m target -o show Target 1: iqn.2014-04.com.luojianlong:target1 System information: Driver: iscsi State: ready I_T nexus information: LUN information: LUN: 0 Type: controller SCSI ID: IET 00010000 SCSI SN: beaf10 Size: 0 MB, Block size: 1 Online: Yes Removable media: No Prevent removal: No Readonly: No Backing store type: null Backing store path: None Backing store flags: LUN: 1 Type: disk SCSI ID: IET 00010001 SCSI SN: beaf11 Size: 2048 MB, Block size: 512 Online: Yes Removable media: No Prevent removal: No Readonly: No Backing store type: rdwr Backing store path: /dev/sdb Backing store flags: Account information: luojianlong ACL information: 192.168.30.0/24
看到新生成的target 1,和自動建立的LUN 1,以及建立的用戶認證信息
登陸客戶端,安裝scsi-initiator-utils
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install iscsi-initiator-utils
修改客戶端配置文件:
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/iscsi/iscsid.conf # 啓用以下幾項 node.session.auth.authmethod = CHAP node.session.auth.username = luojianlong node.session.auth.password = mypass [root@localhost ~]# service iscsid restart
在客戶端使用iscsiadm工具發現設備
[root@localhost ~]# iscsiadm -m discovery -t st -p 192.168.30.119 192.168.30.119:3260,1 iqn.2014-04.com.luojianlong:target1 [root@localhost ~]# iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2014-04.com.luojianlong:target1 -p 192.168.30.119:3260 -l Logging in to [iface: default, target: iqn.2014-04.com.luojianlong:target1, portal: 192.168.30.119,3260] (multiple) Login to [iface: default, target: iqn.2014-04.com.luojianlong:target1, portal: 192.168.30.119,3260] successful.
iscsiadm的命令彙總:
發現iscsi存儲:iscsiadm -m discovery -t st -p ISCSI_IP
查看iscsi發現記錄: iscsiadm -m node
刪除iscsi發現記錄 iscsiadm -m node -o delete -T LUN_NAME -p ISCSI_IP
登陸iscsi存儲 iscsiadm -m node -T LUN_NAME -p ISCSI_IP -l
登出iscsi存儲 iscsiadm -m node -T LUN_NAME -p ISCSI_IP -u
刪除此前登陸生成的數據:
rm -rf /var/lib/iscsi/node/*
rm -rf -rf /var/lib/iscsi/send_targets/*
測試設備是否可用
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sd[a-z] Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000b12a1 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 64 3917 30944256 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes 67 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1009 cylinders Units = cylinders of 4154 * 512 = 2126848 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 [root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xd498549c. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): Value out of range. Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-1009, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1009, default 1009): +1G Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes 67 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1009 cylinders Units = cylinders of 4154 * 512 = 2126848 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xd498549c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 506 1050931 83 Linux Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. [root@localhost ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 65808 inodes, 262732 blocks 13136 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=272629760 9 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 7312 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (8192 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 36 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/ [root@localhost ~]# cp /etc/fstab /mnt/ [root@localhost ~]# cd /mnt/ [root@localhost mnt]# ls fstab lost+found [root@localhost mnt]# cat fstab # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Thu Jan 9 23:01:31 2014 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=db4bad23-32a8-44a6-bdee-1585ce9e13ac /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
注意:同一個iscsi設備分區不能同時讓不一樣客戶端同時寫入數據,不然數據文件會崩潰。