How To Ask Questions The Smart Way-渣渣翻譯-提問的智慧

原文地址：http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html

中文翻譯：https://github.com/ryanhanwu/How-To-Ask-Questions-The-Smart-Way/blob/master/README-zh_CN.md

Disclaimer

Many project websites link to this document in their sections on how to get help. That's fine, it's the use we intended — but if you are a webmaster creating such a link for your project page, please display prominently near the link notice that we are not a help desk for your project!

聲明

許多項目在他們的使用協助/說明網站中鏈接了本指南，這麼作是挺好的，咱們也鼓勵你們這麼作，可是，若是你是負責管理這個項目網頁的人，請在鏈接附近註明：本指南不提供此項目的實際支持服務

We have learned the hard way that without such a notice, we will repeatedly be pestered by idiots who think having published this document makes it our job to solve all the world's technical problems.

If you're reading this document because you need help, and you walk away with the impression you can get it directly from the authors of this document, you are one of the idiots we are talking about. Don't ask us questions. We'll just ignore you. We are here to show you how to get help from people who actually know about the software or hardware you're dealing with, but 99.9% of the time that will not be us. Unless you know for certain that one of the authors is an expert on what you're dealing with, leave us alone and everybody will be happier.

disclaimer ：放棄，拒絕；不承諾
intended ：故意的，有意的，打算
prominently ：顯著的，重要的
repeatedly ：重複的，再三的
pestered ：糾纏
impression ：印象。感想
directly ：直接的，當即，立刻
ignore ：忽視，不理睬
actually ：實際上
hardware ：硬件
expert ：熟練的

咱們已經深入領教到少了上述聲明所帶來的痛苦。由於少了這點聲明，咱們不停的被一些白癡騷擾糾纏，這些白癡認爲，既然咱們發佈了這本指南，那麼咱們就有責任解決世上全部的技術問題。

若是你是由於須要某些協助，正在閱讀這本指南，而且最後離開時由於發現從本指南的做者身上得不到直接的協助，那麼你就是咱們所說的那些白癡之一。別問咱們問題，咱們只會忽略你。咱們在這本指南中是教你如何從那些懂得你所遇到軟件或者硬件問題的人取得協助，而99%的狀況下那不會是咱們，除非你肯定本指南的做者之一恰好是你所遇到的問題領域的專家，不然請不要打擾咱們，這樣你們都會開心一點。

Introduction

In the world of hackers, the kind of answers you get to your technical questions depends as much on the way you ask the questions as on the difficulty of developing the answer. This guide will teach you how to ask questions in a way more likely to get you a satisfactory answer.

depends ：依賴
satisfactory ：使人滿意的，符合要求的

簡介

在黑客的世界裏，當你拋出一個技術問題，最終是否能獲得有用的回答，每每取決於你所提問和追問的方式。這本指南將教你如何正確的提問，來幫助你得到滿意的答案。

Now that use of open source has become widespread, you can often get as good answers from other, more experienced users as from hackers. This is a Good Thing; users tend to be just a little bit more tolerant of the kind of failures newbies often have. Still, treating experienced users like hackers in the ways we recommend here will generally be the most effective way to get useful answers out of them, too.

tolerant ：容忍的
failures ：失敗；故障
newbies ：初學者
recommend ：推薦，介紹
generally ：通常的，一般

不止是黑客，如今開源軟件已經至關盛行，你經常也能夠由其餘有經驗的使用者身上獲得好答案，這是件好事；使用者比起黑客來，每每對那些新手常遇到的問題更寬容一些，然而，將有經驗的使用者視爲黑客，並採用本指南所提到的方法與他們溝通，一樣也是能從他們身上獲得滿意回答的最有效方式。

The first thing to understand is that hackers actually like hard problems and good, thought-provoking questions about them. If we didn't, we wouldn't be here. If you give us an interesting question to chew on we'll be grateful to you; good questions are a stimulus and a gift. Good questions help us develop our understanding, and often reveal problems we might not have noticed or thought about otherwise. Among hackers, 「Good question!」 is a strong and sincere compliment.

thought-provoking ：引發思考的
chew ：咀嚼
stimulus ：刺激
reveal ：顯示，暴露
otherwise ：用別的方法，不一樣的
sincere ：真誠的
compliment ：讚美

 

首先，你要明白，黑客喜歡有挑戰性的問題，或者能激發他們思惟的好問題，若是咱們並不是如此。那咱們也不會成爲你想詢問的對象。若是你給了咱們一個值得反覆咀嚼玩味的好問題，咱們自會對你感激涕零。好問題是激勵，是厚禮。好問題能夠提升咱們的理解力，並且，一般會暴露咱們以前歷來沒有意識或者思考過的問題。對黑客而言，‘好問題！’是誠摯的大力稱讚。

Despite this, hackers have a reputation for meeting simple questions with what looks like hostility or arrogance. It sometimes looks like we're reflexively rude to newbies and the ignorant. But this isn't really true.

despite ：無論，儘管
reputation ：名氣
hostility ：敵意
arrogance ：傲慢，自大
reflexively ：反身
rude ：粗魯的
newbies ：初學者
ignorant ：無知的

儘管如此，黑客們有着蔑視或者傲慢面對簡單問題的壞名聲，這有時讓咱們看起來對新手、無知者彷佛較有敵意，但其實不是那樣的。

What we are, unapologetically, is hostile to people who seem to be unwilling to think or to do their own homework before asking questions. People like that are time sinks — they take without giving back, and they waste time we could have spent on another question more interesting and another person more worthy of an answer. We call people like this 「losers」 (and for historical reasons we sometimes spell it 「lusers」).

unapologetically ：絕不留情地
hostile ：懷有敵意的
unwilling ：不肯意的
sinks ：（使）下沉；（使）沉沒
give back ：歸還；反射；恢復

咱們不諱言咱們對那些不肯思考、或者在發問前不作他們該作的事的人的蔑視。那些人是時間的殺手----他們只想索取，從不付出，消耗咱們能夠用在更有趣的問題或更值得回答的人身上的時間。咱們稱這樣的人爲失敗者（loser）（因爲歷史緣由，咱們優點把它拼做lusers）。

We realize that there are many people who just want to use the software we write, and who have no interest in learning technical details. For most people, a computer is merely a tool, a means to an end; they have more important things to do and lives to live. We acknowledge that, and don't expect everyone to take an interest in the technical matters that fascinate us. Nevertheless, our style of answering questions is tuned for people who do take such an interest and are willing to be active participants in problem-solving. That's not going to change. Nor should it; if it did, we would become less effective at the things we do best.

merely ：僅僅，只不過
acknowledge ：認可
fascinate ：吸引，使着迷
Nevertheless ：仍然，然而，不過
participants ：參與者

咱們意識到，許多人只是想使用咱們寫的軟件，他們對學習技術細節沒有興趣，對大多數人而言，電腦只是種工具，是種達到目的的手段而已。他們有本身的生活且有更要緊的事要作。咱們瞭解這點，也從不期望每一個人都對這些讓咱們着迷的技術問題感興趣。儘管如此，咱們回答問題的風格是指向那些真正對此有興趣的，並願意主動參與解決問題的人，這一點不會變，也不應變。若是連着都變了，咱們就是在下降作本身最擅長的事情上的效率。

We're (largely) volunteers. We take time out of busy lives to answer questions, and at times we're overwhelmed with them. So we filter ruthlessly. In particular, we throw away questions from people who appear to be losers in order to spend our question-answering time more efficiently, on winners.

volunteers ：志願者，自動提供，自願效勞
overwhelmed ：淹沒，壓倒
ruthlessly ：無情地
particular ：特定的，某一的
efficiently ：有效的

 

咱們（在很大程度上）是自願的，從繁忙的生活中抽出時間來解答疑惑，並且時常被提問淹沒。因此咱們無情的濾掉一些話題，特別是拋棄那些看起來像失敗者的傢伙，以便更高效的利用時間來回答winner的問題。

If you find this attitude obnoxious, condescending, or arrogant, check your assumptions. We're not asking you to genuflect to us — in fact, most of us would love nothing more than to deal with you as an equal and welcome you into our culture, if you put in the effort required to make that possible. But it's simply not efficient for us to try to help people who are not willing to help themselves. It's OK to be ignorant; it's not OK to play stupid.

attitude ：態度
obnoxious ：極不愉快的；討厭的
condescending ：下降身份的，屈尊的
arrogant ：自大的
assumptions ：假定
genuflect  ：屈膝，跪拜，
effort ：成就
efficient ：效率高的
ignorant ：無知的；愚昧的

 

若是你厭惡咱們的態度。高高在上，活過於傲慢，不妨也設身處地想一想。咱們並無要求你向咱們屈服---事實上，咱們大多數人很是樂意與你平等地交流，只要你付出小小努力來知足基本要求，咱們就會歡迎你加入咱們的文化。但讓咱們幫助那些不肯意幫助本身的人是沒有效率的。無知沒有關係，但裝白癡就是不行。

So, while it isn't necessary to already be technically competent to get attention from us, it is necessary to demonstrate the kind of attitude that leads to competence — alert, thoughtful, observant, willing to be an active partner in developing a solution. If you can't live with this sort of discrimination, we suggest you pay somebody for a commercial support contract instead of asking hackers to personally donate help to you.

competent ：有能力的
demonstrate ：證實，演示，論證
competence ：能力，技能
observant ：善於觀察的，觀察力敏銳的
discrimination ：歧視，辨別
commercial ：商業的，商務的
contract ：感染；訂約，合同，婚約
personally ：親自的，就我的而言
donate ：捐贈，捐獻

 

因此，你沒必要在技術上很在行才能吸引咱們的注意，但你必須表現出能引導你變得在行的特質---機敏、有想法、善於觀察、樂於主動參與解決問題。若是你作不到這些使你不同凡響的事情，咱們建議你花點錢找家商業公司籤個技術支持服務合同，而不是要求黑客我的無償幫助你。

If you decide to come to us for help, you don't want to be one of the losers. You don't want to seem like one, either. The best way to get a rapid and responsive answer is to ask it like a person with smarts, confidence, and clues who just happens to need help on one particular problem.

rapid ：快的；急速的
responsive ：反應
clues ：線索
particular ：特定的，某一的

 

若是你決定向咱們求助，固然你也不但願被視爲失敗者，更不肯成爲失敗者中的一員。能當即獲得快速並有效答案的最好方法，就是像贏家那樣提問---聰明，自信，有解決問題的思路，只是偶爾在特定問題上須要得到一點幫助。

(Improvements to this guide are welcome. You can mail suggestions to esr@thyrsus.com or respond-auto@linuxmafia.com. Note however that this document is not intended to be a general guide to netiquette, and we will generally reject suggestions that are not specifically related to eliciting useful answers in a technical forum.)

improvement ：改善
intend ：打算
general ：通常的
netiquette ：網絡禮節
generally ：
reject ：拒絕
eliciting ：引出，探出
forum ：論壇。討論會

 

（歡迎對本指南提出改進意見，你能夠email你的建議至esr@thyrsus.com 或 respond-auto@linuxmafia.com.然而請註明，本文並不是網絡禮節的通用指南，二咱們一般會拒絕無助於在技術論壇獲得有用答案的建議。）

Before You Ask

Before asking a technical question by e-mail, or in a newsgroup, or on a website chat board, do the following:

1. Try to find an answer by searching the archives of the forum or mailing list you plan to post to.

2. Try to find an answer by searching the Web.

3. Try to find an answer by reading the manual.

4. Try to find an answer by reading a FAQ.

5. Try to find an answer by inspection or experimentation.

6. Try to find an answer by asking a skilled friend.

7. If you're a programmer, try to find an answer by reading the source code.

mailing ：郵件
manual ：用手的，手工的
inspection ：檢查，視察
experimentation ：試驗，實驗
skilled ：熟練的，有技能的，須要技能的
source ：來源，原始資料

 

在提問以前

在你準備經過電子郵件、新聞羣組或者聊天室提出技術問題前，請先作到如下事情。

1. 嘗試在你準備提問的論壇中搜索答案。
2. 嘗試上網搜索以找到答案。
3. 嘗試閱讀手冊以找到答案。
4. 嘗試閱讀常見問題文件（FAQ）以找到答案。
5. 嘗試本身檢測或試驗以找到答案。
6. 向你身邊的強者朋友打聽以找到答案。
7. 若是你是程序開發者，請嘗試閱讀源代碼以找到答案。

When you ask your question, display the fact that you have done these things first; this will help establish that you're not being a lazy sponge and wasting people's time. Better yet, display what you have learned from doing these things. We like answering questions for people who have demonstrated they can learn from the answers.

establish ：創建，安置，肯定
sponge ：海綿
demonstrated ：舉行示威遊行；說明。論證，證實

當你提出問題的時候，請先代表你已經作了以上努力，這有助於樹立你並非一個坐享其成且浪費別人的時間的提問者，若是你能一併表達在作了上述努力的過程當中學到的東西更好，由於咱們更樂於回答那些表現出能從答案中學習的人的問題。

Use tactics like doing a Google search on the text of whatever error message you get (searching Google groups as well as Web pages). This might well take you straight to fix documentation or a mailing list thread answering your question. Even if it doesn't, saying 「I googled on the following phrase but didn't get anything that looked promising」 is a good thing to do in e-mail or news postings requesting help, if only because it records what searches won't help. It will also help to direct other people with similar problems to your thread by linking the search terms to what will hopefully be your problem and resolution thread.

tactics ：戰術，戰略，手段
straight ：直的
thread ：線，細線，線索，思路
following phrase ：下面的短語
promising ：有但願的，有前途的

 

運用某些策略，好比先用Google搜索你所遇到的各類錯誤信息，（即搜索Google論壇，也搜索網頁）。這樣極可能直接就找到了能解決問題的文件或郵件列表線索。即便沒有結果，在郵件列表或新聞組尋求幫助時加上一句--我在google中搜過下列句子但沒有什麼有用的東西 也是件好事，即便它只是表名了搜索引擎不能提供那些幫助。這麼作（加上搜索過的子串）也讓遇到類似問題的其餘人能被搜索引擎引導到你的提問來。

Take your time. Do not expect to be able to solve a complicated problem with a few seconds of Googling. Read and understand the FAQs, sit back, relax and give the problem some thought before approaching experts. Trust us, they will be able to tell from your questions how much reading and thinking you did, and will be more willing to help if you come prepared. Don't instantly fire your whole arsenal of questions just because your first search turned up no answers (or too many).

expect ：預料，預期
complicated ：結構複雜的
approaching ：侵入，接近。
expert ：熟練的；內行的
instantly ：馬上，當即，立刻
arsenal ：兵工廠，軍火庫

彆着急。不要期望幾秒鐘的Google搜索就能解決一個複雜的問題。在向專家求助以前，再閱讀一下常見問題文件（FAQ）、放輕鬆，坐舒服一些，在花點時間思考一下這個問題。相信咱們，他們能從你的提問看出你作了多少閱讀與思考，若是你是有備而來，將更有可能獲得解答。不要將全部問題一股腦拋出，只因你的第一次搜索沒有找到答案（或者找到太多答案）

