最近的項目須要實現一個 Android 手機之間無網絡傳輸文件的功能,就發現了 **Wifi P2P(Wifi點對點)**這麼一個功能,最後也實現了經過 Wifi 隔空傳輸文件 的功能,這裏我也來整理下代碼,分享給你們。java
Wifi P2P 是在 Android 4.0 以及更高版本系統中加入的功能,經過 Wifi P2P 能夠在不鏈接網絡的狀況下,直接與配對的設備進行數據交換。相對於藍牙,Wifi P2P 的搜索速度和傳輸速度更快,傳輸距離更遠android
項目主頁:Android 實現無網絡傳輸文件 ,歡迎 stargit
實現的效果以下所示:github
通常而言,開發步驟分爲如下幾點:服務器
Wifi P2P 技術並不會訪問網絡,但因爲會使用到 Java Socket,因此須要申請網絡權限。此外,因爲是要實現文件互傳,因此也須要申請SD卡讀寫權限。網絡
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
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與 Wifi P2P 相關的廣播有如下幾個:併發
當接收到這幾個廣播時,咱們都須要到 WifiP2pManager (對等網絡管理器)來進行相應的信息請求,此外還須要用到 Channel 對象做爲請求參數app
mWifiP2pManager = (WifiP2pManager) getSystemService(Context.WIFI_P2P_SERVICE);
mChannel = mWifiP2pManager.initialize(this, getMainLooper(), this);
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當收到 WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION 廣播時,能夠判斷當前 Wifi P2P是否可用異步
int state = intent.getIntExtra(WifiP2pManager.EXTRA_WIFI_STATE, -1);
if (state == WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_STATE_ENABLED) {
mDirectActionListener.wifiP2pEnabled(true);
} else {
mDirectActionListener.wifiP2pEnabled(false);
}
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當收到 WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION 廣播時,意味設備周圍的可用設備列表發生了變化,能夠經過 requestPeers 方法獲得可用的設備列表,以後就能夠選擇當中的某一個設備進行鏈接操做socket
mWifiP2pManager.requestPeers(mChannel, new WifiP2pManager.PeerListListener() {
@Override
public void onPeersAvailable(WifiP2pDeviceList peers) {
mDirectActionListener.onPeersAvailable(peers.getDeviceList());
}
});
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當收到 WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION 廣播時,意味着 Wifi P2P 的鏈接狀態發生了變化,多是鏈接到了某設備,或者是與某設備斷開了鏈接
NetworkInfo networkInfo = intent.getParcelableExtra(WifiP2pManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO);
if (networkInfo.isConnected()) {
mWifiP2pManager.requestConnectionInfo(mChannel, new WifiP2pManager.ConnectionInfoListener() {
@Override
public void onConnectionInfoAvailable(WifiP2pInfo info) {
mDirectActionListener.onConnectionInfoAvailable(info);
}
});
Log.e(TAG, "已鏈接p2p設備");
} else {
mDirectActionListener.onDisconnection();
Log.e(TAG, "與p2p設備已斷開鏈接");
}
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若是是與某設備鏈接上了,則能夠經過 requestConnectionInfo 方法獲取到鏈接信息
當收到 WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_THIS_DEVICE_CHANGED_ACTION 廣播時,則能夠獲取到本設備變化後的設備信息
(WifiP2pDevice) intent.getParcelableExtra(WifiP2pManager.EXTRA_WIFI_P2P_DEVICE)
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能夠看出 Wifi P2P 的接口高度異步化,到如今已經用到了三個系統的回調函數,一個用於 WifiP2pManager 的初始化,兩個用於在廣播中異步請求數據,爲了簡化操做,此處統一使用一個自定義的回調函數,方法含義與系統的回調函數一致
public interface DirectActionListener extends WifiP2pManager.ChannelListener {
void wifiP2pEnabled(boolean enabled);
void onConnectionInfoAvailable(WifiP2pInfo wifiP2pInfo);
void onDisconnection();
void onSelfDeviceAvailable(WifiP2pDevice wifiP2pDevice);
void onPeersAvailable(Collection<WifiP2pDevice> wifiP2pDeviceList);
}
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因此,整個廣播接收器使用到的全部代碼是:
/** * 做者:leavesC * 時間:2019/2/27 23:58 * 描述: * GitHub:https://github.com/leavesC * Blog:https://www.jianshu.com/u/9df45b87cfdf */
public class DirectBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
private static final String TAG = "DirectBroadcastReceiver";
private WifiP2pManager mWifiP2pManager;
private WifiP2pManager.Channel mChannel;
private DirectActionListener mDirectActionListener;
public DirectBroadcastReceiver(WifiP2pManager wifiP2pManager, WifiP2pManager.Channel channel, DirectActionListener directActionListener) {
mWifiP2pManager = wifiP2pManager;
mChannel = channel;
mDirectActionListener = directActionListener;
}
public static IntentFilter getIntentFilter() {
IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
