前面已經講過zuul在application.yml裏配置路由規則,將用戶請求分發至不一樣微服務的例子。java
zuul做爲一個網關,是用戶請求的入口,擔當鑑權、轉發的重任,理應保持高可用性和具有動態配置的能力。web
我畫了一個實際中可能使用的配置框架,如圖。spring
當用戶發起請求後,首先經過併發能力強、能承擔更多用戶請求的負載均衡器進行第一步的負載均衡,將大量的請求分發至多個網關服務。這是分佈式的第一步。若是是使用docker的話,而且使用rancher進行docker管理,那麼能夠很簡單的使用rancher自帶的負載均衡,建立HaProxy,將請求分發至多個Zuul的docker容器。使用多個zuul的緣由便是避免單點故障,因爲網關很是重要,儘可能配置多個實例。docker
而後在Zuul網關中,執行完自定義的網關職責後,將請求轉發至另外一個HaProxy負載的微服務集羣,一樣是避免微服務單點故障和性能瓶頸。數據庫
最後由具體的微服務處理用戶請求並返回結果。api
那麼爲何要設置zuul的動態配置呢,由於網關其特殊性,咱們不但願它重啓再加載新的配置,並且若是能實時動態配置,咱們就能夠完成無感知的微服務遷移替換,在某種程度還能夠完成服務降級的功能。併發
zuul的動態配置也很簡單,這裏咱們參考http://blog.csdn.net/u013815546/article/details/68944039 並使用他的方法,從數據庫讀取配置信息,刷新配置。app
看實現類負載均衡
配置文件裏咱們能夠不配置zuul的任何路由,所有交給數據庫配置。框架
import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.RefreshableRouteLocator; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.SimpleRouteLocator; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.ZuulProperties; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate; import org.springframework.util.StringUtils; import java.util.LinkedHashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; public class CustomRouteLocator extends SimpleRouteLocator implements RefreshableRouteLocator { public final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomRouteLocator.class); private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; private ZuulProperties properties; public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) { this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate; } public CustomRouteLocator(String servletPath, ZuulProperties properties) { super(servletPath, properties); this.properties = properties; logger.info("servletPath:{}", servletPath); } //父類已經提供了這個方法,這裏寫出來只是爲了說明這一個方法很重要!!! // @Override // protected void doRefresh() { // super.doRefresh(); // } @Override public void refresh() { doRefresh(); } @Override protected Map<String, ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute> locateRoutes() { LinkedHashMap<String, ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute> routesMap = new LinkedHashMap<>(); //從application.properties中加載路由信息 routesMap.putAll(super.locateRoutes()); //從db中加載路由信息 routesMap.putAll(locateRoutesFromDB()); //優化一下配置 LinkedHashMap<String, ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute> values = new LinkedHashMap<>(); for (Map.Entry<String, ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute> entry : routesMap.entrySet()) { String path = entry.getKey(); // Prepend with slash if not already present. if (!path.startsWith("/")) { path = "/" + path; } if (StringUtils.hasText(this.properties.getPrefix())) { path = this.properties.getPrefix() + path; if (!path.startsWith("/")) { path = "/" + path; } } values.put(path, entry.getValue()); } return values; } private Map<String, ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute> locateRoutesFromDB() { Map<String, ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute> routes = new LinkedHashMap<>(); List<ZuulRouteVO> results = jdbcTemplate.query("select * from gateway_api_define where enabled = true ", new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(ZuulRouteVO.class)); for (ZuulRouteVO result : results) { if (StringUtils.isEmpty(result.getPath()) ) { continue; } if (StringUtils.isEmpty(result.getServiceId()) && StringUtils.isEmpty(result.getUrl())) { continue; } ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute zuulRoute = new ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute(); try { BeanUtils.copyProperties(result, zuulRoute); } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("=============load zuul route info from db with error==============", e); } routes.put(zuulRoute.getPath(), zuulRoute); } return routes; } public static class ZuulRouteVO { /** * The ID of the route (the same as its map key by default). */ private String id; /** * The path (pattern) for the route, e.g. /foo/**. */ private String path; /** * The service ID (if any) to map to this route. You can specify a physical URL or * a service, but not both. */ private String serviceId; /** * A full physical URL to map to the route. An alternative is to use a service ID * and service discovery to find the physical address. */ private String url; /** * Flag to determine whether the prefix