Prepare your question. Think it through. Hasty-sounding questions get hasty answers, or none at all. The more you do to demonstrate that having put thought and effort into solving your problem before seeking help, the more likely you are to actually get help.

hasty ：倉促完成的，急忙的
Hasty-sounding ：草率行事
demonstrate ：說明，演示，證實，
thought ：思想，思考
actually ：實際上

 

準備好你的問題，再將問題仔細的思考過一遍，由於草率的發問只能獲得草率的回答，或者根本得不到任何答案。越是能表現出在尋求幫助前，你爲解決問題所付出的努力，你越有可能獲得實質性的幫助。

Beware of asking the wrong question. If you ask one that is based on faulty assumptions, J. Random Hacker is quite likely to reply with a uselessly literal answer while thinking 「Stupid question...」, and hoping the experience of getting what you asked for rather than what you needed will teach you a lesson.

faulty ：有錯誤的
assumption ：假定

 

當心別問錯了問題。若是你的問題基於錯誤的假設，某個普通黑客多半會一邊在內心想着蠢問題，一邊用無心義的兒字面解釋來答覆你，但願着你會從問題的回答（而非你想獲得的答案）中汲取教訓。

Never assume you are entitled to an answer. You are not; you aren't, after all, paying for the service. You will earn an answer, if you earn it, by asking a substantial, interesting, and thought-provoking question — one that implicitly contributes to the experience of the community rather than merely passively demanding knowledge from others.

assume ：假定
entitled ：有資格，題名爲，書名叫作
substantial ：堅固的，結實的，大量的，實質的，/səb'stænʃ(ə)l/
provoking ：刺激的，使人生氣的
thought provoking ：發人深思的
provoke ：激起，惹怒
implicitly  ：含蓄的，暗示的
contributes ：捐獻，捐助
community ：社區，社會，團體
merely ：僅僅，只不過
passively ：被動的
demanding ：很費心的
demand ：要求，須要

 

毫不要自覺得夠格獲得答案，你沒有；你並無。畢竟你沒有爲這種服務支付任何報酬。你將會是本身去掙到一個答案，靠提出有內涵的、有趣的、有思惟激勵做用的問題-------一個潛力能貢獻社區經驗的問題，而不只僅是被動的從他人處索取知識。

On the other hand, making it clear that you are able and willing to help in the process of developing the solution is a very good start. 「Would someone provide a pointer?」, 「What is my example missing?」, and 「What site should I have checked?」 are more likely to get answered than 「Please post the exact procedure I should use.」 because you're making it clear that you're truly willing to complete the process if someone can just point you in the right direction.

process ：處理，加工，過程
procedure ：程序，步驟
truly ：真實的
direction ：方向

 

另外一方面，代表你願意在找答案的過程當中作點什麼是一個很是好的開端。誰能給點提示？、個人這個例子裏缺了什麼？以及我應該檢查什麼地方 比 請把我須要的確切的過程貼出來 更容易獲得答覆。由於你表現出只要有人能指個正確方向，你就有完成它的能力和決心。

When You Ask

Choose your forum carefully

Be sensitive in choosing where you ask your question. You are likely to be ignored, or written off as a loser, if you:

• post your question to a forum where it's off topic

• post a very elementary question to a forum where advanced technical questions are expected, or vice-versa

• cross-post to too many different newsgroups

• post a personal e-mail to somebody who is neither an acquaintance of yours nor personally responsible for solving your problem

Hackers blow off questions that are inappropriately targeted in order to try to protect their communications channels from being drowned in irrelevance. You don't want this to happen to you.

sensitive ：敏感的
ignored ：忽略
elementary ：基本的，初級的
advance ：（使）前進；提升，提出
expected ：預期的，預料的
vice-versa ：反之亦然
cross-post ：交叉郵寄，（有道翻譯，）應該是一個帖子貼到多個論壇
acquaintance ：相識的人，熟人/ə'kweɪnt(ə)ns/
responsible ：負有責任的
blow ：毆打，打擊
blow off ：踢出，吹掉
inappropriately ：不適當的
targeted ：定向的，
target ：目標，靶子
communication ：交流
drowned ：淹沒
irrelevance ：無關，枝節問題

 

當你提問時

慎選提問的論壇

當心選擇你要提問的場合，若是你作了下述的事情，你極可能被忽略掉或者被看做失敗者。

• 在與主題不合的論壇上貼出你的問題。
• 在探討進階問題的論壇張貼很是初級的問題；反之亦然。
• 在太多的不一樣新聞組上轉帖一樣的問題。
• 向既非熟人也沒有義務解決你問題的人發送私人電郵。

黑客會踢出那些搞錯場合的問題，以保護他們溝通的渠道不被無關的東西淹沒。你不會想讓這種事發生在本身的身上的。

The first step, therefore, is to find the right forum. Again, Google and other Web-searching methods are your friend. Use them to find the project webpage most closely associated with the hardware or software giving you difficulties. Usually it will have links to a FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) list, and to project mailing lists and their archives. These mailing lists are the final places to go for help, if your own efforts (including reading those FAQs you found) do not find you a solution. The project page may also describe a bug-reporting procedure, or have a link to one; if so, follow it.

associated ：聯合的
Frequently ：頻繁的
archives ：檔案
procedure ：程序

 

所以，第一步是找到對的論壇。再說一次，Google 和其它搜索引擎仍是你的朋友，用它們來找到與你遭遇到困難的軟硬件問題最相關的網站。一般那兒都有常見問題（FAQ）、郵件列表及相關說明文件的連接。若是你的努力（包括閱讀 FAQ）都沒有結果，網站上也許還有報告 Bug（Bug-reporting）的流程或連接，若是是這樣，鏈過去看看。

Shooting off an e-mail to a person or forum which you are not familiar with is risky at best. For example, do not assume that the author of an informative webpage wants to be your free consultant. Do not make optimistic guesses about whether your question will be welcome — if you're unsure, send it elsewhere, or refrain from sending it at all.

risky ：危險的
assume ：假定
informative ：提供信息的
consultant ：顧問
optimistic : 樂觀的
refrain ：制止，避免，截止

向陌生的人或論壇發送郵件多是風險最大的事情。舉例來講，別假設一個提供豐富內容的網頁的做者會想充當你的免費顧問。不要對你的問題是否會受到歡迎作太樂觀的估計 -- 若是你不肯定，那就向別處發送，或者壓根別發。

When selecting a Web forum, newsgroup or mailing list, don't trust the name by itself too far; look for a FAQ or charter to verify your question is on-topic. Read some of the back traffic before posting so you'll get a feel for how things are done there. In fact, it's a very good idea to do a keyword search for words relating to your problem on the newsgroup or mailing list archives before you post. It may find you an answer, and if not it will help you formulate a better question.

verify ：覈實
traffic ：交通，貿易，運輸，通訊量
relating ：關聯
relate ：把。。。聯繫起來，講述
archive ：檔案
formulate ：構想出，規劃，確切的闡述

在選擇論壇、新聞羣組或郵件列表時，別太相信名字，先看看 FAQ 或者許可書以弄清楚你的問題是否切題。發文前先翻翻已有的話題，這樣可讓你感覺一下那裏的文化。事實上，事先在新聞組或郵件列表的歷史記錄中搜索與你問題相關的關鍵詞是個極好的主意，也許這樣就找到答案了。即便沒有，也能幫助你概括出更好的問題。

Don't shotgun-blast all the available help channels at once, that's like yelling and irritates people. Step through them softly.

別像機關槍似的一次"掃射"全部的幫助渠道，這就像大喊大叫同樣會令人不快。要一個一個地來。

Know what your topic is! One of the classic mistakes is asking questions about the Unix or Windows programming interface in a forum devoted to a language or library or tool portable across both. If you don't understand why this is a blunder, you'd be best off not asking any questions at all until you get it.

shotgun-blast ：
shotgun ：散彈獵槍，
blast ：爆炸，猛攻，一陣
yelling ：大喊大叫
irritates ：刺激
softly ：溫柔的，柔和的
interface ：界面
devoted ：專心的，恩愛的，
portable ：便於攜帶的
blunder ：（因無知，粗心）形成的錯誤。犯錯誤

搞清楚你的主題！最典型的錯誤之一是在某種致力於跨平臺可移植的語言、套件或工具的論壇中提關於 Unix 或 Windows 操做系統程序界面的問題。若是你不明白爲何這是大錯，最好在搞清楚這之間差別以前什麼也別問。

In general, questions to a well-selected public forum are more likely to get useful answers than equivalent questions to a private one. There are multiple reasons for this. One is simply the size of the pool of potential respondents. Another is the size of the audience; hackers would rather answer questions that educate many people than questions serving only a few.

equivalent ：相等的，至關的
multiple ：多樣的，許多的，多重的
potential ：潛在的
audience ：觀衆
educate ：教育

通常來講，在仔細挑選的公共論壇中提問，會比在私有論壇中提一樣的問題更容易獲得有用的回答。有幾個理由能夠支持這點，一是看潛在的回覆者有多少，二是看觀衆有多少。黑客較願意回答那些能幫助到許多人的問題。

Understandably, skilled hackers and authors of popular software are already receiving more than their fair share of mis-targeted messages. By adding to the flood, you could in extreme cases even be the straw that breaks the camel's back — quite a few times, contributors to popular projects have withdrawn their support because collateral damage in the form of useless e-mail traffic to their personal accounts became unbearable.

fail ：衰退，衰弱，在。。。中失敗
mis-targeted ：目標錯誤
targeted ：定向的，把。。做爲目標

 

能夠理解的是，老練的黑客和一些熱門軟件的做者正在接受過多的錯發信息。就像那根最後壓垮駱駝背的稻草同樣，你的加入也有可能使狀況走向極端 —— 已經好幾回了，一些熱門軟件的做者從本身軟件的支持中抽身出來，由於伴隨而來涌入其私人郵箱的無用郵件變得沒法忍受。

Stack Overflow

Search, then ask on Stack Exchange

In recent years, the Stack Exchange community of sites has emerged as a major resource for answering technical and other questions and is even the preferred forum for many open-source projects.

Start with a Google search before looking at Stack Exchange; Google indexes it in real time. There's a very good chance someone has already asked a similar question, and the Stack Exchange sites are often near the top of the search results. If you didn't find anything through Google, search again on the specific site most relevant to your question (see below). Searching with tags can help narrow down the results.

emerged ：出現，顯示，暴露
majar ：主要的，主修的，重要的
resource ：資源
preferred ：首選的
perfer ：寧願
relevant ：有關的，切題的
below ：下面
narrow ：狹窄的，有限的；使變狹窄

搜索，而後 在 Stack Exchange 問。

近年來，Stack Exchange community 社區已經成爲回答技術及其餘問題的主要渠道，尤爲是那些開放源碼的項目。

由於 Google 索引是即時的，在看 Stack Exchange 以前先在 Google 搜索。有很高的機率某人已經問了一個相似的問題，並且 Stack Exchange 網站們每每會是搜索結果中最前面幾個。若是你在 Google 上沒有找到任何答案，你再到特定相關主題的網站去找。用標籤（Tag）搜索能讓你更縮小你的搜索結果。

If you still didn't find anything, post your question on the one site where it's most on-topic. Use the formatting tools, especially for code, and add tags that are related to the substance of your question (particularly the name of the programming language, operating system, or library you're having trouble with). If a commenter asks you for more information, edit your main post to include it. If any answer is helpful, click the up arrow to upvote it; if an answer gives a solution to your problem, click the check under the voting arrows to accept it as correct.

formatting ：格式化
especially ：尤爲，特別
related ：有關係的，有關聯的
substance ：物質，主旨，要旨
particularly ：特別，尤爲
operating ：操做的，營運的
operate ：運轉，動手術，起做用；操做，經營，對。。。開刀
include ：包含
arrow ：箭，箭頭
upvote ：贊同
vote ：投票，選舉

 

若是你依然沒有找到有價值的答案，請將你的問題發佈在主題最接近的網站上。 使用格式化工具，尤爲是代碼，並添加與問題內容相關的標記（特別是你遇到問題的編程語言，操做系統或庫的名稱）。 若是評論者要求您提供更多信息，把它重寫編輯到你的問題裏面。 若是有答案對你的問題有幫助，請單擊向上箭頭以推薦它; 若是一個答案爲您的問題提供瞭解決方案，請單擊投票箭頭下的檢查以接受正確的答案。

Stack Exchange has grown to over 100 sites, but here are the most likely candidates:

• Super User is for questions about general-purpose computing. If your question isn't about code or programs that you talk to only over a network connection, it probably goes here.

• Stack Overflow is for questions about programming.

• Server Fault is for questions about server and network administration.

Several projects have their own specific sites, including Android, Ubuntu, TeX/LaTeX, and SharePoint. Check the Stack Exchange site for an up-to-date list.

candidates ：候選人，最好人選
general ：通常的，普通的
purpose ：目的，意圖
probably ：大概，或許，可能
fault ：故障，毛病，錯誤

 

Stack Exchange 已經成長到超過一百個網站，如下是最經常使用的幾個站：

• Super User 是問一些通用的電腦問題，若是你的問題跟代碼或是寫程序無關，只是一些網絡連線之類的，請到這裏。
• Stack Overflow 是問寫程序有關的問題。
• Server Fault 是問服務器和網管相關的問題。

許多項目都有特定的主題，包括Android, Ubuntu, TeX/LaTeX, and SharePoint。

Web and IRC forums

Your local user group, or your Linux distribution, may advertise a Web forum or IRC channel where newbies can get help. (In non-English-speaking countries newbie forums are still more likely to be mailing lists.) These are good first places to ask, especially if you think you may have tripped over a relatively simple or common problem. An advertised IRC channel is an open invitation to ask questions there and often get answers in real time.

distribution ：分發，分配
advertise ：公佈，宣傳；給。。。作廣告宣傳
IRC ：交互式閒聊程序
newbie ：網絡新手，新兵
tripped ：tripped over 絆倒
relatively ：相對的，比較而言
invitation ：邀請，請柬，請帖
in real time ：即時，即時

網站和IRC論壇

本地的使用者羣組（user group） ，或者你使用的Linux發行版也許正在宣傳他們的網頁論壇或者IRC頻道，並提供新手幫助（在一些非英語國家，新手論壇極可能仍是郵件列表），這些地方是開始提問的好首選，特別是當你以爲遇到的也許只是相對簡單或者很普通的問題時。有廣告贊助的IRC頻道是公開歡迎提問的地方，一般能夠即時獲得迴應。

In fact, if you got the program that is giving you problems from a Linux distribution (as is common today), it may be better to ask in the distro's forum/list before trying the program's project forum/list. The project's hackers may just say, 「use our build」.

