簡介
join()是Thread類的一個方法。根據jdk文檔的定義:java
public final void join()throws InterruptedException: Waits for this thread to die.jvm
join()方法的做用,是等待這個線程結束;但顯然,這樣的定義並不清晰。我的認爲」Java 7 Concurrency Cookbook」的定義較爲清晰:ide
join() method suspends the execution of the calling thread until the object called finishes its execution.this
也就是說,t.join()方法阻塞調用此方法的線程(calling thread),直到線程t完成,此線程再繼續;一般用於在main()主線程內,等待其它線程完成再結束main()主線程。咱們來看看下面的例子。.net
例子
咱們對比一下下面這兩個例子,看看使用join()方法的做用是什麼?線程
不使用join()方法的狀況:
public static void main(String[] args){
System.out.println("MainThread run start.");對象
//啓動一個子線程
Thread threadA = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("threadA run start.");
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("threadA run finished.");
}
});
threadA.start();blog
System.out.println("MainThread join before");
System.out.println("MainThread run finished.");
}
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運行結果以下:文檔
MainThread run start.
threadA run start.
MainThread join before
MainThread run finished.
threadA run finished.get
由於上述子線程執行時間相對較長,因此是在主線程執行完畢以後才結束。
使用了join()方法的狀況:
public static void main(String[] args){
System.out.println("MainThread run start.");
//啓動一個子線程
Thread threadA = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("threadA run start.");
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("threadA run finished.");
}
});
threadA.start();
System.out.println("MainThread join before");
try {
threadA.join(); //調用join()
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("MainThread run finished.");
}
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運行結果以下:
MainThread run start.
threadA run start.
MainThread join before
threadA run finished.
MainThread run finished.
對子線程threadA使用了join()方法以後,咱們發現主線程會等待子線程執行完成以後才日後執行。
join()的原理和做用
java層次的狀態轉換圖
咱們來深刻源碼瞭解一下join():
//Thread類中
public final void join() throws InterruptedException {
join(0);
}
public final synchronized void join(long millis) throws InterruptedException {
long base = System.currentTimeMillis(); //獲取當前時間
long now = 0;
if (millis < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative");
}
if (millis == 0) { //這個分支是無限期等待直到b線程結束
while (isAlive()) {
wait(0);
}
} else { //這個分支是等待固定時間,若是b沒結束,那麼就不等待了。
while (isAlive()) {
long delay = millis - now;
if (delay <= 0) {
break;
}
wait(delay);
now = System.currentTimeMillis() - base;
}
}
}
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咱們重點關注一下這兩句,無限期等待的狀況::
while (isAlive()) {
wait(0); //wait操做,那必然有synchronized與之對應
}
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注意這個wait()方法是Object類中的方法,再來看sychronized的是誰:
public final synchronized void join(long millis) throws InterruptedException { ... }
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成員方法加了synchronized說明是synchronized(this),this是誰啊?this就是threadA子線程對象自己。也就是說,主線程持有了threadA這個對象的鎖。
你們都知道,有了wait(),必然有notify(),何時纔會notify呢?在jvm源碼裏:
// 位於/hotspot/src/share/vm/runtime/thread.cpp中
void JavaThread::exit(bool destroy_vm, ExitType exit_type) {
// ...
// Notify waiters on thread object. This has to be done after exit() is called
// on the thread (if the thread is the last thread in a daemon ThreadGroup the
// group should have the destroyed bit set before waiters are notified).
// 有一個賊不起眼的一行代碼,就是這行
ensure_join(this);
// ...
}
static void ensure_join(JavaThread* thread) {
// We do not need to grap the Threads_lock, since we are operating on ourself.
Handle threadObj(thread, thread->threadObj());
assert(threadObj.not_null(), "java thread object must exist");
ObjectLocker lock(threadObj, thread);
// Ignore pending exception (ThreadDeath), since we are exiting anyway
thread->clear_pending_exception();
// Thread is exiting. So set thread_status field in java.lang.Thread class to TERMINATED.
java_lang_Thread::set_thread_status(threadObj(), java_lang_Thread::TERMINATED);
// Clear the native thread instance - this makes isAlive return false and allows the join()
// to complete once we've done the notify_all below
java_lang_Thread::set_thread(threadObj(), NULL);
// 同志們看到了沒,別的不用看,就看這一句
// thread就是當前線程,是啥?就是剛纔例子中說的threadA線程啊。
lock.notify_all(thread);
// Ignore pending exception (ThreadDeath), since we are exiting anyway
thread->clear_pending_exception();
}
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當子線程threadA執行完畢的時候,jvm會自動喚醒阻塞在threadA對象上的線程,在咱們的例子中也就是主線程。至此,threadA線程對象被notifyall了,那麼主線程也就能繼續跑下去了。
能夠看出,join()方法實現是經過wait()(小提示:Object 提供的方法)。 當main線程調用threadA.join時候,main線程會得到線程對象threadA的鎖(wait 意味着拿到該對象的鎖),調用該對象的wait(等待時間),直到該對象喚醒main線程 (也就是子線程threadA執行完畢退出的時候)
總結 首先join() 是一個synchronized方法, 裏面調用了wait(),這個過程的目的是讓持有這個同步鎖的線程進入等待,那麼誰持有了這個同步鎖呢?答案是主線程,由於主線程調用了threadA.join()方法,至關於在threadA.join()代碼這塊寫了一個同步代碼塊,誰去執行了這段代碼呢,是主線程,因此主線程被wait()了。而後在子線程threadA執行完畢以後,JVM會調用lock.notify_all(thread);喚醒持有threadA這個對象鎖的線程,也就是主線程,會繼續執行。