前言c++
int array[] = {1,2,4};
int *b = array;
NSLog(@"%p-%p-%p-%p",&array,&array[0],&array[1],&array[2]);
NSLog(@"%p-%p-%p",b,b+1,b+2);
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
int value = *(b+i);
NSLog(@"value-%d",value);
}
2019-12-21 21:06:11.914923+0800 XDTest[2663:291951] 0x7ffeefbff5bc-0x7ffeefbff5bc-0x7ffeefbff5c0-0x7ffeefbff5c4
2019-12-21 21:06:11.915605+0800 XDTest[2663:291951] 0x7ffeefbff5bc-0x7ffeefbff5c0-0x7ffeefbff5c4
2019-12-21 21:06:11.915673+0800 XDTest[2663:291951] value-1
2019-12-21 21:06:11.915729+0800 XDTest[2663:291951] value-2
2019-12-21 21:06:11.915756+0800 XDTest[2663:291951] value-4
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- 指針
b
的地址就是array
數組的首地址。- 經過指針偏移能夠找到接下來的連續內存地址。
typedef struct objc_class *Class;
struct objc_class : objc_object{};
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- 從源碼中咱們就能夠知道類
Class
的本質就是objc_class
。objc_class
繼承自objc_object
,驗證萬物皆對象。
Q1: objc_class
與NSObject
的關係?swift
NSObject
就是一個類,其本質是objc_class
。數組
Q2: objc_object
與NSObject
的關係?緩存
NSObject
是OC
的類型,objc_object
是c
的類型。 NSObject
是對objc_object
的封裝。bash
struct objc_class : objc_object {
// Class ISA; //8
Class superclass; //8
cache_t cache; //16 // formerly cache pointer and vtable
class_data_bits_t bits; // class_rw_t * plus custom rr/alloc flags
class_rw_t *data() {
return bits.data();
}
...省略其餘的信息...
};
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3.1 Class ISA
app
一個被註釋的成員,表明是從父類繼承過來的,所佔用8字節。less
struct objc_object {
private:
isa_t isa;
...省略其餘的信息...
};
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3.2 Class superclass
ide
指向父類的指針,Class
自己就是一個指針,所佔用8字節。函數
3.3 cache_t cache
post
顧名思義,是存儲緩存的對象,所佔用16字節
truct cache_t {
struct bucket_t *_buckets; //指針佔用8字節
mask_t _mask; // int32 佔用4字節
mask_t _occupied; //佔用4字節
...省略其餘的信息...
};
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3.4 class_data_bits_t bits
一個結構體,咱們發現類的一些相關的信息在前面三個成員裏面都看不到,有此咱們能夠分析出來,類的相關屬性,成員變量,方法都在這個結構體裏面。
class_data_bits_t
深刻經過對類的結構體的分析isa
、superclass
、cache
這些屬性裏面是看不到與咱們自定義的屬性等等有關係的,所以咱們對準bits
來探索。
class_rw_t *data() {
return bits.data();
}
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驗證了類的相關信息都存在bits
裏面,而且經過bits.data()
函數能夠直接獲取到結構體class_rw_t
的信息。
class_rw_t
結構體struct class_rw_t {
// Be warned that Symbolication knows the layout of this structure.
uint32_t flags;
uint32_t version;
const class_ro_t *ro;
method_array_t methods;
property_array_t properties;
protocol_array_t protocols;
...省略其餘的信息...
};
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咱們彷佛看到了咱們熟悉的屬性,方法,代理等相關的數據類型。 可是這裏要注意了,咱們類的屬性,方法並無存在
method_array_t
、property_array_t
這些類型的屬性裏面(它是什麼,後面章節會介紹)。 而是存放在了class_ro_t
這個結構體裏面,咱們看到定義的是const
,能夠說明這一塊會在編譯時候就肯定好了,後面取出來使用是不能夠更改的。
class_ro_t
結構體struct class_ro_t {
uint32_t flags;
uint32_t instanceStart;
uint32_t instanceSize;
#ifdef __LP64__
uint32_t reserved;
#endif
const uint8_t * ivarLayout;
const char * name;
method_list_t * baseMethodList;
protocol_list_t * baseProtocols;
const ivar_list_t * ivars;
const uint8_t * weakIvarLayout;
property_list_t *baseProperties;
...省略其餘的信息...