intentFilter.addAction(WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
intentFilter.addAction(WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION);
intentFilter.addAction(WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION);
intentFilter.addAction(WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_THIS_DEVICE_CHANGED_ACTION);
return intentFilter;
}
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Log.e(TAG, "接收到廣播: " + intent.getAction());
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(intent.getAction())) {
switch (intent.getAction()) {
// 用於指示 Wifi P2P 是否可用
case WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION: {
int state = intent.getIntExtra(WifiP2pManager.EXTRA_WIFI_STATE, -1);
if (state == WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_STATE_ENABLED) {
mDirectActionListener.wifiP2pEnabled(true);
} else {
mDirectActionListener.wifiP2pEnabled(false);
List<WifiP2pDevice> wifiP2pDeviceList = new ArrayList<>();
mDirectActionListener.onPeersAvailable(wifiP2pDeviceList);
}
break;
}
// 對等節點列表發生了變化
case WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION: {
mWifiP2pManager.requestPeers(mChannel, new WifiP2pManager.PeerListListener() {
@Override
public void onPeersAvailable(WifiP2pDeviceList peers) {
mDirectActionListener.onPeersAvailable(peers.getDeviceList());
}
});
break;
}
// Wifi P2P 的鏈接狀態發生了改變
case WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION: {
NetworkInfo networkInfo = intent.getParcelableExtra(WifiP2pManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO);
if (networkInfo.isConnected()) {
mWifiP2pManager.requestConnectionInfo(mChannel, new WifiP2pManager.ConnectionInfoListener() {
@Override
public void onConnectionInfoAvailable(WifiP2pInfo info) {
mDirectActionListener.onConnectionInfoAvailable(info);
}
});
Log.e(TAG, "已鏈接p2p設備");
} else {
mDirectActionListener.onDisconnection();
Log.e(TAG, "與p2p設備已斷開鏈接");
}
break;
}
//本設備的設備信息發生了變化
case WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_THIS_DEVICE_CHANGED_ACTION: {
mDirectActionListener.onSelfDeviceAvailable((WifiP2pDevice) intent.getParcelableExtra(WifiP2pManager.EXTRA_WIFI_P2P_DEVICE));
break;
}
}
}
}
}
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假設當設備A搜索到了設備B,並與設備B鏈接到了一塊兒,此時系統會自動建立一個羣組(Group)並隨機指定一臺設備爲羣主(GroupOwner)。此時,對於兩臺設備來講,羣主的IP地址是可知的(系統回調函數中有提供),但客戶端的IP地址須要再來經過其餘方法來主動獲取。例如,能夠在設備鏈接成功後,客戶端主動發起對服務器端的Socket鏈接請求,服務器端在指定端口監聽客戶端的鏈接請求,當鏈接成功後,服務器端就能夠獲取到客戶端的IP地址了 此處爲了簡化操做,直接指定某臺設備做爲服務器端(羣主),即直接指定某臺設備用來接收文件
所以,服務器端要主動建立羣組,並等待客戶端的鏈接
wifiP2pManager.createGroup(channel, new WifiP2pManager.ActionListener() {
@Override
public void onSuccess() {
Log.e(TAG, "createGroup onSuccess");
dismissLoadingDialog();
showToast("onSuccess");
}
@Override
public void onFailure(int reason) {
Log.e(TAG, "createGroup onFailure: " + reason);
dismissLoadingDialog();
showToast("onFailure");
}
});
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此處,使用 IntentService 在後臺監聽客戶端的 Socket 鏈接請求,並經過輸入輸出流來傳輸文件。此處的代碼比較簡單,就只是在指定端口一直堵塞監聽客戶端的鏈接請求,獲取待傳輸的文件信息模型 FileTransfer ,以後就進行實際的數據傳輸
@Override
protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
clean();
File file = null;
try {
serverSocket = new ServerSocket();
serverSocket.setReuseAddress(true);
serverSocket.bind(new InetSocketAddress(PORT));
Socket client = serverSocket.accept();
Log.e(TAG, "客戶端IP地址 : " + client.getInetAddress().getHostAddress());
inputStream = client.getInputStream();
objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(inputStream);
FileTransfer fileTransfer = (FileTransfer) objectInputStream.readObject();
Log.e(TAG, "待接收的文件: " + fileTransfer);
String name = new File(fileTransfer.getFilePath()).getName();
//將文件存儲至指定位置
file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + name);
fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(file);