事實上，若是程序出的問題只發生在特定Linux發行版提供的版本（這很常見），最好先去該發行版的論壇或郵件列表中提問，再到程序自己的論壇或郵件列表提問。（不然）該項目的黑客可能僅僅回覆「用咱們的版本」

Before posting to any Web forum, check if it has a Search feature. If it does, try a couple of keyword searches for something like your problem; it just might help. If you did a general Web search before (as you should have), search the forum anyway; your Web-wide search engine might not have all of this forum indexed recently.

feature ：容貌，特點
indexed ：編入索引的
recently ：最近，新近

 

在任何論壇發文之前，先確認一下有沒有搜索功能。若是有，就試着搜索一下問題的幾個關鍵詞，也許會有幫助。若是在這以前你已作過通用網頁搜索（你也該這樣作），仍是要再搜索一下論壇，搜索引擎有可能沒來得及索引此論壇的所有內容。

There is an increasing tendency for projects to do user support over a Web forum or IRC channel, with e-mail reserved more for development traffic. So look for those channels first when seeking project-specific help.

increasing ：增長，增大
tendency ：傾向，趨勢，癖好
traffic ：交通，貿易，運輸
seeking ：尋求，謀求

 

經過論壇或IRC頻道來提供使用者支持服務有增加的趨勢，電子郵件則大多數爲項目開發者之間的交流而保留的，因此最好如今論壇或IRC中尋求該項目相關的協助，

In IRC, it's probably best not to dump a long problem description on the channel first thing; some people interpret this as channel-flooding. Best to utter a one-line problem description in a way pitched to start a conversation on the channel.

dump ：傾倒，傾斜
interpret ：解釋，說明
utter ：完全的，徹底的，絕對的；說
pitched ：傾斜的
conversation ：交談，會話，談話

 

在使用IRC的時候，首先最好不要發佈很長的問題描述，有些人稱之爲頻道洪水。最好經過一句話的問題描述來開始聊天。

As a second step, use project mailing lists

When a project has a development mailing list, write to the mailing list, not to individual developers, even if you believe you know who can best answer your question. Check the documentation of the project and its homepage for the address of a project mailing list, and use it. There are several good reasons for this policy:

• Any question good enough to be asked of one developer will also be of value to the whole group. Contrariwise, if you suspect your question is too dumb for a mailing list, it's not an excuse to harass individual developers.

• Asking questions on the list distributes load among developers. The individual developer (especially if he's the project leader) may be too busy to answer your questions.

• Most mailing lists are archived and the archives are indexed by search engines. If you ask your question on-list and it is answered, a future querent could find your question and the answer on the Web instead of asking it again.

• If certain questions are seen to be asked often, developers can use that information to improve the documentation or the software itself to be less confusing. But if those questions are asked in private, nobody has the complete picture of what questions are asked most often.

 

individual ：個別的
policy ：政策，方針，保險單
contrariwise ：反之，頑固的
suspect ：懷疑
dumb ：啞的，愚蠢的
excuse ：原諒，寬恕，理由，藉口
harass ：使煩惱，使困擾
distributes ：分佈
archived ：歸檔
indexed ：索引
querent ：提問者
Be humble and honest; set a good example for both the querent and your peers.

第二步，使用項目郵件列表

當某個項目提供開發者郵件列表時，要向列表而不是其中的個別成員提問，即便你確認他能很好的回答你的問題。查一查項目的文件和首頁，找到項目的郵件列表並使用它，有幾個很好的理由支持咱們採用這種方法。

• 任何好到須要向個別開發者退出的問題，也講對整個項目羣組有益。反之，若是你認爲本身的問題對真個項目羣組來講太愚蠢，也不能成爲少繞個別開發者的理由
• 向列表提問能夠分散開發者的負擔，個別開發者（尤爲是項目領導人）也許太忙以致於無法回答你的問題
• 大多數郵件列表都會被存檔，哪些被存檔的內容被搜索引擎索引，若是你想列表提問並獲得解答，未來其餘人能夠經過網頁搜索找到你的問題和答案，也就不用再次發問了。
• 若是某些問題常常被問到，開發者能夠利用此信息來改進說明文件或軟件自己，以使其更清楚。若是隻是私下提問，就沒有人能看到最多見問題的完整場景。

If a project has both a 「user」 and a 「developer」 (or 「hacker」) mailing list or Web forum, and you are not hacking on the code, ask in the 「user」 list/forum. Do not assume that you will be welcome on the developer list, where they're likely to experience your question as noise disrupting their developer traffic.

assume ：假定
disrupting ：使混亂
traffic ：交通，貿易，運輸

若是一個項目既有"使用者" 也有"開發者"（或"黑客"）郵件列表或論壇，而你又不會動到那些源代碼，那麼就向"使用者"列表或論壇提問。不要假設本身會在開發者列表中受到歡迎，那些人多半會將你的提問視爲干擾他們開發的噪音。

However, if you are sure your question is non-trivial, and you get no answer in the 「user」 list/forum for several days, try the 「developer」 one. You would be well advised to lurk there for a few daysor at least review the last few days of archived messages, to learn the local folkways before posting (actually this is good advice on any private or semi-private list).

trivial ：不重要的，瑣碎的
advised ：通過考慮的，深思熟慮的
lurk ：潛伏
folkways ：民俗

 

然而，若是你確信你的問題很特別，並且在"使用者" 列表或論壇中幾天都沒有回覆，能夠試試前往"開發者"列表或論壇發問。建議你在張貼前最好先暗地裏觀察幾天以瞭解那裏的行事方式（事實上這是參與任何私有或半私有列表的好主意）

If you cannot find a project's mailing list address, but only see the address of the maintainer of the project, go ahead and write to the maintainer. But even in that case, don't assume that the mailing list doesn't exist. Mention in your e-mail that you tried and could not find the appropriate mailing list. Also mention that you don't object to having your message forwarded to other people. (Many people believe that private e-mail should remain private, even if there is nothing secret in it. By allowing your message to be forwarded you give your correspondent a choice about how to handle your e-mail.)

maintainer ：維護者，維修者
mention ：提及，提到
appropriate ：適當的額，相稱的
object ：物體，對象，目標n；不同意，反對vi

 

若是你找不到一個項目的郵件列表，而只能查到項目維護者的電子郵件地址，儘管向他發信。即便是在這種狀況下，也別假設（項目）郵件列表不存在。在你的電子郵件中，請陳述你已經試過但沒有找到合適的郵件列表，也說起你不反對將本身的郵件轉發給他人（許多人認爲，即便沒什麼祕密，私人電子郵件也不該該被公開。經過容許將你的電子郵件轉發他人，你給了相應人員處置你郵件的選擇）。

Use meaningful, specific subject headers

On mailing lists, newsgroups or Web forums, the subject header is your golden opportunity to attract qualified experts' attention in around 50 characters or fewer. Don't waste it on babble like 「Please help me」 (let alone 「PLEASE HELP ME!!!!」; messages with subjects like that get discarded by reflex). Don't try to impress us with the depth of your anguish; use the space for a super-concise problem description instead.

One good convention for subject headers, used by many tech support organizations, is 「object - deviation」. The 「object」 part specifies what thing or group of things is having a problem, and the 「deviation」 part describes the deviation from expected behavior.

specific ：特殊的，特定的；明確的；詳細的；具備特效的
subject ：主題，題目，問題
opportunity ：機會，時機
attract ：吸引，引發。。。的注意
qualified ：有資格的，合適的
characters ：人物
babble ：喋喋不休
reflex ：反射能力
anguish ：極度的痛苦
concise ：簡明的
convention ：習俗，慣例
organizations ：團體，機構
deviation ：背離，偏離
specifies ：制定 specify

使用有意義且描述明確的標題

在郵件列表、新聞羣組或論壇中，大約 50 字之內的標題是抓住資深專家注意力的好機會。別用喋喋不休的幫幫忙、跪求、急（更別說救命啊！！！！這樣讓人反感的話，用這種標題會被條件反射式地忽略）來浪費這個機會。不要妄想用你的痛苦程度來打動咱們，而應該是在這點空間中使用極簡單扼要的描述方式來提出問題。

一個好標題範例是目標 —— 差別式的描述，許多技術支持組織就是這樣作的。在目標部分指出是哪個或哪一組東西有問題，在差別部分則描述與指望的行爲不一致的地方。

能夠用一個列表（包含目標，差別兩列）的形式，展示出來

Stupid:

HELP! Video doesn't work properly on my laptop!

Smart:

X.org 6.8.1 misshapen mouse cursor, Fooware MV1005 vid. chipset

Smarter:

X.org 6.8.1 mouse cursor on Fooware MV1005 vid. chipset - is misshapen

    蠢問題：救命啊！個人筆記本電腦不能正常顯示了！

    聰明問題：X.org 6.8.1 的鼠標光標會變形，某牌顯卡 MV1005 芯片組。

    更聰明問題：X.org 6.8.1 的鼠標光標，在某牌顯卡 MV1005 芯片組環境下 - 會變形。

The process of writing an 「object-deviation」 description will help you organize your thinking about the problem in more detail. What is affected? Just the mouse cursor or other graphics too? Is this specific to the X.org version of X? To version 6.8.1? Is this specific to Fooware video chipsets? To model MV1005? A hacker who sees the result can immediately understand what it is that you are having a problem with and the problem you are having, at a glance.

properly ：適當的額，正確的，恰當的
laptop ：膝上型輕便電腦
misshapen ：奇怪形狀的，畸形的
fooware ：芯片集
organize ：組織，使有系統化
affected ：僞裝的，作做的
graphics ：製圖學
immediately ：當即，立刻，直接的嗯
glance ：一瞥，匆匆一看，掃視

 

編寫目標 —— 差別 式描述的過程有助於你組織對問題的細緻思考。是什麼被影響了？ 僅僅是鼠標光標或者還有其它圖形？只在 X.org 的 X 版中出現？或只是出如今 6.8.1 版中？ 是針對某牌顯卡芯片組？或者只是其中的 MV1005 型號？ 一個黑客只需瞄一眼就可以當即明白你的環境和你遇到的問題。

More generally, imagine looking at the index of an archive of questions, with just the subject lines showing. Make your subject line reflect your question well enough that the next person searching the archive with a question similar to yours will be able to follow the thread to an answer rather than posting the question again.

generally ：通常的
more generally ：總而言之
reflect ：反射，照出

 

總而言之，請想像一下你正在一個只顯示標題的存檔討論串（Thread）索引中查尋。讓你的標題更好地反映問題，可以使下一個搜索相似問題的人可以關注這個討論串，而不用再次提問相同的問題。

If you ask a question in a reply, be sure to change the subject line to indicate that you're asking a question. A Subject line that looks like 「Re: test」 or 「Re: new bug」 is less likely to attract useful amounts of attention. Also, pare quotation of previous messages to the minimum consistent with cluing in new readers.

indicate ：指示
pare ：修剪
quotation ：引用，引述，行情
minimum ：最小量
consistent ：一向的

若是你想在回覆中提出問題，記得要修改內容標題，以代表你是在問一個問題， 一個看起來像 Re: 測試 或者 Re: 新 bug 的標題很難引發足夠重視。另外，在不影響連貫性之下，適當引用並刪減前文的內容，能給新來的讀者留下線索。

Do not simply hit reply to a list message in order to start an entirely new thread. This will limit your audience. Some mail readers, like mutt, allow the user to sort by thread and then hide messages in a thread by folding the thread. Folks who do that will never see your message.

entirely ：所有地，完整地，徹底地
audience ：觀衆，聽衆，讀者
folding ：可摺疊的

 

對於討論串，不要直接點擊回覆來開始一個全新的討論串，這將限制你的觀衆。由於有些郵件閱讀程序，好比 mutt ，容許使用者按討論串排序並經過摺疊討論串來隱藏消息，這樣作的人永遠看不到你發的消息。

Changing the subject is not sufficient. Mutt, and probably other mail readers, looks at other information in the e-mail's headers to assign it to a thread, not the subject line. Instead start an entirely new e-mail.

sufficient ：足夠的，充足的
assign ：分配，交給
entirely ：所有地，完整地，徹底地

 

僅僅改變標題還不夠。mutt 和其它一些郵件閱讀程序還會檢查郵件標題之外的其它信息，以便爲其指定討論串。因此寧肯發一個全新的郵件。

On Web forums the rules of good practice are slightly different, because messages are usually much more tightly bound to specific discussion threads and often invisible outside those threads. Changing the subject when asking a question in reply is not essential. Not all forums even allow separate subject lines on replies, and nearly nobody reads them when they do. However, asking a question in a reply is a dubious practice in itself, because it will only be seen by those who are watching this thread. So, unless you are sure you want to ask only the people currently active in the thread, start a new one.

currently ： adv. 當前;目前;眼下
discussion ： n. 討論, 商討
dubious ： adj. 半信半疑的, 可疑的; 不可靠的, 冒風險的副 詞: dubiously 名 詞: dubiousness
essential ： adj. 必不可少的, 絕對必要的; 很是重要的; 本質的, 實質的, 基本的; n. 要素, 要點; 必需品名 詞: essentiality 副 詞: essentially
invisible ： adj. 看不見的; 暗藏的名 詞: invisibility or 副 詞: invisibly
separate ： vt. 使分離；使分居；使分開; vi. 分開；分居；隔開; adj. 分開的；單獨的; n. 抽印本；分開 時 態: separated, separating, separates...
slightly ： adv. 輕微地;稍稍; 細長;苗條;微小
tightly ： adv. 牢牢地；堅固地

在網頁論壇上，好的提問方式稍有不一樣，由於討論串與特定的信息緊密結合，而且一般在討論串外就看不到裏面的內容，故經過回覆提問，而非改變標題是可接受的。不是全部論壇都容許在回覆中出現分離的標題，並且這樣作了基本上沒有人會去看。不過，經過回覆提問，這自己就是曖昧的作法，由於它們只會被正在查看該標題的人讀到。因此，除非你只想在該討論串當前活躍的人羣中提問，否則仍是另起爐竈比較好。

Make it easy to reply

Finishing your query with 「Please send your reply to... 」 makes it quite unlikely you will get an answer. If you can't be bothered to take even the few seconds required to set up a correct Reply-To header in your mail agent, we can't be bothered to take even a few seconds to think about your problem. If your mail program doesn't permit this, get a better mail program. If your operating system doesn't support any e-mail programs that permit this, get a better operating system.

In Web forums, asking for a reply by e-mail is outright rude, unless you believe the information may be sensitive (and somebody will, for some unknown reason, let you but not the whole forum know it). If you want an e-mail copy when somebody replies in the thread, request that the Web forum send it; this feature is supported almost everywhere under options like 「watch this thread」, 「send e-mail on answers」, etc.

bothered ： adj. 煩的，感到討厭的
forum ： n. 論壇，討論會；法庭；公開討論的廣場
permit ： vi. 許可；容許; vt. 容許；許可; n. 許可證，執照 時 態: permitted, permitting, permits 名 詞: permittee 名 ...
query ： n. 問題, 疑問; vt. 質疑, 對…表示疑問名 詞: querier
sensitive ： adj. 易受傷害的, 易損壞的; 易受影響的; 敏感的; 易生氣的; 感情容易衝動的; 神經質的; 〈褒〉有細膩感情的; 同情理解的; 靈敏的; 須要當心處理的, 敏感的, 微妙的副 詞:...