for this route (the path, minus pattern * patcher) should be stripped before forwarding. */ private boolean stripPrefix = true; /** * Flag to indicate that this route should be retryable (if supported). Generally * retry requires a service ID and ribbon. */ private Boolean retryable; private Boolean enabled; public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public String getPath() { return path; } public void setPath(String path) { this.path = path; } public String getServiceId() { return serviceId; } public void setServiceId(String serviceId) { this.serviceId = serviceId; } public String getUrl() { return url; } public void setUrl(String url) { this.url = url; } public boolean isStripPrefix() { return stripPrefix; } public void setStripPrefix(boolean stripPrefix) { this.stripPrefix = stripPrefix; } public Boolean getRetryable() { return retryable; } public void setRetryable(Boolean retryable) { this.retryable = retryable; } public Boolean getEnabled() { return enabled; } public void setEnabled(Boolean enabled) { this.enabled = enabled; } } }
package com.tianyalei.testzuul.config; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ServerProperties; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.ZuulProperties; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate; @Configuration public class CustomZuulConfig { @Autowired ZuulProperties zuulProperties; @Autowired ServerProperties server; @Autowired JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; @Bean public CustomRouteLocator routeLocator() { CustomRouteLocator routeLocator = new CustomRouteLocator(this.server.getServletPrefix(), this.zuulProperties); routeLocator.setJdbcTemplate(jdbcTemplate); return routeLocator; } }
下面的config類功能就是使用自定義的RouteLocator類,上面的類就是這個自定義類。
裏面主要是一個方法,locateRoutes方法,該方法就是zuul設置路由規則的地方,在方法裏作了2件事,一是從application.yml讀取配置的路由信息,二是從數據庫裏讀取路由信息,因此數據庫裏須要一個各字段和ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute同樣的表,存儲路由信息,從數據庫讀取後添加到系統的Map<String, ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute>中。
在實際的路由中,zuul就是按照Map<String, ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute>裏的信息進行路由轉發的。
建表語句:
create table `gateway_api_define` ( `id` varchar(50) not null, `path` varchar(255) not null, `service_id` varchar(50) default null, `url` varchar(255) default null, `retryable` tinyint(1) default null, `enabled` tinyint(1) not null, `strip_prefix` int(11) default null, `api_name` varchar(255) default null, primary key (`id`) ) engine=innodb default charset=utf8 INSERT INTO gateway_api_define (id, path, service_id, retryable, strip_prefix, url, enabled) VALUES ('user', '/user/**', null,0,1, 'http://localhost:8081', 1); INSERT INTO gateway_api_define (id, path, service_id, retryable, strip_prefix, url, enabled) VALUES ('club', '/club/**', null,0,1, 'http://localhost:8090', 1);
經過上面的兩個類,再結合前面幾篇講過的zuul的使用,就能夠自行測試一下在數據庫裏配置的信息可否在zuul中生效了。
數據庫裏的各字段分別對應本來在yml裏配置的同名屬性,如path,service_id,url等,等於把配置文件存到數據庫裏。
至於修改數據庫值信息後(增刪改),讓zuul動態生效須要藉助於下面的方法
package com.tianyalei.testzuul.config; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.RoutesRefreshedEvent; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.RouteLocator; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisher; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service public class RefreshRouteService { @Autowired ApplicationEventPublisher publisher; @Autowired RouteLocator routeLocator; public void refreshRoute() { RoutesRefreshedEvent routesRefreshedEvent = new RoutesRefreshedEvent(routeLocator); publisher.publishEvent(routesRefreshedEvent); } }
能夠定義一個Controller,在Controller裏調用refreshRoute方法便可,zuul就會從新加載一遍路由信息,完成刷新功能。經過修改數據庫,而後刷新,經測試是正常的。
@RestController public class RefreshController { @Autowired RefreshRouteService refreshRouteService; @Autowired ZuulHandlerMapping zuulHandlerMapping; @GetMapping("/refreshRoute") public String refresh() { refreshRouteService.refreshRoute(); return "refresh success"; } @RequestMapping("/watchRoute") public Object watchNowRoute() { //能夠用debug模式看裏面具體是什麼 Map<String, Object> handlerMap = zuulHandlerMapping.getHandlerMap(); return handlerMap; } }
參考http://blog.csdn.net/u013815546/article/details/68944039,做者從源碼角度講解了動態配置的使用。
https://blog.csdn.net/tianyaleixiaowu/article/details/77933295?locationNum=5&fps=1