BeautifulSoup模塊

時間  2019-12-04
標籤 beautifulsoup 模塊 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

BeautifulSoup是一個模塊，該模塊用於接收一個HTML或XML字符串，而後將其進行格式化，以後即可以使用他提供的方法進行快速查找指定元素，從而使得在HTML或XML中查找指定元素變得簡單。html

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
 
html_doc = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
asdf
    <div class="title">
        <b>The Dormouse's story總共</b>
        <h1>f</h1>
    </div>
<div class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
    <a  class="sister0" id="link1">Els<span>f</span>ie</a>,
    <a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
    <a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</div>
ad<br/>sf
<p class="story">...</p>
</body>
</html>
"""
 
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, features="lxml")
# 找到第一個a標籤
tag1 = soup.find(name='a')
# 找到全部的a標籤
tag2 = soup.find_all(name='a')
# 找到id＝link2的標籤
tag3 = soup.select('#link2')

安裝

pip3 install beautifulsoup4　　

使用示例：

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
 
html_doc = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
    ...
</body>
</html>
"""
 
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, features="lxml")

 name，標籤名稱

# tag = soup.find('a')
# name = tag.name # 獲取
# print(name)
# tag.name = 'span' # 設置
# print(soup)

 attr，標籤屬性　

# tag = soup.find('a')
# attrs = tag.attrs    # 獲取
# print(attrs)
# tag.attrs = {'ik':123} # 設置
# tag.attrs['id'] = 'iiiii' # 設置
# print(soup)

children,全部子標籤　　

# body = soup.find('body')
# v = body.children　　

children

全部子子孫孫標籤　python

# body = soup.find('body')
# v = body.descendants

clear　

將標籤的全部子標籤所有清空（保留標籤名）　app

# tag = soup.find('body')
# tag.clear()
# print(soup)

decompose　　

遞歸的刪除全部的標籤spa

# body = soup.find('body')
# body.decompose()
# print(soup)

extract　　

遞歸的刪除全部的標籤，並獲取刪除的標籤code

# body = soup.find('body')
# v = body.extract()
# print(soup)

decode　

轉換爲字符串（含當前標籤）　orm

decode_contents（不含當前標籤）xml

# body = soup.find('body')
# v = body.decode()
# v = body.decode_contents()
# print(v)

encode　　

轉換爲字節（含當前標籤）htm

encode_contents（不含當前標籤）blog

# body = soup.find('body')
# v = body.encode()
# v = body.encode_contents()
# print(v)

find　　

獲取匹配的第一個標籤遞歸

# tag = soup.find('a')
# print(tag)
# tag = soup.find(name='a', attrs={'class': 'sister'}, recursive=True, text='Lacie')
# tag = soup.find(name='a', class_='sister', recursive=True, text='Lacie')
# print(tag)

 find_all　　

獲取匹配的全部標籤

# tags = soup.find_all('a')
# print(tags)
 
# tags = soup.find_all('a',limit=1)
# print(tags)
 
# tags = soup.find_all(name='a', attrs={'class': 'sister'}, recursive=True, text='Lacie')
# # tags = soup.find(name='a', class_='sister', recursive=True, text='Lacie')
# print(tags)
 
 
# ####### 列表 #######
# v = soup.find_all(name=['a','div'])
# print(v)
 
# v = soup.find_all(class_=['sister0', 'sister'])
# print(v)
 
# v = soup.find_all(text=['Tillie'])
# print(v, type(v[0]))
 
 
# v = soup.find_all(id=['link1','link2'])
# print(v)
 
# v = soup.find_all(href=['link1','link2'])
# print(v)
 
# ####### 正則 #######
import re
# rep = re.compile('p')
# rep = re.compile('^p')
# v = soup.find_all(name=rep)
# print(v)
 
# rep = re.compile('sister.*')
# v = soup.find_all(class_=rep)
# print(v)
 
# rep = re.compile('http://www.oldboy.com/static/.*')
# v = soup.find_all(href=rep)
# print(v)
 
# ####### 方法篩選 #######
# def func(tag):
# return tag.has_attr('class') and tag.has_attr('id')
# v = soup.find_all(name=func)
# print(v)
 
 
# ## get,獲取標籤屬性
# tag = soup.find('a')
# v = tag.get('id')
# print(v)

has_attr　　

檢查標籤是否具備該屬性

# tag = soup.find('a')
# v = tag.has_attr('id')
# print(v)

get_text　

獲取標籤內部文本內容

# tag = soup.find('a')
# v = tag.get_text('id')
# print(v)

 index　　

檢查標籤在某標籤中的索引位置

# tag = soup.find('body')
# v = tag.index(tag.find('div'))
# print(v)
 
# tag = soup.find('body')
# for i,v in enumerate(tag):
# print(i,v)

 is_empty_element　　

是不是空標籤(是否能夠是空)或者自閉合標籤，

判斷是不是以下標籤：'br' , 'hr', 'input', 'img', 'meta','spacer', 'link', 'frame', 'base'