 

使問題容易回覆

以請將你的回覆發送到……來結束你的問題多半會使你得不到回答。若是你以爲花幾秒鐘在郵件客戶端設置一下回復地址都麻煩，咱們也以爲花幾秒鐘思考你的問題更麻煩。若是你的郵件程序不支持這樣作，換個好點的；若是是操做系統不支持這種郵件程序，也換個好點的。

在論壇，要求經過電子郵件回覆是很是無禮的，除非你認爲回覆的信息可能比較敏感（有人會爲了某些未知的緣由，只讓你而不是整個論壇知道答案）。若是你只是想在有人回覆討論串時獲得電子郵件提醒，能夠要求網頁論壇發送給你。幾乎全部論壇都支持諸如追蹤此討論串、有回覆時發送郵件提醒等功能。

Write in clear, grammatical, correctly-spelled language

We've found by experience that people who are careless and sloppy writers are usually also careless and sloppy at thinking and coding (often enough to bet on, anyway). Answering questions for careless and sloppy thinkers is not rewarding; we'd rather spend our time elsewhere.

grammatical ：adj. 語法上的;符合語法規則的; adv. 符合語法規則地; n. 符合語法規則名 詞: grammaticality 副 詞: grammatically
sloppy ：adj. 衣着不整的；邋遢的; 草率的,粗心的,作事馬虎的; 過於傷感的；感情脆弱的; 寬鬆的；肥大的；不合身的; 濺滿水的; 太稀的; adv. 馬虎地;草率地; n. 草率,粗心

 

用清晰、正確、精準並語法正確的語句

咱們從經驗中發現，粗心的提問者一般也會粗心的寫程序與思考（我敢打包票）。回答粗枝大葉者的問題很不值得，咱們寧願把時間耗在別處。

So expressing your question clearly and well is important. If you can't be bothered to do that, we can't be bothered to pay attention. Spend the extra effort to polish your language. It doesn't have to be stiff or formal — in fact, hacker culture values informal, slangy and humorous language used with precision. But it has to be precise; there has to be some indication that you're thinking and paying attention.

Spell, punctuate, and capitalize correctly. Don't confuse 「its」 with 「it's」, 「loose」 with 「lose」, or 「discrete」 with 「discreet」. Don't TYPE IN ALL CAPS; this is read as shouting and considered rude. (All-smalls is only slightly less annoying, as it's difficult to read. Alan Cox can get away with it, but you can't.)

capitalize ： vt. 用大寫字母寫或印刷; 將轉做資本、用做資本或資本化; 充分利用某事物,從某事物中獲利; n. 資本化時 態: capitalized, capitalizing, capital...
confuse ： vt. 使混亂；使困惑 時 態: confused, confusing, confuses 副 詞: confusingly
correctly ： adv. 正確地;得體地
discrete ： adj. 分離的, 不相關聯的副 詞: discretely 名 詞: discreteness
expressing ： n. 表示, 表現, 表達; 表情; 感情; 詞, 措辭, 詞組
formal ： adj. 正式的；拘謹的；有條理的; n. 正式的社交活動；夜禮服 副 詞: formally 名 詞: formalness
indication ： n. 指示, 表示; 象徵, 跡象
polish ： n. 磨光，擦亮；上光劑，擦亮劑；優雅，精良; vi. 擦亮，變光滑; vt. 磨光，使發亮; adj. 波蘭的 Polishadj. 波蘭的,與波蘭有關的; 波蘭人的,波蘭語的; n...
precision ： n. 精確度, 準確
punctuate ： vt. & vi. 加標點符號,加標點; vt. 不時打斷某事物時 態: punctuated, punctuating, punctuates 形容詞: punctuativ...
slangy ： adj. 俚語的,好用俚語的
stiff ： adj. 嚴厲的；呆板的；堅硬的；拘謹的；艱難的; adv. 完全地；僵硬地; n. 死屍；使人討厭者；流通票據；勞動者; vt. 虧待侍者等; vi. 在商業上慘敗 比較級: sti...

 

正確的拼寫、標點符號和大小寫是很重要的。通常來講，若是你以爲這樣作很麻煩，不想在意這些，那咱們也以爲麻煩，不想在意你的提問。花點額外的精力斟酌一下字句，用不着太僵硬與正式 —— 事實上，黑客文化很看重能準確地使用非正式、俚語和幽默的語句。但它必須很準確，並且有跡象代表你是在思考和關注問題。

正確地拼寫、使用標點和大小寫，不要將its混淆爲it's，loose搞成lose或者將discrete弄成discreet。不要所有用大寫，這會被視爲無禮的大聲嚷嚷（所有小寫也好不到哪去，由於不易閱讀。Alan Cox （Linux開發者）也許能夠這樣作，但你不行）。

More generally, if you write like a semi-literate boob you will very likely be ignored. So don't use instant-messaging shortcuts. Spelling "you" as "u" makes you look like a semi-literate boob to save two entire keystrokes. Worse: writing like a l33t script kiddie hax0r is the absolute kiss of death and guarantees you will receive nothing but stony silence (or, at best, a heaping helping of scorn and sarcasm) in return.

absolute ： adj. 絕對的；徹底的；專制的; n. 絕對事物；絕對 名 詞: absoluteness
boob ： n. 蠢材，笨蛋；女人的乳房; vi. 犯愚蠢好笑的錯誤
generally ： adv. 通常地, 一般, 大致上, 普遍地, 廣泛地
instant ： n. 片刻, 頃刻, 剎那; adj. 當即的; 即食的, 當即可衝食的名 詞: instantness
messaging ： n. 柔軟絲織品
sarcasm ： n. 諷刺；挖苦；嘲笑
scorn ： n. 鄙視; 輕蔑; 受某人鄙視的人或事物; vt. 輕視, 蔑視; 不屑作時 態: scorned, scorning, scorns 名 詞: scorner 形容詞:...
semi-literate ： 賽來雄葡萄
shortcuts ： adj. 短時間的
silence ： n. 寂靜; 無聲; 沉默; 無音信, 失去聯繫; 寂靜的時刻; vt. 使安靜, 使沉默時 態: silenced, silencing, silences
stony ： adj. 多石的；無情的；石頭的 比較級: stonier, stoniest 副 詞: stonily 名 詞: stoniness

更白話的說，若是你寫得像是個半文盲[譯註：小白]，那多半得不到理睬。也不要使用即時通訊中的簡寫或火星文，如將的簡化爲d會使你看起來像一個爲了少打幾個鍵而省字的小白。更糟的是，若是像個小孩似地鬼畫符那絕對是在找死，能夠確定沒人會理你（或者最可能是給你一大堆指責與挖苦）。

If you are asking questions in a forum that does not use your native language, you will get a limited amount of slack for spelling and grammar errors — but no extra slack at all for laziness (and yes, we can usually spot that difference). Also, unless you know what your respondent's languages are, write in English. Busy hackers tend to simply flush questions in languages they don't understand, and English is the working language of the Internet. By writing in English you minimize your chances that your question will be discarded unread.

discarded ： adj. 放棄的, 刪除的@動詞discard的過去式和過去分詞形式
extra ： adv. 特別地，很是；另外; n. 額外的事物；臨時演員；號外；上等產品; adj. 額外的，另外收費的；特大的
flush ： vt. & vi. 沖刷, 清除; 面紅耳赤; 臉紅; adj. 齊平的, 同高的; 充裕的, 富裕的; n. 沖洗, 清洗; 臉紅; 激動; 喜悅時 態: flushed, flush...
minimize ： vt. 使減到最少；小看，極度輕視; vi. 最小化 時 態: minimized, minimizing, minimizes 名 詞: minimization 名 ...
respondent ： n. 被告名 詞: respondence or
slack ： adj. 鬆的; 清淡的, 不活躍的; 懈怠的, 馬虎的; vt. & vi. 懈怠; 偷懶; 減速; 放鬆; n. 鬆弛部分; 寬鬆褲比較級: slacker, slackest ...
spot ： n. 斑點, 污點; 地點, 場所; 少許; vt. & vi. 弄上污漬; vt. 看出, 認出 SPOTabbr. Satellite Positioning and Tracking...
unread ： adj. 未經閱讀的；無學問的，讀書很少的 

若是在使用非母語的論壇提問，你能夠犯點拼寫和語法上的小錯，但決不能在思考上馬虎（沒錯，咱們一般能弄清二者的分別）。同時，除非你知道回覆者使用的語言，不然請使用英語書寫。繁忙的黑客通常會直接刪除用他們看不懂語言寫的消息。在網絡上英語是通用語言，用英語書寫能夠將你的問題在還沒有被閱讀就被直接刪除的可能性降到最低。

If you are writing in English but it is a second language for you, it is good form to alert potential respondents to potential language difficulties and options for getting around them. Examples:

• English is not my native language; please excuse typing errors.

• If you speak $LANGUAGE, please email/PM me; I may need assistance translating my question.

• I am familiar with the technical terms, but some slang expressions and idioms are difficult for me.

• I've posted my question in $LANGUAGE and English. I'll be glad to translate responses, if you only use one or the other.

alert ：vt. 使警覺，使意識到；警告; adj. 警戒的，警覺的；留心的; n. 警報；警惕，警戒
potential ：adj. 潛在的, 有可能的; n. 潛力, 潛勢, 可能性副 詞: potentially
slang ：n. 俚語；行話; adj. 俚語的; vi. 用粗話罵; vt. 用俚語說
idioms ：n. 慣用語；成語；方言；風格

 

若是英文是你的外語（Second language），提示潛在回覆者你有潛在的語言困難是很好的： [譯註：如下附上原文以供使用]

    英文不是個人母語，請原諒個人錯字或語法。

    若是你說某語言，請寄信/私訊給我；我須要有人協助我翻譯個人問題。

    我對技術名詞很熟悉，但對於俗語或是特別用法比較不甚瞭解。

    我把個人問題用某語言和英文寫出來，若是你只用一種語言回答，我會樂意將其翻譯成另外一種。

Send questions in accessible, standard formats

If you make your question artificially hard to read, it is more likely to be passed over in favor of one that isn't. So:

accessible ：adj. 容易取得的，容易得到的，容易達到的; 可接近的，可進入的；易接近的，易進入的; 易見到的，易相處的，平易近人的，可與之打交道的; 可理解的，易懂的; 易受影響的，易感染的，易受引誘
standard ：n. 標準, 水準, 規範; 平均質量; 業務水平; 旗幟, 標杆; 支柱, 基座
artificially ：adv. 人工地,人爲地; 不天然地,作做地
favor ：n. 好感,寵愛,關切,歡心,好意,喜好; vt. 支持,同意,照顧,促成,喜歡,證明,賜予

 

使用易於讀取且標準的文件格式發送問題

若是你人爲地將問題搞得難以閱讀，它多半會被忽略，人們更願讀易懂的問題，因此：

• Send plain text mail, not HTML. (It's not hard to turn off HTML.)

• MIME attachments are usually OK, but only if they are real content (such as an attached source file or patch), and not merely boilerplate generated by your mail client (such as another copy of your message).

• Don't send e-mail in which entire paragraphs are single multiply-wrapped lines. (This makes it too difficult to reply to just part of the message.) Assume that your respondents will be reading mail on 80-character-wide text displays and set your line wrap accordingly, to something less than 80.

• However, do not wrap data (such as log file dumps or session transcripts) at any fixed column width. Data should be included as-is, so respondents can have confidence that they are seeing what you saw.

• Don't send MIME Quoted-Printable encoding to an English-language forum. This encoding can be necessary when you're posting in a language ASCII doesn't cover, but many e-mail agents don't support it. When they break, all those =20 glyphs scattered through the text are ugly and distracting — or may actively sabotage the semantics of your text.

• Never, ever expect hackers to be able to read closed proprietary document formats like Microsoft Word or Excel. Most hackers react to these about as well as you would to having a pile of steaming pig manure dumped on your doorstep. Even when they can cope, they resent having to do so.

• If you're sending e-mail from a Windows machine, turn off Microsoft's problematic 「Smart Quotes」 feature (From Tools > AutoCorrect Options, clear the smart quotes checkbox under AutoFormat As You Type.). This is so you'll avoid sprinkling garbage characters through your mail.

• In Web forums, do not abuse 「smiley」 and 「HTML」 features (when they are present). A smiley or two is usually OK, but colored fancy text tends to make people think you are lame. Seriously overusing smileys and color and fonts will make you come off like a giggly teenage girl, which is not generally a good idea unless you are more interested in sex than answers.

abuse ： n. 濫用；辱罵；虐待；弊端；惡習，陋習; vt. 濫用；辱罵；虐待 時 態: abused, abusing, abuses 名 詞: abuser
accordingly ： adv. 照着, 相應地; 所以, 因此, 因而
actively ： adv. 積極地；活躍地
as-is ： abbr. Advanced Scientific Instruments Symbolic Translator 高級科學儀器符號翻譯程序
Assume ： vt. 假定；承擔；呈現；採起; vi. 裝腔做勢；多管閒事 時 態: assumed, assuming, assumes 形容詞: assumable 副 詞: ...
attached ： adj. 愛慕的,關心的; 已婚的；有對象的; 歸屬的;附屬的; 不帶附加條件；無任何限制
attachments ： 接觸轉換
avoid ： vt. 避免；避開，躲避；消除 時 態: avoided, avoiding, avoids 形容詞: avoidable 副 詞: avoidably 名 詞:...
column ： n. 圓柱，柱形物；縱隊，列；專欄 形容詞: columned
cope ： vi. 成功地應付; 對付時 態: coped, coping, copes 名 詞: coper
distracting ： adv. 精神渙散地,發狂似的
doorstep ： n. 門階
entire ： adj. 所有的，整個的；全體的 名 詞: entireness
fancy ： n. 想像力；愛好；幻想; adj. 想象的；奇特的；精選的；昂貴的; vt. 設想；喜好；想象；自負; vi. 想象；幻想 副 詞: fancily 名 詞: fancine...
garbage ： n. 垃圾；廢物
generated ： 發電的
giggly ： adj. 傻笑的,吃吃笑的
glyphs ： n. 字形；雕文；占星學上所用的速記符號
lame ： adj. 瘸的; 站不住腳的, 差勁的, 蹩腳的比較級: lamer, lamest 副 詞: lamely 名 詞: lameness
manure ： vt. 施肥於；耕種; n. 肥料；糞肥 時 態: manured, manuring, manures 名 詞: manurer 形容詞: manurial
merely ： adv. 僅僅，只不過；只是
overusing ： n. 太高估價;訂價太高
paragraphs ： n. 巴拉圭,巴拉圭茶形容詞: Paraguayan
pile ： n. 堆；大量；建築羣; vt. 累積；打樁於; vi. 積累；堆積；擠 時 態: piled, piling, piles 形容詞: piled
plain ： n. 平原; adj. 清晰的; 明白的; 樸素的; 簡單的; 日常的; 坦白的, 坦率的, 真誠的; 徹底的; 十足的; 完全的比較級: plainer, plainest 縮 寫:...
Printable ： adj. 可印刷的名 詞: printability
problematic ： adj. 成問題的;有疑問的;陰暗的; adv. 成問題地,有疑問地副 詞: problematically
proprietary ： 控股公司 proprietaryadj. 私有的; 專利的, 有專利權的, 獨佔的; 業主的副 詞: proprietarily
Quoted ： v. 引證
Quoted-Printable ： 牌價,報價
react ： vi. 反應；影響；反抗；起副作用; vt. 使發生相互做用；使起化學反應 時 態: reacted, reacting, reacts
resent ： vt. 對…感到憤怒時 態: resented, resenting, resents
respondents ： n. 回答者,迴應者;應答器,響應器
sabotage ： vt. 妨害；對…採起破壞行動; vi. 從事破壞活動; n. 破壞；怠工；破壞活動 時 態: sabotaged, sabotaging, sabotages
scattered ： adj. 分散的;稀稀拉拉的
semantics ： n. 語義學
Seriously ： adv. 嚴重地;危險地; 認真地; 嚴肅地；當真地; 真的; 說真的; 很;很是; 認真對待；把…當回事
smileys ： n. 笑臉符號
sprinkling ： n. 少許;一點兒
transcripts ： adj. 穿晶的;跨晶粒的
ugly ： adj. 醜陋的；使人厭惡的；邪惡的 比較級: uglier, ugliest 副 詞: uglily 名 詞: ugliness
wrap ： vt. 包；隱藏；纏繞；掩護; vi. 纏繞；穿外衣；包起來; n. 外套；圍巾 WRAPabbr. Web-Ready Appliances Protocol可上網家電協議時 態: ...