byte buf[] = new byte[512];
int len;
long total = 0;
int progress;
while ((len = inputStream.read(buf)) != -1) {
fileOutputStream.write(buf, 0, len);
total += len;
progress = (int) ((total * 100) / fileTransfer.getFileLength());
Log.e(TAG, "文件接收進度: " + progress);
if (progressChangListener != null) {
progressChangListener.onProgressChanged(fileTransfer, progress);
}
}
serverSocket.close();
inputStream.close();
objectInputStream.close();
fileOutputStream.close();
serverSocket = null;
inputStream = null;
objectInputStream = null;
fileOutputStream = null;
Log.e(TAG, "文件接收成功,文件的MD5碼是:" + Md5Util.getMd5(file));
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.e(TAG, "文件接收 Exception: " + e.getMessage());
} finally {
clean();
if (progressChangListener != null) {
progressChangListener.onTransferFinished(file);
}
//再次啓動服務,等待客戶端下次鏈接
startService(new Intent(this, WifiServerService.class));
}
}
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由於客戶端可能會屢次發起鏈接請求,因此當此處文件傳輸完成後(無論成功或失敗),都須要從新 startService ,讓服務再次堵塞等待客戶端的鏈接請求
FileTransfer 包含三個字段,MD5碼值用於校驗文件的完整性,fileLength 是爲了用於計算文件的傳輸進度
public class FileTransfer implements Serializable {
//文件路徑
private String filePath;
//文件大小
private long fileLength;
//MD5碼
private String md5;
···
}
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爲了將文件傳輸進度發佈到外部界面,因此除了須要啓動Service外,界面還須要綁定Service,此處就須要用到一個更新文件傳輸狀態的接口
public interface OnProgressChangListener {
//當傳輸進度發生變化時
void onProgressChanged(FileTransfer fileTransfer, int progress);
//當傳輸結束時
void onTransferFinished(File file);
}
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所以,須要將 progressChangListener 做爲參數傳給 WifiServerService ,並在進度變化時更新進度對話框
private WifiServerService.OnProgressChangListener progressChangListener = new WifiServerService.OnProgressChangListener() {
@Override
public void onProgressChanged(final FileTransfer fileTransfer, final int progress) {
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
progressDialog.setMessage("文件名: " + new File(fileTransfer.getFilePath()).getName());
progressDialog.setProgress(progress);
progressDialog.show();
}
});
}
@Override
public void onTransferFinished(final File file) {
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
progressDialog.cancel();
if (file != null && file.exists()) {
openFile(file.getPath());
}
}
});
}
};
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文件發送界面 SendFileActivity 須要實現 DirectActionListener 接口 首先,須要先註冊P2P廣播,以便獲取周邊設備信息以及鏈接狀態
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_send_file);
initView();
mWifiP2pManager = (WifiP2pManager) getSystemService(Context.WIFI_P2P_SERVICE);
mChannel = mWifiP2pManager.initialize(this, getMainLooper(), this);
broadcastReceiver = new DirectBroadcastReceiver(mWifiP2pManager, mChannel, this);
registerReceiver(broadcastReceiver, DirectBroadcastReceiver.getIntentFilter());
}
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經過 discoverPeers 方法搜索周邊設備,回調函數用於通知方法是否調用成功
mWifiP2pManager.discoverPeers(mChannel, new WifiP2pManager.ActionListener() {
@Override
public void onSuccess() {
showToast("Success");
}
@Override
public void onFailure(int reasonCode) {
showToast("Failure");
loadingDialog.cancel();
}
});
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當搜索結束後,系統就會觸發 WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION 廣播,此時就能夠調用 requestPeers 方法獲取設備列表信息,此處用 RecyclerView 展現列表,在 onPeersAvailable 方法刷新列表
mWifiP2pManager.requestPeers(mChannel, new WifiP2pManager.PeerListListener() {
@Override
public void onPeersAvailable(WifiP2pDeviceList peers) {
mDirectActionListener.onPeersAvailable(peers.getDeviceList());
}
});
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@Override
public void onPeersAvailable(Collection<WifiP2pDevice> wifiP2pDeviceList) {
Log.e(TAG, "onPeersAvailable :" + wifiP2pDeviceList.size());
this.wifiP2pDeviceList.clear();