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- 成員變量存放
const ivar_list_t * ivars
。- 屬性存放
property_list_t *baseProperties
。- 方法存放
method_list_t * baseMethodList
。
5.1 準備條件
定義成員變量、屬性、對象方法、類方法。
@interface XDPerson : NSObject
{
NSString *otherName;
}
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *nickName;
- (void)sayHello;
+ (void)sayHappy;
@end
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5.2 lldb
調試
在文章的開始已經瞭解了在連續內存段裏面能夠經過指針偏移找到對應的內存段。
XDPerson
的內存信息(lldb) x/4gx XDPerson.class
0x100001318: 0x001d8001000012f1 0x0000000100aff140
0x100001328: 0x000000010203ce00 0x0000000200000003
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objc_class
結構體的bits
屬性裏面,經過內存地址偏移來找到bits
的內存地址,咱們直接去找0x100001318
+32個字節=0x100001338
(lldb) p (class_data_bits_t *)0x100001338
(class_data_bits_t *) $1 = 0x0000000100001338
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class_rw_t
經過bits.data()
(lldb) p $1->data()
(class_rw_t *) $2 = 0x000000010203cd50
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class_rw_t
內存數據信息(lldb) p *$2
(class_rw_t) $3 = {
flags = 2148139008
version = 0
ro = 0x00000001000011f0
methods = {
list_array_tt<method_t, method_list_t> = {
= {
list = 0x0000000100001128
arrayAndFlag = 4294971688
}
}
}
properties = {
list_array_tt<property_t, property_list_t> = {
= {
list = 0x00000001000011d8
arrayAndFlag = 4294971864
}
}
}
protocols = {
list_array_tt<unsigned long, protocol_list_t> = {
= {
list = 0x0000000000000000
arrayAndFlag = 0
}
}
}
firstSubclass = nil
nextSiblingClass = NSDate
demangledName = 0x0000000000000000 <no value available>
}
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ro
(lldb) p $3.ro
(const class_ro_t *) $4 = 0x00000001000011f0
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class_ro_t
的內存數據信息(lldb) p *$4
(const class_ro_t) $5 = {
flags = 388
instanceStart = 8
instanceSize = 24
reserved = 0
ivarLayout = 0x0000000100000f80 "\x02"
name = 0x0000000100000f77 "XDPerson"
baseMethodList = 0x0000000100001128
baseProtocols = 0x0000000000000000
ivars = 0x0000000100001190
weakIvarLayout = 0x0000000000000000 <no value available>
baseProperties = 0x00000001000011d8
_swiftMetadataInitializer_NEVER_USE = {}
}
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baseProperties
(lldb) p $5.baseProperties
(property_list_t *const) $6 = 0x00000001000011d8
(lldb) p *$6
(property_list_t) $7 = {
entsize_list_tt<property_t, property_list_t, 0> = {
entsizeAndFlags = 16
count = 1
first = (name = "nickName", attributes = "T@"NSString",C,N,V_nickName")
}
}
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有且僅有一個元素
nickName
和咱們定義的相同。
ivars
(lldb) p $5.ivars
(const ivar_list_t *const) $8 = 0x0000000100001190
(lldb) p *$8
(const ivar_list_t) $9 = {
entsize_list_tt<ivar_t, ivar_list_t, 0> = {
entsizeAndFlags = 32
count = 2
first = {
offset = 0x00000001000012e8
name = 0x0000000100000f20 "otherName"
type = 0x0000000100000fa7 "@"NSString""
alignment_raw = 3
size = 8
}
}
}
(lldb) p $9.get(0)
(ivar_t) $10 = {
offset = 0x00000001000012e8
name = 0x0000000100000f20 "otherName"
type = 0x0000000100000fa7 "@"NSString""
alignment_raw = 3
size = 8
}
(lldb) p $9.get(1)
(ivar_t) $11 = {
offset = 0x00000001000012e0
name = 0x0000000100000f2a "_nickName"
type = 0x0000000100000fa7 "@"NSString""
alignment_raw = 3
size = 8