# tag = soup.find('br')
# v = tag.is_empty_element
# print(v)

當前的關聯標籤　

# soup.next
# soup.next_element
# soup.next_elements
# soup.next_sibling
# soup.next_siblings
 
#
# tag.previous
# tag.previous_element
# tag.previous_elements
# tag.previous_sibling
# tag.previous_siblings
 
#
# tag.parent
# tag.parents

查找某標籤的關聯標籤　　

# tag.find_next(...)
# tag.find_all_next(...)
# tag.find_next_sibling(...)
# tag.find_next_siblings(...)
 
# tag.find_previous(...)
# tag.find_all_previous(...)
# tag.find_previous_sibling(...)
# tag.find_previous_siblings(...)
 
# tag.find_parent(...)
# tag.find_parents(...)
 
# 參數同find_all

select,select_one

CSS選擇器　

soup.select("title")
 
soup.select("p nth-of-type(3)")
 
soup.select("body a")
 
soup.select("html head title")
 
tag = soup.select("span,a")
 
soup.select("head > title")
 
soup.select("p > a")
 
soup.select("p > a:nth-of-type(2)")
 
soup.select("p > #link1")
 
soup.select("body > a")
 
soup.select("#link1 ~ .sister")
 
soup.select("#link1 + .sister")
 
soup.select(".sister")
 
soup.select("[class~=sister]")
 
soup.select("#link1")
 
soup.select("a#link2")
 
soup.select('a[href]')
 
soup.select('a[href="http://example.com/elsie"]')
 
soup.select('a[href^="http://example.com/"]')
 
soup.select('a[href$="tillie"]')
 
soup.select('a[href*=".com/el"]')
 
 
from bs4.element import Tag
 
def default_candidate_generator(tag):
    for child in tag.descendants:
        if not isinstance(child, Tag):
            continue
        if not child.has_attr('href'):
            continue
        yield child
 
tags = soup.find('body').select("a", _candidate_generator=default_candidate_generator)
print(type(tags), tags)
 
from bs4.element import Tag
def default_candidate_generator(tag):
    for child in tag.descendants:
        if not isinstance(child, Tag):
            continue
        if not child.has_attr('href'):
            continue
        yield child
 
tags = soup.find('body').select("a", _candidate_generator=default_candidate_generator, limit=1)
print(type(tags), tags)

 標籤的內容　　

# tag = soup.find('span')
# print(tag.string)          # 獲取
# tag.string = 'new content' # 設置
# print(soup)
 
# tag = soup.find('body')
# print(tag.string)
# tag.string = 'xxx'
# print(soup)
 
# tag = soup.find('body')
# v = tag.stripped_strings  # 遞歸內部獲取全部標籤的文本
# print(v)

append　　

在當前標籤內部追加一個標籤　

# tag = soup.find('body')
# tag.append(soup.find('a'))
# print(soup)
#
# from bs4.element import Tag
# obj = Tag(name='i',attrs={'id': 'it'})
# obj.string = '我是一個新來的'
# tag = soup.find('body')
# tag.append(obj)
# print(soup)

insert　

在當前標籤內部指定位置插入一個標籤　

# from bs4.element import Tag
# obj = Tag(name='i', attrs={'id': 'it'})
# obj.string = '我是一個新來的'
# tag = soup.find('body')
# tag.insert(2, obj)
# print(soup)

insert_after,insert_before　

在當前標籤後面或前面插入　

# from bs4.element import Tag
# obj = Tag(name='i', attrs={'id': 'it'})
# obj.string = '我是一個新來的'
# tag = soup.find('body')
# # tag.insert_before(obj)
# tag.insert_after(obj)
# print(soup)

replace_with　

在當前標籤替換爲指定標籤

# from bs4.element import Tag
# obj = Tag(name='i', attrs={'id': 'it'})
# obj.string = '我是一個新來的'
# tag = soup.find('div')
# tag.replace_with(obj)
# print(soup)

建立標籤之間的關係　　

# tag = soup.find('div')
# a = soup.find('a')
# tag.setup(previous_sibling=a)
# print(tag.previous_sibling)

wrap　

將指定標籤把當前標籤包裹起來　

# from bs4.element import Tag
# obj1 = Tag(name='div', attrs={'id': 'it'})
# obj1.string = '我是一個新來的'
#
# tag = soup.find('a')
# v = tag.wrap(obj1)
# print(soup)
 
# tag = soup.find('a')
# v = tag.wrap(soup.find('p'))
# print(soup)

unwrap　　

去掉當前標籤，將保留其包裹的標籤　

# tag = soup.find('a')
# v = tag.unwrap()
# print(soup)

　　

更多參數官方：http://beautifulsoup.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/v4.4.0/　

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