當你從遠程倉庫克隆時,實際上Git自動把本地的
master
分支和遠程的master
分支對應起來了,而且,遠程倉庫的默認名稱是origin
。git要查看遠程庫的信息,用
git remote
:github$ git remote origin或者,用
git remote -v
顯示更詳細的信息:ide$ git remote -v origin git@github.com:michaelliao/learngit.git (fetch) origin git@github.com:michaelliao/learngit.git (push)上面顯示了能夠抓取和推送的
origin
的地址。若是沒有推送權限,就看不到push的地址。fetch推送分支
推送分支,就是把該分支上的全部本地提交推送到遠程庫。推送時,要指定本地分支,這樣,Git就會把該分支推送到遠程庫對應的遠程分支上:this
$ git push origin master若是要推送其餘分支,好比
dev
,就改爲:spa$ git push origin dev可是,並非必定要把本地分支往遠程推送,那麼,哪些分支須要推送,哪些不須要呢?code
master
分支是主分支,所以要時刻與遠程同步;orm
dev
分支是開發分支,團隊全部成員都須要在上面工做,因此也須要與遠程同步;ipbug分支只用於在本地修復bug,就不必推到遠程了,除非老闆要看看你每週到底修復了幾個bug;utf-8
feature分支是否推到遠程,取決於你是否和你的小夥伴合做在上面開發。
總之,就是在Git中,分支徹底能夠在本地本身藏着玩,是否推送,視你的心情而定!
抓取分支
多人協做時,你們都會往
master
和dev
分支上推送各自的修改。如今,模擬一個你的小夥伴,能夠在另外一臺電腦(注意要把SSH Key添加到GitHub)或者同一臺電腦的另外一個目錄下克隆:
$ git clone git@github.com:michaelliao/learngit.git Cloning into 'learngit'... remote: Counting objects: 46, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (26/26), done. remote: Total 46 (delta 16), reused 45 (delta 15) Receiving objects: 100% (46/46), 15.69 KiB | 6 KiB/s, done. Resolving deltas: 100% (16/16), done.當你的小夥伴從遠程庫clone時,默認狀況下,你的小夥伴只能看到本地的
master
分支。不信能夠用git branch
命令看看:$ git branch * master如今,你的小夥伴要在
dev
分支上開發,就必須建立遠程origin
的dev
分支到本地,因而他用這個命令建立本地dev
分支:$ git checkout -b dev origin/dev如今,他就能夠在
dev
上繼續修改,而後,時不時地把dev
分支push
到遠程:$ git commit -m "add /usr/bin/env" [dev 291bea8] add /usr/bin/env 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) $ git push origin dev Counting objects: 5, done. Delta compression using up to 4 threads. Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done. Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 349 bytes, done. Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0) To git@github.com:michaelliao/learngit.git fc38031..291bea8 dev -> dev你的小夥伴已經向
origin/dev
分支推送了他的提交,而碰巧你也對一樣的文件做了修改,並試圖推送:$ git add hello.py $ git commit -m "add coding: utf-8" [dev bd6ae48] add coding: utf-8 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) $ git push origin dev To git@github.com:michaelliao/learngit.git ! [rejected] dev -> dev (non-fast-forward) error: failed to push some refs to 'git@github.com:michaelliao/learngit.git' hint: Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind hint: its remote counterpart. Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') hint: before pushing again. hint: See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.推送失敗,由於你的小夥伴的最新提交和你試圖推送的提交有衝突,解決辦法也很簡單,Git已經提示咱們,先用
git pull
把最新的提交從origin/dev
抓下來,而後,在本地合併,解決衝突,再推送:$ git pull remote: Counting objects: 5, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done. remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 3 (delta 0) Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done. From github.com:michaelliao/learngit fc38031..291bea8 dev -> origin/dev There is no tracking information for the current branch. Please specify which branch you want to merge with. See git-pull(1) for details git pull <remote> <branch> If you wish to set tracking information for this branch you can do so with: git branch --set-upstream dev origin/<branch>
git pull
也失敗了,緣由是沒有指定本地dev
分支與遠程origin/dev
分支的連接,根據提示,設置dev
和origin/dev
的連接:$ git branch --set-upstream dev origin/dev Branch dev set up to track remote branch dev from origin.再pull:
$ git pull Auto-merging hello.py CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in hello.py Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.這回
git pull
成功,可是合併有衝突,須要手動解決,解決的方法和分支管理中的解決衝突徹底同樣。解決後,提交,再push:$ git commit -m "merge & fix hello.py" [dev adca45d] merge & fix hello.py $ git push origin dev Counting objects: 10, done. Delta compression using up to 4 threads. Compressing objects: 100% (5/5), done. Writing objects: 100% (6/6), 747 bytes, done. Total 6 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0) To git@github.com:michaelliao/learngit.git 291bea8..adca45d dev -> dev所以,多人協做的工做模式一般是這樣:
首先,能夠試圖用
git push origin branch-name
推送本身的修改;若是推送失敗,則由於遠程分支比你的本地更新,須要先用
git pull
試圖合併;若是合併有衝突,則解決衝突,並在本地提交;
沒有衝突或者解決掉衝突後,再用
git push origin branch-name
推送就能成功!若是
git pull
提示「no tracking information」,則說明本地分支和遠程分支的連接關係沒有建立,用命令git branch --set-upstream branch-name origin/branch-name
。這就是多人協做的工做模式,一旦熟悉了,就很是簡單。
小結
查看遠程庫信息,使用
git remote -v
;本地新建的分支若是不推送到遠程,對其餘人就是不可見的;
從本地推送分支,使用
git push origin branch-name
,若是推送失敗,先用git pull
抓取遠程的新提交;在本地建立和遠程分支對應的分支,使用
git checkout -b branch-name origin/branch-name
,本地和遠程分支的名稱最好一致;創建本地分支和遠程分支的關聯,使用
git branch --set-upstream branch-name origin/branch-name
;從遠程抓取分支,使用
git pull
,若是有衝突,要先處理衝突。