}
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有兩個元素,一個是成員變量
otherName
,另外一個是編譯生成的成員變量_nickName
。
baseMothedList
(lldb) p $5.baseMethodList
(method_list_t *const) $12 = 0x0000000100001128
(lldb) p *$12
(method_list_t) $13 = {
entsize_list_tt<method_t, method_list_t, 3> = {
entsizeAndFlags = 26
count = 4
first = {
name = "sayHello"
types = 0x0000000100000f8c "v16@0:8"
imp = 0x0000000100000d70 (XDTest`-[XDPerson sayHello] at XDPerson.m:11)
}
}
}
(lldb) p $13.get(0)
(method_t) $14 = {
name = "sayHello"
types = 0x0000000100000f8c "v16@0:8"
imp = 0x0000000100000d70 (XDTest`-[XDPerson sayHello] at XDPerson.m:11)
}
(lldb) p $13.get(1)
(method_t) $15 = {
name = "nickName"
types = 0x0000000100000f94 "@16@0:8"
imp = 0x0000000100000d90 (XDTest`-[XDPerson nickName] at XDPerson.h:16)
}
(lldb) p $13.get(2)
(method_t) $16 = {
name = "setNickName:"
types = 0x0000000100000f9c "v24@0:8@16"
imp = 0x0000000100000dc0 (XDTest`-[XDPerson setNickName:] at XDPerson.h:16)
}
(lldb) p $13.get(3)
(method_t) $17 = {
name = ".cxx_destruct"
types = 0x0000000100000f8c "v16@0:8"
imp = 0x0000000100000e00 (XDTest`-[XDPerson .cxx_destruct] at XDPerson.m:10)
}
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sayHello
定義的對象方法。nickName
底層生成的getter
方法。setNickName:
底層生成的setter
方法。.cxx_destruct
系統c++
的析構函數。
這裏也驗證了屬性在底層生成了 ivar
+getter
+setter
。
sayHappy
類方法去哪了?經過iOS 底層探索篇 —— isa的初始化&指向分析這篇文章的分析,咱們能夠了解到類在元類那裏也至關因而一個對象,那類的類方法會不會在元類那裏也相似一個對象方法給存起來了?
...省略部分調試 去查找元類的相關信息...
(lldb) p $25.baseMethodList
(method_list_t *const) $26 = 0x00000001000010c0
(lldb) p *$26
(method_list_t) $27 = {
entsize_list_tt<method_t, method_list_t, 3> = {
entsizeAndFlags = 26
count = 1
first = {
name = "sayHappy"
types = 0x0000000100000f8c "v16@0:8"
imp = 0x0000000100000d80 (XDTest`+[XDPerson sayHappy] at XDPerson.m:15)
}
}
}
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sayHappy
類方法在元類裏面找到了。
驗證了咱們的成員遍歷,屬性,方法都在class_ro_t
的這個機構體裏面找到了。
其實筆者也去找了一下協議,可是很惋惜沒有找到,後面會在單獨研究協議,原諒能力有限,不足之處還請指出。
在上面的分析中咱們看到了property_t
、ivar_t
、method_t
這三個結構體。接下來咱們作一下簡單的分析。
property_t
struct property_t {
const char *name;
const char *attributes;
};
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name
屬性的名字;attributes
描述字段;
ivar_t
struct ivar_t {
#if __x86_64__
// *offset was originally 64-bit on some x86_64 platforms.
// We read and write only 32 bits of it.
// Some metadata provides all 64 bits. This is harmless for unsigned
// little-endian values.
// Some code uses all 64 bits. class_addIvar() over-allocates the
// offset for their benefit.
#endif
int32_t *offset;
const char *name;
const char *type;
// alignment is sometimes -1; use alignment() instead
uint32_t alignment_raw;
uint32_t size;
uint32_t alignment() const {
if (alignment_raw == ~(uint32_t)0) return 1U << WORD_SHIFT;
return 1 << alignment_raw;
}
};
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offset
偏移內存地址;name
名字;type
類型;alignment_raw
對齊信息;size
所佔字節;
method_t
struct method_t {
SEL name;
const char *types;
MethodListIMP imp; //using MethodListIMP = IMP;
struct SortBySELAddress :
public std::binary_function<const method_t&,
const method_t&, bool>
{
bool operator() (const method_t& lhs,
const method_t& rhs)
{ return lhs.name < rhs.name; }
};
};
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name
方法名;types
方法前面;imp
方法實現;