this.wifiP2pDeviceList.addAll(wifiP2pDeviceList);
deviceAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
loadingDialog.cancel();
}
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以後,經過點擊事件選中羣主(服務器端)設備,經過 connect 方法請求與之進行鏈接
private void connect() {
WifiP2pConfig config = new WifiP2pConfig();
if (config.deviceAddress != null && mWifiP2pDevice != null) {
config.deviceAddress = mWifiP2pDevice.deviceAddress;
config.wps.setup = WpsInfo.PBC;
showLoadingDialog("正在鏈接 " + mWifiP2pDevice.deviceName);
mWifiP2pManager.connect(mChannel, config, new WifiP2pManager.ActionListener() {
@Override
public void onSuccess() {
Log.e(TAG, "connect onSuccess");
}
@Override
public void onFailure(int reason) {
showToast("鏈接失敗 " + reason);
dismissLoadingDialog();
}
});
}
}
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此處依然沒法經過函數函數來判斷鏈接結果,須要依靠系統發出的 WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION 方法來獲取到鏈接結果,在此處能夠經過 requestConnectionInfo 獲取到組鏈接信息,信息最後經過 onConnectionInfoAvailable 方法傳遞出來,在此能夠判斷當前設備是否爲羣主,獲取羣組IP地址
@Override
public void onConnectionInfoAvailable(WifiP2pInfo wifiP2pInfo) {
dismissLoadingDialog();
wifiP2pDeviceList.clear();
deviceAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
btn_disconnect.setEnabled(true);
btn_chooseFile.setEnabled(true);
Log.e(TAG, "onConnectionInfoAvailable");
Log.e(TAG, "onConnectionInfoAvailable groupFormed: " + wifiP2pInfo.groupFormed);
Log.e(TAG, "onConnectionInfoAvailable isGroupOwner: " + wifiP2pInfo.isGroupOwner);
Log.e(TAG, "onConnectionInfoAvailable getHostAddress: " + wifiP2pInfo.groupOwnerAddress.getHostAddress());
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
if (mWifiP2pDevice != null) {
stringBuilder.append("鏈接的設備名:");
stringBuilder.append(mWifiP2pDevice.deviceName);
stringBuilder.append("\n");
stringBuilder.append("鏈接的設備的地址:");
stringBuilder.append(mWifiP2pDevice.deviceAddress);
}
stringBuilder.append("\n");
stringBuilder.append("是否羣主:");
stringBuilder.append(wifiP2pInfo.isGroupOwner ? "是羣主" : "非羣主");
stringBuilder.append("\n");
stringBuilder.append("羣主IP地址:");
stringBuilder.append(wifiP2pInfo.groupOwnerAddress.getHostAddress());
tv_status.setText(stringBuilder);
if (wifiP2pInfo.groupFormed && !wifiP2pInfo.isGroupOwner) {
this.wifiP2pInfo = wifiP2pInfo;
}
}
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至此服務器端和客戶端已經經過 Wifi P2P 鏈接在了一塊兒,客戶端也獲取到了服務器端的IP地址,在選取好待發送的文件後就能夠主動發起對服務器端的鏈接請求了 發起選取文件的方法
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
intent.setType("*/*");
intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);
startActivityForResult(intent, 1);
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獲取選取的文件的實際路徑
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
if (requestCode == 1) {
if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
Uri uri = data.getData();
if (uri != null) {
String path = getPath(this, uri);
if (path != null) {
File file = new File(path);
if (file.exists() && wifiP2pInfo != null) {
FileTransfer fileTransfer = new FileTransfer(file.getPath(), file.length());
Log.e(TAG, "待發送的文件:" + fileTransfer);
new WifiClientTask(this, fileTransfer).execute(wifiP2pInfo.groupOwnerAddress.getHostAddress());
}
}
}
}
}
}
private String getPath(Context context, Uri uri) {
if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, new String[]{"_data"}, null, null, null);
if (cursor != null) {
if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
String data = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("_data"));
cursor.close();
return data;
}
}
} else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
return uri.getPath();
}
return null;
}
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文件的發送操做放到 AsyncTask 中處理,將服務器端的IP地址做爲參數傳進來,在正式發送文件前,先發送包含文件信息(文件名,文件大小,文件MD5碼)的信息模型 FileTransfer ,並在發送文件的過程當中同時更新進度