• 使用純文字而不是 HTML (關閉 HTML 並不難）。
• 使用 MIME 附件一般是能夠的，前提是真正有內容（譬如附帶的源代碼或 patch），而不只僅是郵件程序生成的模板（譬如只是信件內容的拷貝）。
• 不要發送一段文字只是一行句子但自動換行後會變成多行的郵件（這使得回覆部份內容很是困難）。設想你的讀者是在 80 個字符寬的終端機上閱讀郵件，最好設置你的換行分割點小於 80 字。
• 可是，對一些特殊的文件不要設置固定寬度（譬如日誌檔案拷貝或會話記錄）。數據應該原樣包含，讓回覆者有信心他們看到的是和你看到的同樣的東西。
• 在英語論壇中，不要使用Quoted-Printable MIME 編碼發送消息。這種編碼對於張貼非 ASCII 語言多是必須的，但不少郵件程序並不支持這種編碼。當它們處理換行時，那些文本中四處散佈的=20符號既難看也分散注意力，甚至有可能破壞內容的語意。
• 絕對，永遠不要期望黑客們閱讀使用封閉格式編寫的文檔，像微軟公司的 Word 或 Excel 文件等。大多數黑客對此的反應就像有人將還在冒熱氣的豬糞倒在你家門口時你的反應同樣。即使他們可以處理，他們也很厭惡這麼作。
• 若是你從使用 Windows 的電腦發送電子郵件，關閉微軟愚蠢的智能引號功能 （從[選項] > [校正] > [自動校訂選項]，勾選掉智能引號單選框），以避免在你的郵件中處處散佈垃圾字符。
• 在論壇，勿濫用表情符號和HTML功能（當它們提供時）。一兩個表情符號一般沒有問題，但花哨的彩色文本傾向於令人認爲你是個無能之輩。過濫地使用表情符號、色彩和字體會使你看來像個傻笑的小姑娘。這一般不是個好主意，除非你只是對性而不是對答案感興趣。

If you're using a graphical-user-interface mail client such as Netscape Messenger, MS Outlook, or their ilk, beware that it may violate these rules when used with its default settings. Most such clients have a menu-based 「View Source」 command. Use this on something in your sent-mail folder, verifying sending of plain text without unnecessary attached crud.

attached ： adj. 愛慕的,關心的; 已婚的；有對象的; 歸屬的;附屬的; 不帶附加條件；無任何限制
crud ： n. 渣滓；髒傢伙；攙和物；雜質
graphical ： adj. 繪成圖畫似的,繪畫的
Netscape ： 美國Netscape公司，以開發Internet瀏覽器聞名
verifying ： 維裏萊特耐蝕基合金
violate ： vt. 違反, 違背; 褻瀆; 侵犯, 妨礙時 態: violated, violating, violates 形容詞: violative 名 詞: violator

 

若是你使用圖形用戶界面的郵件程序（如微軟公司的 Outlook 或者其它相似的），注意它們的默認設置不必定知足這些要求。大多數這類程序有基於選單的查看源代碼命令，用它來檢查發送文件夾中的郵件，以確保發送的是純文本文件同時沒有一些奇怪的字符。

Be precise and informative about your problem

• Describe the symptoms of your problem or bug carefully and clearly.

• Describe the environment in which it occurs (machine, OS, application, whatever). Provide your vendor's distribution and release level (e.g.: 「Fedora Core 7」, 「Slackware 9.1」, etc.).

• Describe the research you did to try and understand the problem before you asked the question.

• Describe the diagnostic steps you took to try and pin down the problem yourself before you asked the question.

• Describe any possibly relevant recent changes in your computer or software configuration.

• If at all possible, provide a way to reproduce the problem in a controlled environment.

 

configuration ： n. 構造, 形狀, 外貌, 輪廓副 詞: configurationally 形容詞: configurative or
controlled ： adj. 受約束的,剋制的
diagnostic ： adj. 診斷的, 判斷的副 詞: diagnostically
distribution ： n. 分發, 分配; 散佈, 分佈形容詞: distributional
informative ： adj. 提供信息的; adv. 提供信息地副 詞: informatively 名 詞: informativeness
occurs ： v. 重現
possibly ： adv. 可能地；大概；也許
precise ： adj. 精確的；明確的；嚴格的 名 詞: preciseness
release ： vt. 釋放; 放開; 發佈; 發行; 發售; n. 釋放, 排放, 解除; 釋放令; 公映的新影片, 發佈的新聞時 態: released, releasing, releases
relevant ： adj. 有關的, 切題的副 詞: relevantly
symptoms ： n. 病徵；症狀；症候
vendor ： n. 小販；賣主；自動售貨機

 

精確地描述問題並言之有物

• 仔細、清楚地描述你的問題或 Bug 的症狀。
• 描述問題發生的環境（機器配置、操做系統、應用程序、以及相關的信息），提供經銷商的發行版和版本號（如：Fedora Core 4、Slackware 9.1等）。
• 描述在提問前你是怎樣去研究和理解這個問題的。
• 描述在提問前爲肯定問題而採起的診斷步驟。
• 描述最近作過什麼可能相關的硬件或軟件變動。
• 儘量的提供一個能夠重現這個問題的可控環境的方法。

Do the best you can to anticipate the questions a hacker will ask, and answer them in advance in your request for help.

Giving hackers the ability to reproduce the problem in a controlled environment is especially important if you are reporting something you think is a bug in code. When you do this, your odds of getting a useful answer and the speed with which you are likely to get that answer both improve tremendously.

Simon Tatham has written an excellent essay entitled How to Report Bugs Effectively. I strongly recommend that you read it.

anticipate ：vt. 先於…行動; 預感, 指望
odds ：n. 不平等；概率；勝算；差異
tremendously ：adv. 極大地;極端地;極其;很是

儘可能去揣測一個黑客會怎樣反問你，在你提問以前預先將黑客們可能遇到的問題回答一遍。

以上幾點中，當你報告的是你認爲可能在代碼中的問題時，給黑客一個能夠重現你的問題的環境尤爲重要。當你這麼作時，你獲得有效的回答的機會和速度都會大大的提高。

Simon Tatham 寫過一篇名爲《如何有效的報告 Bug》的出色文章。強力推薦你也讀一讀。

Volume is not precision

You need to be precise and informative. This end is not served by simply dumping huge volumes of code or data into a help request. If you have a large, complicated test case that is breaking a program, try to trim it and make it as small as possible.

This is useful for at least three reasons. One: being seen to invest effort in simplifying the question makes it more likely you'll get an answer, Two: simplifying the question makes it more likely you'll get a useful answer. Three: In the process of refining your bug report, you may develop a fix or workaround yourself.

complicated ： adj. 結構複雜的副 詞: complicatedly 名 詞: complicatedness
huge ： adj. 巨大的, 龐大的比較級: huger, hugest 副 詞: hugely 名 詞: hugeness
informative ： adj. 提供信息的; adv. 提供信息地副 詞: informatively 名 詞: informativeness
invest ： vt. 投資；耗費；授予；覆蓋；包圍; vi. 投資，入股；花錢買 時 態: invested, investing, invests 形容詞: investable 名...
precision ： n. 精確度, 準確
refining ： n. 精煉
simplifying ： n. 簡化主義；單純化主義 形容詞: simplistic 副 詞: simplistically
trim ： vt. 修剪, 整修; 除去, 削減; 裝飾; adj. 整齊的, 整潔的, 勻稱漂亮的; n. 修剪; 準備就緒, 層次分明, 整整齊齊, 狀態極佳 Trim三次掩蔽技術 TRIMab...
volume ： n. 卷, 冊, 書卷; 體積; 容積, 容量; 音量, 響度
workaround ： n. 工做區

 

話不在多而在精

你須要提供精確有內容的信息。這並非要求你簡單的把成堆的出錯代碼或者資料徹底轉錄到你的提問中。若是你有龐大而複雜的測試樣例能重現程序掛掉的情境，儘可能將它剪裁得越小越好。

這樣作的用處至少有三點。 第一，表現出你爲簡化問題付出了努力，這能夠使你獲得回答的機會增長； 第二，簡化問題使你更有可能獲得有用的答案； 第三，在精煉你的 bug 報告的過程當中，你極可能就本身找到了解決方法或權宜之計。

Don't rush to claim that you have found a bug

When you are having problems with a piece of software, don't claim you have found a bug unless you are very, very sure of your ground. Hint: unless you can provide a source-code patch that fixes the problem, or a regression test against a previous version that demonstrates incorrect behavior, you are probably not sure enough. This applies to webpages and documentation, too; if you have found a documentation 「bug」, you should supply replacement text and which pages it should go on.

Remember, there are many other users that are not experiencing your problem. Otherwise you would have learned about it while reading the documentation and searching the Web (you did do that before complaining, didn't you?). This means that very probably it is you who are doing something wrong, not the software.

The people who wrote the software work very hard to make it work as well as possible. If you claim you have found a bug, you'll be impugning their competence, which may offend some of them even if you are correct. It's especially undiplomatic to yell 「bug」 in the Subject line.

When asking your question, it is best to write as though you assume you are doing something wrong, even if you are privately pretty sure you have found an actual bug. If there really is a bug, you will hear about it in the answer. Play it so the maintainers will want to apologize to you if the bug is real, rather than so that you will owe them an apology if you have messed up.

actual ： adj. 真實的，實際的；現行的，目前的 副 詞: actually
apology ： n. 道歉, 認錯, 愧悔
claim ： vt. 聲稱, 斷言; 使失蹤或死亡; 須要, 值得; vt. & vi. 對…提出要求, 索取; n. 主張, 斷言; 要求時 態: claimed, claiming, claims...
competence ： n. 能力, 技能; 權限, 管轄權
complaining ： adj. 訴苦的,抱怨的
demonstrates ： n. 代表;證實;示範; 遊行示威
especially ： adv. 尤爲, 特別
ground ： n. 地面；土地；範圍；戰場; vt. 打基礎；使擱淺；使接觸地面; vi. 擱淺；着陸; adj. 土地的；地面上的；磨碎的；磨過的; v. 壓迫；研磨 時 態: grounded,...
Hint ： n. 暗示；線索; vt. 暗示；示意; vi. 示意 時 態: hinted, hinting, hints 名 詞: hinter
impugning ： n. 責難,攻擊
incorrect ： adj. 錯誤的, 不正確的; 不能接受的副 詞: incorrectly 名 詞: incorrectness
maintainers ： 平面分割
messed up ： n. Monsei- gneur 的複數
otherwise ： adv. 用別的方法, 不一樣地; 在其餘方面; 除此之外; conj. 不然; 要否則
patch ： n. 眼罩；斑點；碎片；小塊土地; vt. 修補；掩飾；解決; vi. 打補丁 時 態: patched, patching, patches 形容詞: patchable ...
privately ： adv. 私下地;不公開地
regression ： n. 衰退
replacement ： n. 代替, 替換, 更換; 替換的人
undiplomatic ： adj. 無外交策略的副 詞: undiplomatically

別動輒聲稱找到 Bug

當你在使用軟件中遇到問題，除非你很是、很是的有根據，不要動輒聲稱找到了 Bug。提示：除非你能提供解決問題的源代碼補丁，或者提供迴歸測試來代表前一版本中行爲不正確，不然你都多半不夠徹底確信。這一樣適用在網頁和文件，若是你（聲稱）發現了文件的Bug，你應該能提供相應位置的修正或替代文件。

請記得，還有許多其它使用者沒遇到你發現的問題，不然你在閱讀文件或搜索網頁時就應該發現了（你在抱怨前已經作了這些，是吧？）。這也意味着頗有多是你弄錯了而不是軟件自己有問題。

編寫軟件的人老是很是辛苦地使它儘量完美。若是你聲稱找到了 Bug，也就是在質疑他們的能力，即便你是對的，也有可能會冒犯到其中某部分人。當你在標題中嚷嚷着有Bug時，這尤爲嚴重。

提問時，即便你私下很是確信已經發現一個真正的 Bug，最好寫得像是你作錯了什麼。若是真的有 Bug，你會在回覆中看到這點。這樣作的話，若是真有 Bug，維護者就會向你道歉，這總比你惹惱別人而後欠別人一個道歉要好一點。

Grovelling is not a substitute for doing your homework

Some people who get that they shouldn't behave rudely or arrogantly, demanding an answer, retreat to the opposite extreme of grovelling. 「I know I'm just a pathetic newbie loser, but...」. This is distracting and unhelpful. It's especially annoying when it's coupled with vagueness about the actual problem.

Don't waste your time, or ours, on crude primate politics. Instead, present the background facts and your question as clearly as you can. That is a better way to position yourself than by grovelling.

