linux下mysql5.6安裝

一、下載tar包

https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.6/mysql-5.6.27-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

二、解壓

$tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.27-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

三、將解壓包放到mysql目錄

$mv mysql-5.6.27-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

四、添加mysql用戶組和mysql用戶

$groupadd mysql

$useradd -r -g mysql mysql

-g：指定用戶所屬的羣組。值可使組名也能夠是GID。用戶組必須已經存在的，期默認值爲100，即users

-r：創建系統帳號。

五、配置my.cnf

這裏將mysql的data文件放到/data下，因此需新增文件夾：

/data/mysql/data  、/data/mysql/binlog/ 、/data/mysql/ibdata 、/data/mysql/log 

對應的配置文件以下：

[client]
port            = 3306
socket          = /data/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
port            = 3306
socket          = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
basedir =  /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/data
character_set_server = utf8
pid-file = /data/mysql/mysql.pid

# SAFETY #
back_log = 300
skip-name-resolve
max_connections = 5000
max_user_connections = 4000
max_connect_errors = 999999999999999
wait_timeout = 30
interactive_timeout = 30
table_open_cache = 5000
external-locking = false

# CACHES AND LIMITS #
max_allowed_packet = 32M
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_heap_table_size = 8M
read_buffer_size = 4M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
sort_buffer_size = 4M
join_buffer_size = 8M
thread_cache_size = 300
thread_concurrency = 4
query_cache_type = 0
query_cache_size = 0
query_cache_min_res_unit = 4K
query_cache_limit = 1M
ft_min_word_len = 4
default-storage-engine = innodb
thread_stack = 512K
transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
tmp_table_size = 8M
server-id = 247
#replicate-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-wild-ignore-table = mysql.%
#slave-skip-errors=all
slave-skip-errors=1054,1062
symbolic-links = 0

# BINARY LOGGING #
log-bin=/data/mysql/binlog/mysql-bin
relay_log=/data/mysql/binlog/mysql-relay-bin
relay_log_index=/data/mysql/binlog/mysql-relay-bin.index
relay_log_info_file=/data/mysql/binlog/relay-log.info 

binlog_format=mixed
expire_logs_days = 1

# LOGGING #
slow_query_log
long_query_time = 2
key_buffer_size = 8M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
# MyISAM #
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 8M
myisam_repair_threads = 1

# INNODB #
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M;ibdata2:10M:autoextend
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql/ibdata
innodb_write_io_threads = 2
innodb_read_io_threads = 2
innodb_thread_concurrency = 4
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql/log
innodb_io_capacity = 2000
innodb_adaptive_flushing=1
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 40
innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 30

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 8M
write_buffer = 8M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
[mysqld_safe]
open-files-limit = 40960

六、安裝mysql數據庫

$cd /usr/local/mysql

#修改當前目錄擁有者爲mysql
$chown -R mysql:mysql ./

#執行安裝數據庫命令
$/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data/ --user=mysql --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf

#從新修改目前擁有者爲root
$chown -R root:root ./

七、啓動mysql並添加開機啓動mysql服務

#開機初始化
$cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql  

#啓動mysql
$service mysql start  
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

注：若是啓動時報錯：Starting MySQL.. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file

$vi /data/mysql/data/VM_0_17_centos.err  查看錯誤信息，發現錯誤信息：

130728  6:50:14 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
InnoDB: mmap(137363456 bytes) failed; errno 12
130728  6:50:14 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
130728  6:50:14 InnoDB: Fatal error: cannot allocate memory for the buffer pool

那就是你服務器內存不足致使（個人服務器才1G內存，上面配置文件innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M，free了下發現mysql自己吃了700M內存，可以使用內存才70M左右），解決方案有2種：

方法一、設置swap分區，即所謂的虛擬內存

$dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=1024 #添加一個交換文件，還有一種時添加交換分區
$mkswap /swapfile  #設置交換文件
$swapon /swapfile  #啓用交換文件

$vi /etc/fstab
寫入/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0 #寫入/etc/fstab,以便在引導時啓用

#swapoff  #刪除交換分區，並從 /etc/fstab 中刪除項目

#free下查看是否添加ok
$free

注：若是你有多個分區，能夠將swap設置到交換分區中

方法二、修改/etc/my.cnf配置，減少配置，以減小內存佔用

主要改下如下幾個配置值：

max_connections = 200

table_open_cache = 1000

table_definition_cache = 700

performance_schema_max_table_instances = 500

最後配置文件以下：

[client]
port            = 3306
socket          = /data/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
port            = 3306
socket          = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
basedir =  /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/data
character_set_server = utf8
pid-file = /data/mysql/mysql.pid

# SAFETY #
back_log = 100
skip-name-resolve
max_connections = 200
max_user_connections = 4000
max_connect_errors = 999999999999999
wait_timeout = 30
interactive_timeout = 30
table_open_cache = 1000
external-locking = false
table_definition_cache = 700
performance_schema_max_table_instances = 500

# CACHES AND LIMITS #
max_allowed_packet = 32M
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_heap_table_size = 4M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
join_buffer_size = 4M
thread_cache_size = 150
thread_concurrency = 2
query_cache_type = 0
query_cache_size = 0
query_cache_min_res_unit = 4K
query_cache_limit = 1M
ft_min_word_len = 4
default-storage-engine = innodb
thread_stack = 512K
transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
tmp_table_size = 8M
server-id = 247
#replicate-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-wild-ignore-table = mysql.%
#slave-skip-errors=all
slave-skip-errors=1054,1062
symbolic-links = 0

# BINARY LOGGING #
log-bin=/data/mysql/binlog/mysql-bin
relay_log=/data/mysql/binlog/mysql-relay-bin
relay_log_index=/data/mysql/binlog/mysql-relay-bin.index
relay_log_info_file=/data/mysql/binlog/relay-log.info

binlog_format=mixed
expire_logs_days = 1

# LOGGING #
slow_query_log
long_query_time = 2
key_buffer_size = 8M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
# MyISAM #
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 8M
myisam_repair_threads = 1

# INNODB #
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 64M
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M;ibdata2:10M:autoextend
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql/ibdata
innodb_write_io_threads = 2
innodb_read_io_threads = 2
innodb_thread_concurrency = 4
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql/log
innodb_io_capacity = 2000
innodb_adaptive_flushing=1
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 40
innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 30

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 8M
write_buffer = 8M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
[mysqld_safe]
open-files-limit = 40960

注：

一、若是內存不大（1G內）玩mysql5.6以上版本，按默認配置的話機器會很吃力，因此你們若是隻是本身玩玩或實際對數據庫不會有太多壓力的話，能夠減少相應配置來下降mysql對內存的佔用，知足實際需求才是王道，畢竟殺雞用牛刀也仍是蠻心疼的。

二、也能夠將mysql下降到5.5之內，或關閉innodb，但這樣作的話，不是很明智的選擇。還有一個不差錢的好選擇就是專門再買個mysql服務器！

-------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------

• 數據庫設置

一、設置mysql軟鏈接

$ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin

二、密碼設置，默認狀況root密碼爲空

$./bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'root'  #/usr/local/mysql/

爲了安全mysql會限制在命令行修改，可登錄到mysql命令行模式下修改：

mysql> use mysql;  
mysql> UPDATE user SET password=password("root") WHERE user='root';     
mysql> flush privileges;  
mysql> exit;

好了，這時候你就能夠對它隨心所欲了！