/** * 做者:leavesC * 時間:2019/2/27 23:56 * 描述:客戶端發送文件 * GitHub:https://github.com/leavesC * Blog:https://www.jianshu.com/u/9df45b87cfdf */
public class WifiClientTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, Boolean> {
private ProgressDialog progressDialog;
private FileTransfer fileTransfer;
private static final int PORT = 4786;
private static final String TAG = "WifiClientTask";
public WifiClientTask(Context context, FileTransfer fileTransfer) {
this.fileTransfer = fileTransfer;
progressDialog = new ProgressDialog(context);
progressDialog.setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_HORIZONTAL);
progressDialog.setCancelable(false);
progressDialog.setCanceledOnTouchOutside(false);
progressDialog.setTitle("正在發送文件");
progressDialog.setMax(100);
}
@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
progressDialog.show();
}
@Override
protected Boolean doInBackground(String... strings) {
fileTransfer.setMd5(Md5Util.getMd5(new File(fileTransfer.getFilePath())));
Log.e(TAG, "文件的MD5碼值是:" + fileTransfer.getMd5());
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream outputStream = null;
ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = null;
InputStream inputStream = null;
try {
socket = new Socket();
socket.bind(null);
socket.connect((new InetSocketAddress(strings[0], PORT)), 10000);
outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(outputStream);
objectOutputStream.writeObject(fileTransfer);
inputStream = new FileInputStream(new File(fileTransfer.getFilePath()));
long fileSize = fileTransfer.getFileLength();
long total = 0;
byte buf[] = new byte[512];
int len;
while ((len = inputStream.read(buf)) != -1) {
outputStream.write(buf, 0, len);
total += len;
int progress = (int) ((total * 100) / fileSize);
publishProgress(progress);
Log.e(TAG, "文件發送進度:" + progress);
}
outputStream.close();
objectOutputStream.close();
inputStream.close();
socket.close();
outputStream = null;
objectOutputStream = null;
inputStream = null;
socket = null;
Log.e(TAG, "文件發送成功");
return true;
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.e(TAG, "文件發送異常 Exception: " + e.getMessage());
} finally {
if (outputStream != null) {
try {
outputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (objectOutputStream != null) {
try {
objectOutputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (inputStream != null) {
try {
inputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return false;
}
@Override
protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {
progressDialog.setProgress(values[0]);
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(Boolean aBoolean) {
progressDialog.cancel();
Log.e(TAG, "onPostExecute: " + aBoolean);
}
}
複製代碼
傳輸文件的完整性主要是經過計算文件的MD5碼值來保證了,在發送文件前,即在 WifiClientTask 的 doInBackground 方法中進行計算,將MD5碼值賦給 FileTransfer 模型,經過以下方法計算獲得
/** * 做者:leavesC * 時間:2019/2/27 23:57 * 描述: * GitHub:https://github.com/leavesC * Blog:https://www.jianshu.com/u/9df45b87cfdf */
public class Md5Util {
public static String getMd5(File file) {
InputStream inputStream = null;
byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
int numRead;
MessageDigest md5;
try {
inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
while ((numRead = inputStream.read(buffer)) > 0) {
md5.update(buffer, 0, numRead);
}
inputStream.close();
inputStream = null;
return md5ToString(md5.digest());
} catch (Exception e) {
return null;
} finally {
if (inputStream != null) {
try {
inputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
private static String md5ToString(byte[] md5Bytes) {
StringBuilder hexValue = new StringBuilder();
for (byte b : md5Bytes) {
int val = ((int) b) & 0xff;
if (val < 16) {
hexValue.append("0");
}
hexValue.append(Integer.toHexString(val));
}
return hexValue.toString();
}
}
複製代碼
由於客戶端會將 FileTransfer 傳給服務器端,因此服務器端在文件傳輸結束後,能夠從新計算文件的 MD5碼值,進行對比以判斷文件是否完整