Sometimes Web forums have separate places for newbie questions. If you feel you do have a newbie question, just go there. But don't grovel there either.

actual ： adj. 真實的，實際的；現行的，目前的 副 詞: actually
annoying ： adj. 討厭的;惱人的,令人煩惱的副 詞: annoyingly
arrogantly ： adv. 自大地,傲慢地
behave ： vi. 表現; 工做; vt. & vi. 守規矩時 態: behaved, behaving, behaves
coupled ： v. 聯接的；成對的；耦合的；共軛的
crude ： adj. 粗糙的；粗魯的；自然的，未加工的; n. 自然的物質；原油 比較級: cruder, crudest 副 詞: crudely 名 詞: crudity
demanding ： adj. 很費心的, 很費力的副 詞: demandingly
distracting ： adv. 精神渙散地,發狂似的
especially ： adv. 尤爲, 特別
extreme ： adj. 極端的；極度的；偏激的；盡頭的; n. 極端；末端；最大程度；極端的事物 副 詞: extremely 名 詞: extremeness
grovelling ： adj. 卑下的,奴顏婢膝的
newbie ： n. 網絡新手,新兵
opposite ： adj. 相反的；對面的；對立的; n. 對立面；反義詞; prep. 在…的對面; adv. 在對面 副 詞: oppositely 名 詞: oppositeness
pathetic ： adj. 可憐的，悲哀的；感傷的；乏味的 副 詞: pathetically
politics ： n. 政治活動; 政治學; 政論, 政見; 黨派傾向; 權術; 派別之爭
present ： vt. 呈現；介紹；提出；贈送; vi. 舉槍瞄準; adj. 出席的；如今的; n. 如今；禮物；瞄準 時 態: presented, presenting, presents ...
retreat ： n. 撤退；休息寓所；撤退; vi. 撤退；退避；向後傾; vt. 使後退；退 時 態: retreated, retreating, retreats 名 詞: retre...
rudely ： adv. 無禮地；粗暴地
substitute ： vt. & vi. 代替, 替換, 代用時 態: substituted, substituting, substitutes 名 詞: substitutability ...
vagueness ： n. 曖昧,含糊

低三下四不能代替你的功課

有些人明白他們不應粗魯或傲慢的提問並要求獲得答覆，但他們選擇另外一個極端 —— 低三下四：我知道我只是個可悲的新手，一個擼瑟，但...。這既令人困擾，也沒有用，尤爲是伴隨着與實際問題含糊不清的描述時更使人反感。

別用原始靈長類動物的把戲來浪費你個人時間。取而代之的是，儘量清楚地描述背景條件和你的問題狀況。這比低三下四更好地定位了你的位置。

有時網頁論壇會設有專爲新手提問的版面，若是你真的認爲遇到了初學者的問題，到那去就是了，但同樣別那麼低三下四。

Describe the problem's symptoms, not your guesses

It's not useful to tell hackers what you think is causing your problem. (If your diagnostic theories were such hot stuff, would you be consulting others for help?) So, make sure you're telling them the raw symptoms of what goes wrong, rather than your interpretations and theories. Let them do the interpretation and diagnosis. If you feel it's important to state your guess, clearly label it as such and describe why that answer isn't working for you.

causing ： 灼燒
diagnostic ： adj. 診斷的, 判斷的副 詞: diagnostically
interpretations ： adj. 做爲說明的,解釋的副 詞: interpretatively
stuff ： n. 材料；東西；填充物；素材資料; vt. 填塞；塞滿；讓吃飽; vi. 吃得過多 時 態: stuffed, stuffing, stuffs 名 詞: stuffer
symptoms ： n. 病徵；症狀；症候
theories ： vi. 創建理論; vt. 使理論化

描述問題症狀而非你的猜想

告訴黑客們你認爲問題是怎樣形成的並沒什麼幫助。（若是你的推斷如此有效，還用向別人求助嗎？），所以要確信你原本來本告訴了他們問題的症狀，而不是你的解釋和理論；讓黑客們來推測和診斷。若是你認爲陳述本身的猜想很重要，清楚地說明這只是你的猜想，並描述爲何它們不起做用。

Stupid:

I'm getting back-to-back SIG11 errors on kernel compiles, and suspect a hairline crack on one of the motherboard traces. What's the best way to check for those?

Smart:

My home-built K6/233 on an FIC-PA2007 motherboard (VIA Apollo VP2 chipset) with 256MB Corsair PC133 SDRAM starts getting frequent SIG11 errors about 20 minutes after power-on during the course of kernel compiles, but never in the first 20 minutes. Rebooting doesn't restart the clock, but powering down overnight does. Swapping out all RAM didn't help. The relevant part of a typical compile session log follows.

compiles ： 編排;編譯
frequent ： adj. 時常發生的；頻繁的；慣常的; vt. 常到，常去；時常出入於 時 態: frequented, frequenting, frequents also 名 詞: ...
kernel ： n. 核心，要點；精髓；內核；麥粒，穀粒；仁 形容詞: kerneled
motherboard ： n. 底板,母板
relevant ： adj. 有關的, 切題的副 詞: relevantly
suspect ： n. 嫌疑犯; adj. 不可信的；可疑的; vt. 懷疑；猜測; vi. 懷疑；猜測 時 態: suspected, suspecting, suspects
Swapping ： n. 交換,交換技術
typical ： adj. 典型的；特有的；象徵性的

蠢問題

    我在編譯內核時接連遇到 SIG11 錯誤， 我懷疑某條飛線搭在主板的走線上了，這種狀況應該怎樣檢查最好？

聰明問題

    個人組裝電腦是 FIC-PA2007 主機板搭載 AMD K6/233 CPU（威盛 Apollo VP2 芯片組）， 
256MB Corsair PC133 SDRAM 內存，在編譯內核時，從開機 20 分鐘之後就頻頻產生 SIG11 錯誤， 
可是在頭 20 分鐘內從沒發生過相同的問題。從新啓動也沒有用，可是關機一夜就又能工做 20 分鐘。 
全部內存都換過了，沒有效果。相關部分的標準編譯記錄以下…。

 

Since the preceding point seems to be a tough one for many people to grasp, here's a phrase to remind you: "All diagnosticians are from Missouri." That US state's official motto is "Show me" (earned in 1899, when Congressman Willard D. Vandiver said "I come from a country that raises corn and cotton and cockleburs and Democrats, and frothy eloquence neither convinces nor satisfies me. I'm from Missouri. You've got to show me.") In diagnosticians' case, it's not a matter of skepticism, but rather a literal, functional need to see whatever is as close as possible to the same raw evidence that you see, rather than your surmises and summaries. Show us.

cockleburs ： n. 波紋，起皺；鳥蛤
convinces ： adj. 可說服的,可以使信服的
Democrats ： adj. 德謨克利特的,德謨克利特哲學的
diagnosticians ： n. 診斷學
eloquence ： n. 口才;雄辯
evidence ： n. 證據，證實；跡象；明顯; vt. 證實 時 態: evidenced, evidencing, evidences
frothy ： adj. 多泡的；起泡的；空洞的，淺薄的 比較級: frothier, frothiest 副 詞: frothily 名 詞: frothiness
literal ： adj. 逐字的；無誇張的；文字的 名 詞: literalness
preceding ： adj. 在先的, 在前的, 前面的
raises ： n. 舉起,加薪,增長; v. 舉起,揚起,建造,飼養
satisfies ： vt. & vi. 使滿意; 知足; vt. 使確信; 符合, 達到時 態: satisfied, satisfying, satisfies 名 詞: satisfier ...
skepticism ： n. 懷疑態度;懷疑論
surmises ： 馬來酸三甲丙咪嗪 

因爲以上這點彷佛讓許多人以爲難以配合，這裏有句話能夠提醒你：全部的診斷專家都來自密蘇里州。 美國國務院的官方座右銘則是：讓我看看（出自國會議員 Willard D. Vandiver 在 1899 年時的講話：我來自一個出產玉米，棉花，牛蒡和民主黨人的國家，滔滔雄辯既不能說服我，也不會讓我滿意。我來自密蘇里州，你必須讓我看看。） 針對診斷者而言，這並非一種懷疑，而只是一種真實而有用的需求，以便讓他們看到的是與你看到的原始證據儘量一致的東西，而不是你的猜想與概括的結論。因此，大方的展現給咱們看吧！

Describe your problem's symptoms in chronological order

The clues most useful in figuring out something that went wrong often lie in the events immediately prior. So, your account should describe precisely what you did, and what the machine and software did, leading up to the blowup. In the case of command-line processes, having a session log (e.g., using the script utility) and quoting the relevant twenty or so lines is very useful.

If the program that blew up on you has diagnostic options (such as -v for verbose), try to select options that will add useful debugging information to the transcript. Remember that more is not necessarily better; try to choose a debug level that will inform rather than drowning the reader in junk.

If your account ends up being long (more than about four paragraphs), it might be useful to succinctly state the problem up top, then follow with the chronological tale. That way, hackers will know what to watch for in reading your account.

blew ： blow的過去式，吹；毆打
blowup ： n. 爆炸; 叱責; 攝影放大; 發怒
chronological ： adj. 按時間的先後順序排列的; adv. 按時間的先後順序排列地副 詞: chronologically
clues ： n. 線索，蛛絲馬跡; v. 暗示；提示
describe ： vt. 描寫, 敘述; 畫出時 態: described, describing, describes 形容詞: describable 名 詞: describer
diagnostic ： adj. 診斷的, 判斷的副 詞: diagnostically
figuring ： n. 姓劻
immediately ： adv. 當即, 立刻; 直接地
junk ： n. 廢舊物品, 破爛物; vt. 丟棄, 廢棄時 態: junked, junking, junks
necessarily ： adv. 必要地, 必需地; 一定地; 必然地
paragraphs ： n. 巴拉圭,巴拉圭茶形容詞: Paraguayan
precisely ： adv. 精確地;剛好;細心地; 對, 的確如此
prior ： adj. 在先的，在前的；優先的; adv. 在前，居先 Prior普賴爾副 詞: priorly 名 詞: priorate
quoting ： v. 引用，引證
relevant ： adj. 有關的, 切題的副 詞: relevantly
succinctly ： adv. 簡潔地,簡便地
tale ： n. 故事；傳說；敘述；流言蜚語
transcript ： n. 抄本; 謄本; 打字本; 副本; 學生成績報告單
utility ： n. 功用, 效用; 公用事業

 

按發生時間前後列出問題症狀

問題發生前的一系列操做，每每就是對找出問題最有幫助的線索。所以，你的說明裏應該包含你的操做步驟，以及機器和軟件的反應，直到問題發生。在命令行處理的狀況下，提供一段操做記錄（例如運行腳本工具所生成的），並引用相關的若干行（如 20 行）記錄會很是有幫助。

若是掛掉的程序有診斷選項（如 -v 的詳述開關），試着選擇這些能在記錄中增長調試信息的選項。記住，多不等於好。試着選取適當的調試級別以便提供有用的信息而不是讓讀者淹沒在垃圾中。

若是你的說明很長（如超過四個段落），在開頭簡述問題，接下來再按時間順序詳述會有所幫助。這樣黑客們在讀你的記錄時就知道該注意哪些內容了。

Describe the goal, not the step

If you are trying to find out how to do something (as opposed to reporting a bug), begin by describing the goal. Only then describe the particular step towards it that you are blocked on.

Often, people who need technical help have a high-level goal in mind and get stuck on what they think is one particular path towards the goal. They come for help with the step, but don't realize that the path is wrong. It can take substantial effort to get past this.

Stupid:

How do I get the color-picker on the FooDraw program to take a hexadecimal RGB value?

Smart:

I'm trying to replace the color table on an image with values of my choosing. Right now the only way I can see to do this is by editing each table slot, but I can't get FooDraw's color picker to take a hexadecimal RGB value.

The second version of the question is smart. It allows an answer that suggests a tool better suited to the task.

blocked ： adj. 堵塞的；被封鎖的; v. 阻塞
blocked on ： n. 塊尾
FooDraw ： 食物聯繫
hexadecimal ： n.,adj. 十六進制
opposed ： adj. 敵對的；相反的; v. 使對立；反對
particular ： adj. 特定的, 某一的; 特殊的, 特別的, 特有的; 講究的, 挑剔的; 詳細的, 詳盡的; n. 詳情; 細目
stuck ： v. 刺; adj. 不能動的；被卡住的
substantial ： adj. 堅固的; 結實的; 大量的, 可觀的; 重大的, 重要的; 實質的, 基本的, 大致上的名 詞: substantiality 副 詞: substantial

描述目標而不是過程

若是你想弄清楚如何作某事（而不是報告一個 Bug），在開頭就描述你的目標，而後才陳述重現你所卡住的特定步驟。

常常尋求技術幫助的人在心中有個更高層次的目標，而他們在自覺得能達到目標的特定道路上被卡住了，而後跑來問該怎麼走，但沒有意識到這條路自己就有問題。結果要費很大的勁才能搞定。

蠢問題

    我怎樣才能從某繪圖程序的顏色選擇器中取得十六進制的的 RGB 值？

聰明問題

    我正試着用替換一幅圖片的色碼（color table）成本身選定的色碼，
我如今知道的惟一方法是編輯每一個色碼區塊（table slot）， 
但卻沒法從某繪圖程序的顏色選擇器取得十六進制的的 RGB 值。

第二種提問法比較聰明，你可能獲得像是的回覆。建議採用另外一個更合適的工具

Don't ask people to reply by private e-mail

Hackers believe solving problems should be a public, transparent process during which a first try at an answer can and should be corrected if someone more knowledgeable notices that it is incomplete or incorrect. Also, helpers get some of their reward for being respondents from being seen to be competent and knowledgeable by their peers.

When you ask for a private reply, you are disrupting both the process and the reward. Don't do this. It's the respondent's choice whether to reply privately — and if he or she does, it's usually because he or she thinks the question is too ill-formed or obvious to be interesting to others.

