Java IO : 流,以及適配器模式的應用

Java IO : 流,以及適配器模式的應用html

適配器實際上是分爲對象適配器和類適配器兩種,兩種的工做原理不太同樣。java

對象適配器是使用組合的方法,在Adapter中會保留一個原對象(Adaptee)的引用,適配器的實現就是講Target中的方法委派給Adaptee對象來作,用Adaptee中的方法實現Target中的方法。數組

這種類型的好處就是,Adpater只須要實現Target中的方法就行了。ide

與對象適配器不一樣的是,類適配器是經過類的繼承來實現的。Adpater直接繼承了Target和Adaptee中的全部方法,並進行改寫,從而實現了Target中的方法。this

以上摘自 http://design-patterns.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/structural_patterns/adapter.html編碼

以ByteArrayInputStream爲例,ByteArrayInputStream是一個基於對象的適配器,以下所示,.net

public
class ByteArrayInputStream extends InputStream {

    /**
     * An array of bytes that was provided
     * by the creator of the stream.
     */
    protected byte buf[];

    /**
     * The index of the next character to read from the input stream buffer.
     */
    protected int pos;

    protected int mark = 0;

    protected int count;
   
    public ByteArrayInputStream(byte buf[]) {
        this.buf = buf;
        this.pos = 0;
        this.count = buf.length;
    }

    public ByteArrayInputStream(byte buf[], int offset, int length) {
        this.buf = buf;
        this.pos = offset;
        this.count = Math.min(offset + length, buf.length);
        this.mark = offset;
    }

    public synchronized int read() {
        return (pos < count) ? (buf[pos++] & 0xff) : -1;
    }
  
    public synchronized int read(byte b[], int off, int len) {
        if (b == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException();
        } else if (off < 0 || len < 0 || len > b.length - off) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
        }

        if (pos >= count) {
            return -1;
        }

        int avail = count - pos;
        if (len > avail) {
            len = avail;
        }
        if (len <= 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        System.arraycopy(buf, pos, b, off, len);
        pos += len;
        return len;
    }

    public synchronized long skip(long n) {
        long k = count - pos;
        if (n < k) {
            k = n < 0 ? 0 : n;
        }

        pos += k;
        return k;
    }

    public synchronized int available() {
        return count - pos;
    }
  
    public boolean markSupported() {
        return true;
    }

    public void mark(int readAheadLimit) {
        mark = pos;
    }

    public synchronized void reset() {
        pos = mark;
    }

    public void close() throws IOException {
    }

}

ByteArrayInputStream 內部維護了一個 byte buf[] 數組,經過繼承 InputStream 的方法適配了對 buf[]  的讀取。翻譯

StringBufferInputStream繼承了InputStream類型,同時持有一個對 String 對象的引用,將 String 對象適配成InputStream類型的對象的適配器模式。code

從byte流到char流的適配htm

在java語言的標準庫 java I/O 裏面,有一個InputStreamReader類叫作橋樑(bridge)類。InputStreamReader是從byte流到char流的一個橋樑,它讀入byte數據並根據指定的編碼將之翻譯成char數據。 InputStreamReader雖然叫「橋樑」,但它不爽橋樑模式,是適配器模式的應用。 InputStreamReader InputStreamReader是從byte輸入流到char輸入流的一個適配器。下圖所示就是InputStreamReader 的結構

/**
 * An InputStreamReader is a bridge from byte streams to character streams: It
 * reads bytes and decodes them into characters using a specified {@link
 * java.nio.charset.Charset <code>charset</code>}.  
 */
public class InputStreamReader extends Reader {

    private final StreamDecoder sd;

    public InputStreamReader(InputStream in) {
        super(in);
        try {
            sd = StreamDecoder.forInputStreamReader(in, this, (String)null); // ## check lock object
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            // The default encoding should always be available
            throw new Error(e);
        }
    }

    public InputStreamReader(InputStream in, String charsetName)
        throws UnsupportedEncodingException
    {
        super(in);
        if (charsetName == null)
            throw new NullPointerException("charsetName");
        sd = StreamDecoder.forInputStreamReader(in, this, charsetName);
    }

    public InputStreamReader(InputStream in, Charset cs) {
        super(in);
        if (cs == null)
            throw new NullPointerException("charset");
        sd = StreamDecoder.forInputStreamReader(in, this, cs);
    }

    public InputStreamReader(InputStream in, CharsetDecoder dec) {
        super(in);
        if (dec == null)
            throw new NullPointerException("charset decoder");
        sd = StreamDecoder.forInputStreamReader(in, this, dec);
    }

    public String getEncoding() {
        return sd.getEncoding();
    }

    public int read() throws IOException {
        return sd.read();
    }

    public int read(char cbuf[], int offset, int length) throws IOException {
        return sd.read(cbuf, offset, length);
    }

    public boolean ready() throws IOException {
        return sd.ready();
    }

    public void close() throws IOException {
        sd.close();
    }
}

爲了說明適配器類InputStreamReader是如何使用,請看下面例子。Echo類能夠將控制檯輸入的任何字符串重新打印出來,源代碼以下:

public class Echo {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        String line;
        InputStreamReader input = new InputStreamReader(System.in);
        System.out.println("Enter data and push enter:");
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(input);
        line = reader.readLine();
        System.out.println("Data entered :" + line);
    }

}

能夠看出,這個類接受一個類型爲inputStream的System.in對象,將之適配成Reader類型,而後再使用 
BufferedReader類「裝飾」它,將緩衝功能加上去。這樣一來,就能夠使用BufferedReader對象的readerLine() 方法讀入整行的輸入數據,數據類型是String。 

參考:https://my.oschina.net/gao0516/blog/136103

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