There is one limited exception to this rule. If you think the question is such that you are likely to get many answers that are all closely similar, then the magic words are 「e-mail me and I'll summarize the answers for the group」. It is courteous to try and save the mailing list or newsgroup a flood of substantially identical postings — but you have to keep the promise to summarize.

corrected ： adj. 折算的,修正的,校訂的
courteous ： adj. 彬彬有禮的; 客氣的副 詞: courteously 名 詞: courteousness
disrupting ： n. 中斷,分裂,瓦解,破壞
exception ： n. 例外
identical ： adj. 同一的副 詞: identically 名 詞: identicalness
ill-formed ： n. 厄運
incomplete ： adj. 不徹底的, 未完成的副 詞: incompletely 名 詞: incompleteness or
incorrect ： adj. 錯誤的, 不正確的; 不能接受的副 詞: incorrectly 名 詞: incorrectness
obvious ： adj. 明顯的; 顯而易見的副 詞: obviously 名 詞: obviousness
peers ： n. 平輩，同事; v. 凝視；比得上
reward ： n. 報酬；酬謝；報答; vt. 獎賞；獎勵 時 態: rewarded, rewarding, rewards 形容詞: rewardable 名 詞: rewar...
substantially ： adv. 本質上,實質上;大致上; 至關多地,大大地
summarize ： vt. 總結, 概述時 態: summarized, summarizing, summarizes 名 詞: summarization 名 詞: summarizer
transparent ： adj. 透明的; 含義清楚的, 顯而易見的副 詞: transparently 名 詞: transparentness

 

別要求使用私人電郵回覆

黑客們認爲問題的解決過程應該公開、透明，此過程當中若是更有經驗的人注意到不完整或者不當之處，最初的回覆纔可以、也應該被糾正。同時，做爲提供幫助者能夠獲得一些獎勵，獎勵就是他的能力和學識被其餘同行看到。

當你要求私下回復時，這個過程和獎勵都被停止。別這樣作，讓回覆者來決定是否私下回答 —— 若是他真這麼作了，一般是由於他認爲問題編寫太差或者太膚淺，以致於對其它人沒有興趣。

這條規則存在一條有限的例外，若是你確信提問可能會引來大量雷同的回覆時，那麼這個神奇的提問句會是向我發電郵，我將爲論壇概括這些回覆。試着將郵件列表或新聞羣組從洪水般的雷同回覆中解救出來是很是有禮貌的 —— 但你必須信守諾言。

Be explicit about your question

Open-ended questions tend to be perceived as open-ended time sinks. Those people most likely to be able to give you a useful answer are also the busiest people (if only because they take on the most work themselves). People like that are allergic to open-ended time sinks, thus they tend to be allergic to open-ended questions.

You are more likely to get a useful response if you are explicit about what you want respondents to do (provide pointers, send code, check your patch, whatever). This will focus their effort and implicitly put an upper bound on the time and energy a respondent must allocate to helping you. This is good.

To understand the world the experts live in, think of expertise as an abundant resource and time to respond as a scarce one. The less of a time commitment you implicitly ask for, the more likely you are to get an answer from someone really good and really busy.

So it is useful to frame your question to minimize the time commitment required for an expert to field it — but this is often not the same thing as simplifying the question. Thus, for example, 「Would you give me a pointer to a good explanation of X?」 is usually a smarter question than 「Would you explain X, please?」. If you have some malfunctioning code, it is usually smarter to ask for someone to explain what's wrong with it than it is to ask someone to fix it.

abundant ： adj. 大量的, 充足的副 詞: abundantly
allergic ： adj. 過敏的
allocate ： vt. 分配；撥出；使坐落於; vi. 分配；指定 時 態: allocated, allocating, allocates 形容詞: allocable 名 詞: ...
busiest ： adj. 最忙的
commitment ： 承諾
explicit ： adj. 詳述的, 明確的, 明晰的; 直言的, 絕不隱瞞的, 露骨的副 詞: explicitly 名 詞: explicitness
frame ： n. 框架；結構；畫面; vt. 設計；陷害；建造；使…適合; vi. 有成功但願; adj. 有木架的；有構架的 時 態: framed, framing, frames
implicitly ： adv. 含蓄地;暗示地; 無疑問地；無保留地；絕對地
malfunctioning ： Malagasy的法語拼寫形式
minimize ： vt. 使減到最少；小看，極度輕視; vi. 最小化 時 態: minimized, minimizing, minimizes 名 詞: minimization 名 ...
perceived ： n. 百分比，百分率；百分數；部分; adj. 百分之…的; adv. 以百分之…地
resource ： n. 資源，財力；辦法；智謀
respondent ： n. 被告名 詞: respondence or
scarce ： adj. 缺少的, 罕見的比較級: scarcer, scarcest 名 詞: scarceness
simplifying ： n. 簡化主義；單純化主義 形容詞: simplistic 副 詞: simplistically
sinks ： 沉物
thus ： adv. 以此方式, 如此, 這樣; 其結果是, 所以, 因而
upper ： adj. 上面的，上部的；較高的

 

清楚明確的表達你的問題以及需求

漫無邊際的提問是近乎無休無止的時間黑洞。最有可能給你有用答案的人一般也正是最忙的人（他們忙是由於要親自完成大部分工做）。這樣的人對無節制的時間黑洞至關厭惡，因此他們也傾向於厭惡那些漫無邊際的提問。

若是你明確表述須要回答者作什麼（如提供指點、發送一段代碼、檢查你的補丁、或是其餘等等），就最有可能獲得有用的答案。由於這會定出一個時間和精力的上限，便於回答者能集中精力來幫你。這麼作很棒。

要理解專家們所處的世界，請把專業技能想像爲充裕的資源，而回復的時間則是稀缺的資源。你要求他們奉獻的時間越少，你越有可能從真正專業並且很忙的專家那裏獲得解答。

因此，界定一下你的問題，使專家花在辨識你的問題和回答所須要付出的時間減到最少，這技巧對你有用答案至關有幫助 —— 但這技巧一般和簡化問題有所區別。所以，問---我想更好的理解 X，能否指點一下哪有好一點說明？一般比問你能解釋一下 X 嗎？更好。若是你的代碼不能運做，一般請別人看看哪裏有問題，比要求別人替你改正要明智得多。

When asking about code

Don't ask others to debug your broken code without giving a hint what sort of problem they should be searching for. Posting a few hundred lines of code, saying "it doesn't work", will get you ignored. Posting a dozen lines of code, saying "after line 7 I was expecting to see <x>, but <y> occurred instead" is much more likely to get you a response.

The most effective way to be precise about a code problem is to provide a minimal bug-demonstrating test case. What's a minimal test case? It's an illustration of the problem; just enough code to exhibit the undesirable behavior and no more. How do you make a minimal test case? If you know what line or section of code is producing the problematic behavior, make a copy of it and add just enough supporting code to produce a complete example (i.e. enough that the source is acceptable to the compiler/interpreter/whatever application processes it). If you can't narrow it down to a particular section, make a copy of the source and start removing chunks that don't affect the problematic behavior. The smaller your minimal test case is, the better (see the section called 「Volume is not precision」).

Generating a really small minimal test case will not always be possible, but trying to is good discipline. It may help you learn what you need to solve the problem on your own — and even when it doesn't, hackers like to see that you have tried. It will make them more cooperative.

If you simply want a code review, say as much up front, and be sure to mention what areas you think might particularly need review and why.

acceptable ： adj. 值得接受的, 可接受的名 詞: acceptability or 副 詞: acceptably
cooperative ： adj. 合做的, 協做的; 合做進行的; n. 合做社, 聯合體副 詞: cooperatively 名 詞: cooperativeness
demonstrating ： n. 代表;證實;示範; 遊行示威
discipline ： vt. 訓練, 訓導; 處罰, 懲罰; n. 訓練, 鍛鍊, 訓導; 紀律; 處罰, 處分; 學科時 態: disciplined, disciplining, disciplines ...
dozen ： n. 十二個，一打; adj. 一打的 形容詞: dozenth
exhibit ： vt. 顯示；展覽；提出; n. 展覽品；證據；展現會; vi. 展出；開展覽會 時 態: exhibited, exhibiting, exhibits 名 詞: exhi...
generating ： n. 發生,產生
hint ： n. 暗示；線索; vt. 暗示；示意; vi. 示意 時 態: hinted, hinting, hints 名 詞: hinter
illustration ： n. 插圖, 圖表, 圖案; 例證, 實例; 說明, 圖解, 圖示形容詞: illustrational
minimal ： adj. 〈正式〉最小的; 極少的名 詞: minimality 副 詞: minimally
narrow ： adj. 狹窄的，有限的；度量小的；精密的；勉強的; n. 狹窄部分，隘路；海峽; vt. 使變狹窄; vi. 變窄 比較級: narrower, narrowest 形容詞: ...
occurred ： v. 發生
particularly ： adv. 特別; 尤爲
problematic ： adj. 成問題的;有疑問的;陰暗的; adv. 成問題地,有疑問地副 詞: problematically
undesirable ： adj. 可能招致麻煩或不便的;不想要的; 不受你們歡迎的;討厭的; n. 不受歡迎的人;不良分子名 詞: undesirability 副 詞: undesirably

 

詢問有關代碼的問題時

別要求他人幫你調試有問題的代碼，不提示一下應該從何入手。張貼幾百行的代碼，而後說一聲：它不能工做會讓你徹底被忽略。只貼幾十行代碼，而後說一句：在第七行之後，我期待它顯示 <x>，但實際出現的是 <y>比較有可能讓你獲得迴應。

最有效描述程序問題的方法是提供最精簡的 Bug 展現測試用例（bug-demonstrating test case）。什麼是最精簡的測試用例？那是問題的縮影；一小個程序片斷能恰好展現出程序的異常行爲，而不包含其餘使人分散注意力的內容。怎麼製做最精簡的測試用例？若是你知道哪一行或哪一段代碼會形成異常的行爲，複製下來並加入足夠重現這個情況的代碼（例如，足以讓這段代碼能被編譯/直譯/被應用程序處理）。若是你沒法將問題縮減到一個特定區塊，就複製一份代碼並移除不影響產生問題行爲的部分。總之，測試用例越小越好（查看話不在多而在精一節）。

通常而言，要獲得一段至關精簡的測試用例並不太容易，但永遠先嚐試這樣作的是種好習慣。這種方式能夠幫助你瞭解如何自行解決這個問題 —— 並且即便你的嘗試不成功，黑客們也會看到你在嘗試取得答案的過程當中付出了努力，這可讓他們更願意與你合做。

若是你只是想讓別人幫忙審查（Review）一下代碼，在信的開頭就要說出來，而且必定要提到你認爲哪一部分特別須要關注以及爲何。

Don't post homework questions

Hackers are good at spotting homework questions; most of us have done them ourselves. Those questions are for you to work out, so that you will learn from the experience. It is OK to ask for hints, but not for entire solutions.

If you suspect you have been passed a homework question, but can't solve it anyway, try asking in a user group forum or (as a last resort) in a 「user」 list/forum of a project. While the hackers will spot it, some of the advanced users may at least give you a hint.

entire ： adj. 所有的，整個的；全體的 名 詞: entireness
hints ： n. 暗示，提示; v. 暗示，示意
spot ： n. 斑點, 污點; 地點, 場所; 少許; vt. & vi. 弄上污漬; vt. 看出, 認出 SPOTabbr. Satellite Positioning and Tracking...
spotting ： n. 測定點位
suspect ： n. 嫌疑犯; adj. 不可信的；可疑的; vt. 懷疑；猜測; vi. 懷疑；猜測 時 態: suspected, suspecting, suspects

別把本身家庭做業的問題貼上來

黑客們很擅長分辨哪些問題是家庭做業式的問題；由於咱們中的大多數都曾本身解決這類問題。一樣，這些問題得由你來搞定，你會從中學到東西。你能夠要求給點提示，但別要求獲得完整的解決方案。

若是你懷疑本身碰到了一個家庭做業式的問題，但仍然沒法解決，試試在使用者羣組，論壇或（最後一招）在項目的使用者郵件列表或論壇中提問。儘管黑客們會看出來，但一些有經驗的使用者也許仍會給你一些提示。

Prune pointless queries

Resist the temptation to close your request for help with semantically-null questions like 「Can anyone help me?」 or 「Is there an answer?」 First: if you've written your problem description halfway competently, such tacked-on questions are at best superfluous. Second: because they are superfluous, hackers find them annoying — and are likely to return logically impeccable but dismissive answers like 「Yes, you can be helped」 and 「No, there is no help for you.」

In general, asking yes-or-no questions is a good thing to avoid unless you want a yes-or-no answer.

annoying ： adj. 討厭的;惱人的,令人煩惱的副 詞: annoyingly
avoid ： vt. 避免；避開，躲避；消除 時 態: avoided, avoiding, avoids 形容詞: avoidable 副 詞: avoidably 名 詞:...
dismissive ： adj. 輕視的, 輕蔑的, 鄙視的
impeccable ： adj. 無瑕疵的；沒有缺點的 名 詞: impeccability 副 詞: impeccably
logically ： adv. 邏輯上;符合邏輯地; 能推理地
pointless ： adj. 無心義的;不可能有結果的;無用的;無益的; adv. 無心義地;無用地;無益地; n. 無心義,空洞副 詞: pointlessly 名 詞: pointlessness
Prune ： n. 西梅脯, 西梅乾; vt. 修剪; 精簡某事物; 除去某事物多餘的部分 Prune苯磺素時 態: pruned, pruning, prunes 名 詞: pruner
queries ： adj. 易發牢騷的
resist ： vt. & vi. 使用武力阻止發生; 抵抗; 對抗; vt. 不受損害; 抗; 耐; 不屈從; 經得住時 態: resisted, resisting, resists 名 詞:...
semantically ： n. 語義學者
semantically-null ： n. 語義學者
superfluous ： adj. 過多的; 過剩的; 多餘的副 詞: superfluously 名 詞: superfluousness
tacked ： n. 敲平頭釘器；敲平頭釘的人
tacked-on ： n. 敲平頭釘器；敲平頭釘的人
temptation ： n. 誘惑, 引誘; 誘惑物

去掉無心義的提問句

避免用無心義的話結束提問，例如：有人能幫我嗎？或者這有答案嗎？。

首先：若是你對問題的描述不是很好，這樣問更是多此一舉。

其次：因爲這樣問是多此一舉，黑客們會很厭煩你 —— 並且一般會用邏輯上正確，但毫無心義的回答來表示他們的蔑視， 例如：沒錯，有人能幫你或者不，沒答案。

通常來講，避免用 是或否、對或錯、有或沒有類型的問句，除非你想獲得是或否類型的回答。

Don't flag your question as 「Urgent」, even if it is for you

That's your problem, not ours. Claiming urgency is very likely to be counter-productive: most hackers will simply delete such messages as rude and selfish attempts to elicit immediate and special attention. Furthermore, the word 'Urgent' (and other similar attempts to grab attention in the subject line) often triggers spam filters - your intended recipients might never see it at all!

There is one semi-exception. It can be worth mentioning if you're using the program in some high-profile place, one that the hackers will get excited about; in such a case, if you're under time pressure, and you say so politely, people may get interested enough to answer faster.

This is a very risky thing to do, however, because the hackers' metric for what is exciting probably differs from yours. Posting from the International Space Station would qualify, for example, but posting on behalf of a feel-good charitable or political cause would almost certainly not. In fact, posting 「Urgent: Help me save the fuzzy baby seals!」 will reliably get you shunned or flamed even by hackers who think fuzzy baby seals are important.

If you find this mysterious, re-read the rest of this how-to repeatedly until you understand it before posting anything at all.

attempts ： n. 企圖，試圖；嘗試; v. 試圖；努力去作
Claiming ： n. 權利要求；要求，請求權；債權；索賠; v. 要求；主張
counter ： n. 櫃檯, 櫃檯式長桌; 計數器; vt. & vi. 對抗, 反駁; adv. 反方向地, 對立地時 態: countered, countering, counters
counter-productive ： 造型的輪廓
elicit ： vt. 引出, 探出時 態: elicited, eliciting, elicits 名 詞: elicitation 名 詞: elicitor
exception ： n. 例外
excited ： adj. 興奮的, 激動的; 喜悅的, 快樂的副 詞: excitedly
flamed ： 火焰穩定器
furthermore ： adv. 並且, 此外
fuzzy ： adj. 模糊的；有絨毛的；失真的 比較級: fuzzier, fuzziest 副 詞: fuzzily 名 詞: fuzziness
grab ： vt. & vi. 搶先, 搶佔; vt. 攫取, 抓住; 對…有好感, 對…產生影響; n. 試圖抓取, 有意搶奪時 態: grabbed, grabbing, grabs 名 ...
immediate ： adj. 當即的, 即刻的; 緊迫的; 目前的, 當前的; 直接的; 最接近的名 詞: immediateness
intended ： adj. 故意的，有意的；打算中的; n. 已訂婚者; v. 打算；準備 副 詞: intendedly
mentioning ： 幻覺性精神病
mysterious ： adj. 神祕的; 難以理解的; 詭祕的副 詞: mysteriously 名 詞: mysteriousness
politely ： adv. 客氣地；委婉地；殷勤地；有禮貌地
productive ： adj. 多產的, 富饒的; 富有成效的; 有益的副 詞: productively 名 詞: productiveness
recipients ： n. 收件人
reliably ： adv. 可靠地；確實地
repeatedly ： adv. 重複地,再三地
rude ： adj. 粗魯的；無禮的；狂暴的；未開化的 比較級: ruder, rudest 副 詞: rudely 名 詞: rudeness
selfish ： adj. 自私的；利己主義的 副 詞: selfishly 名 詞: selfishness
semi ： n. 半獨立式住宅
semi-exception ： 半消耗的
shunned ： n. 支路; vt. 駕車走支路; adj. 走支路的；避開高速公路的 時 態: shunpiked, shunpiking, shunpikes 名 詞: shunpiker
spam ： 兜售信息，非索要信息時 態: spammed, spamming, spams
triggers ： n. 觸發器；觸發物; v. 引爆；引發
urgency ： n. 緊迫;急迫;急事；緊要; 催促;堅持
urgent ： adj. 緊急的；急迫的 副 詞: urgently

 

即便你很急也不要在標題寫緊急

這是你的問題，不是咱們的。宣稱緊急極有可能事與願違：大多數黑客會直接刪除無禮和自私地企圖即時引發關注的問題。更嚴重的是，緊急這個字（或是其餘企圖引發關注的標題）一般會被垃圾信過濾器過濾掉 —— 你但願能看到你問題的人可能永遠也看不到。

有半個例外的狀況是，若是你是在一些很高調，會使黑客們興奮的地方，也許值得這樣去作。在這種狀況下，若是你有時間壓力，也頗有禮貌地提到這點，人們也許會有興趣回答快一點。

固然，這風險很大，由於黑客們興奮的點多半與你的不一樣。譬如從 NASA 國際空間站（International Space Station）發這樣的標題沒有問題，但用自我感受良好的慈善行爲或政治緣由發確定不行。事實上，張貼諸如緊急：幫我救救這個毛絨絨的小海豹！確定讓你被黑客忽略或惹惱他們，即便他們認爲毛絨絨的小海豹很重要。

若是你以爲這點很難以想象，最好再把這份指南剩下的內容多讀幾遍，直到你弄懂了再發文。

Courtesy never hurts, and sometimes helps

Be courteous. Use 「Please」 and 「Thanks for your attention」 or 「Thanks for your consideration」. Make it clear you appreciate the time people spend helping you for free.

To be honest, this isn't as important as (and cannot substitute for) being grammatical, clear, precise and descriptive, avoiding proprietary formats etc.; hackers in general would rather get somewhat brusque but technically sharp bug reports than polite vagueness. (If this puzzles you, remember that we value a question by what it teaches us.)

However, if you've got your technical ducks in a row, politeness does increase your chances of getting a useful answer.

(We must note that the only serious objection we've received from veteran hackers to this HOWTO is with respect to our previous recommendation to use 「Thanks in advance」. Some hackers feel this connotes an intention not to thank anybody afterwards. Our recommendation is to either say 「Thanks in advance」 first and thank respondents afterwards, or express courtesy in a different way, such as by saying 「Thanks for your attention」 or 「Thanks for your consideration」.)

appreciate ： vt. 感激, 感謝; 欣賞, 賞識, 重視; 意識到, 體會; vt. & vi. 增值, 漲價時 態: appreciated, appreciating, appreciates ...
brusque ： adj. 唐突的；直率的；無禮的 副 詞: brusquely 名 詞: brusqueness
connotes ： adj. 隱含的,內涵的
courteous ： adj. 彬彬有禮的; 客氣的副 詞: courteously 名 詞: courteousness
courtesy ： n. 禮貌；好意；恩惠; adj. 殷勤的；被認可的；出於禮節的
descriptive ： adj. 說明的;解釋的; 描寫的副 詞: descriptively 名 詞: descriptiveness
grammatical ： adj. 語法上的;符合語法規則的; adv. 符合語法規則地; n. 符合語法規則名 詞: grammaticality 副 詞: grammatically
intention ： n. 意圖, 意向; 目的; 打算
objection ： n. 反對, 異議; 厭惡; 反對的理由
politeness ： n. 有禮貌;客氣;文雅; 有禮貌的行爲;客氣的詞語
proprietary ： 控股公司 proprietaryadj. 私有的; 專利的, 有專利權的, 獨佔的; 業主的副 詞: proprietarily
puzzles ： n. 智力遊戲；遊戲拼圖；謎題; v. 使迷惑；感到迷惑；左思右想
recommendation ： n. 推薦, 勸告, 建議; 推薦信, 介紹信形容詞: recommendatory
respect ： vt. 尊重, 敬佩; n. 尊敬, 尊重; 考慮, 關心, 顧慮; 細節, 方面; 敬意, 問候時 態: respected, respecting, respects 名 詞:...
serious ： adj. 嚴肅的，嚴重的；認真的；莊重的；危急的 副 詞: seriously 名 詞: seriousness
substitute ： vt. & vi. 代替, 替換, 代用時 態: substituted, substituting, substitutes 名 詞: substitutability ...
vagueness ： n. 曖昧,含糊
veteran ： n. 經驗豐富的人; 老兵; 退伍軍人

禮多人不怪，並且有時還頗有幫助

彬彬有禮，多用請和謝謝您的關注，或謝謝你的關照。讓你們都知道你對他們花時間免費提供幫助心存感激。

坦白說，這一點並無比清晰、正確、精準併合法語法和避免使用專用格式重要（也不能取而代之）。黑客們通常寧肯讀有點唐突但技術上鮮明的 Bug 報告，而不是那種有禮但含糊的報告。（若是這點讓你不解，記住咱們是按問題能教給咱們什麼來評價問題的價值的）

然而，若是你有一串的問題待解決，客氣一點確定會增長你獲得有用迴應的機會。

（咱們注意到，自從本指南發佈後，從資深黑客那裏獲得的惟一嚴重缺陷反饋，就是對預先道謝這一條。一些黑客以爲先謝了意味着過後就不用再感謝任何人的暗示。咱們的建議是要麼先說先謝了，而後過後再對回覆者表示感謝，或者換種方式表達感激，譬如用謝謝你的關注或謝謝你的關照。）

Follow up with a brief note on the solution

Send a note after the problem has been solved to all who helped you; let them know how it came out and thank them again for their help. If the problem attracted general interest in a mailing list or newsgroup, it's appropriate to post the followup there.

Optimally, the reply should be to the thread started by the original question posting, and should have ‘FIXED’, ‘RESOLVED’ or an equally obvious tag in the subject line. On mailing lists with fast turnaround, a potential respondent who sees a thread about 「Problem X」 ending with 「Problem X - FIXED」 knows not to waste his/her time even reading the thread (unless (s)he personally finds Problem X interesting) and can therefore use that time solving a different problem.

Your followup doesn't have to be long and involved; a simple 「Howdy — it was a failed network cable! Thanks, everyone. - Bill」 would be better than nothing. In fact, a short and sweet summary is better than a long dissertation unless the solution has real technical depth. Say what action solved the problem, but you need not replay the whole troubleshooting sequence.

For problems with some depth, it is appropriate to post a summary of the troubleshooting history. Describe your final problem statement. Describe what worked as a solution, and indicate avoidable blind alleys after that. The blind alleys should come after the correct solution and other summary material, rather than turning the follow-up into a detective story. Name the names of people who helped you; you'll make friends that way.

Besides being courteous and informative, this sort of followup will help others searching the archive of the mailing-list/newsgroup/forum to know exactly which solution helped you and thus may also help them.

Last, and not least, this sort of followup helps everybody who assisted feel a satisfying sense of closure about the problem. If you are not a techie or hacker yourself, trust us that this feeling is very important to the gurus and experts you tapped for help. Problem narratives that trail off into unresolved nothingness are frustrating things; hackers itch to see them resolved. The goodwill that scratching that itch earns you will be very, very helpful to you next time you need to pose a question.

Consider how you might be able to prevent others from having the same problem in the future. Ask yourself if a documentation or FAQ patch would help, and if the answer is yes send that patch to the maintainer.

Among hackers, this sort of good followup behavior is actually more important than conventional politeness. It's how you get a reputation for playing well with others, which can be a very valuable asset.

alleys ： n. 大街小巷；小巷，大巷
appropriate ： adj. 適當的, 恰當的; vt. 挪用; 佔用; 盜用; 撥出時 態: appropriated, appropriating, appropriates 副 詞: ap...
archive ： v. 存檔; n. 檔案文件動 詞: archive
asset ： n. 資產；有用的東西；有利條件；優勢
assisted ： adj. 爲殘疾人設計的
attracted ： adj. 具備吸引力的,引人注意的
avoidable ： adj. 能避免的;可迴避的; 可做爲無效的
blind ： adj. 瞎的；盲目的; adv. 看不見地；盲目地; n. 百葉窗；掩飾，藉口; vt. 使失明；使失去理智 比較級: blinder, blindest 副 詞: bli...
brief ： adj. 簡短的，簡潔的；短暫的，草率的; n. 概要，訴書；摘要，簡報; vt. 做…的提要；簡報，摘要 比較級: briefer, briefest 名 詞: brief...
closure ： n. 關閉；終止，結束; vt. 使終止 時 態: closured, closuring, closures
conventional ： adj. 依照慣例的, 約定俗成的, 依照傳統的; 常規的, 非核的名 詞: conventionalism 名 詞: conventionalist 副 詞: conv...
courteous ： adj. 彬彬有禮的; 客氣的副 詞: courteously 名 詞: courteousness
detective ： n. 偵探
dissertation ： n. 專題論文, 學位論文
equally ： adv. 相等地,同等地; 均等; 也,一樣
followup ： adj. 繼續的,做爲重複的
frustrating ： adj. 產生挫折的；令人沮喪的，使人泄氣的
general ： adj. 通常的，普通的；綜合的；大致的; n. 將軍，上將；通常；常規 名 詞: generalness
gurus ： n. 格斯
Howdy ： int. 你好
indicate ： vt. 標示, 指示, 指出; 象徵; 代表或暗示…的可能性時 態: indicated, indicating, indicates 形容詞: indicatory
informative ： adj. 提供信息的; adv. 提供信息地副 詞: informatively 名 詞: informativeness
involved ： adj. 捲入的；有關的；複雜的; v. 涉及；使參與；包含 副 詞: involvedly
itch ： n. 癢; vi. 發癢時 態: itched, itching, itches
narratives ： n. 敘述學
obvious ： adj. 明顯的; 顯而易見的副 詞: obviously 名 詞: obviousness
optimally ： 最優軌道
politeness ： n. 有禮貌;客氣;文雅; 有禮貌的行爲;客氣的詞語
potential ： adj. 潛在的, 有可能的; n. 潛力, 潛勢, 可能性副 詞: potentially
prevent ： vt. 預防，防止；阻止; vi. 妨礙，阻止 時 態: prevented, preventing, prevents 名 詞: preventability or ...
reputation ： n. 名氣, 名聲, 名譽
scratching ： 刮痕
sequence ： n. 有關聯的一組事物, 一連串; 前後次序, 順序, 連續時 態: sequenced, sequencing, sequences
summary ： adj. 扼要的；簡易的; n. 概要，摘要 副 詞: summarily 名 詞: summariness
tapped ： adj. 發接觸音的
techie ： n. 技師；技術員
thus ： adv. 以此方式, 如此, 這樣; 其結果是, 所以, 因而
trail ： vt. & vi. 被拖在後面; vt. 跟蹤, 追蹤; vi. 輸, 失敗; n. 足跡; 臭跡; 小徑; 一縷, 一股時 態: trailed, trailing, trails
trail off ： adj. 〈美〉〈澳〉可放在拖車上載運的
turnaround ： n. 車輛迴轉場; 週轉時間

 

問題解決後，加個簡短的補充說明

問題解決後，向全部幫助過你的人發個說明，讓他們知道問題是怎樣解決的，並再一次向他們表示感謝。若是問題在新聞組或者郵件列表中引發了普遍關注，應該在那裏貼一個說明比較恰當。

最理想的方式是向最初提問的話題回覆此消息，並在標題中包含已修正，已解決或其它同等含義的明顯標記。在人來人往的郵件列表裏，一個看見討論串問題 X和問題 X - 已解決的潛在回覆者就明白不用再浪費時間了（除非他我的以爲問題 X的有趣），所以能夠利用此時間去解決其它問題。

補充說明沒必要很長或是很深刻；簡單的一句你好，原來是網線出了問題！謝謝你們 – Bill。比什麼也不說要來的好。事實上，除非結論真的頗有技術含量，不然簡短可愛的小結比長篇大論更好。說明問題是怎樣解決的，但大可沒必要將解決問題的過程複述一遍。

對於有深度的問題，張貼調試記錄的摘要是有幫助的。描述問題的最終狀態，說明是什麼解決了問題，在此以後才指明能夠避免的盲點。避免盲點的部分應放在正確的解決方案和其它總結材料以後，而不要將此信息搞成偵探推理小說。列出那些幫助過你的名字，會讓你交到更多朋友。

除了有禮貌和有內涵之外，這種類型的補充也有助於他人在郵件列表/新聞羣組/論壇中搜索到真正解決你問題的方案，讓他們也從中受益。

至少，這種補充有助於讓每位參與協助的人因問題的解決而從中獲得知足感。若是你本身不是技術專家或者黑客，那就相信咱們，這種感受對於那些你向他們求助的大師或者專家而言，是很是重要的。問題懸而未決會讓人灰心；黑客們渴望看到問題被解決。好人有好報，知足他們的渴望，你會在下次提問時嚐到甜頭。

思考一下怎樣才能避免他人未來也遇到相似的問題，自問寫一份文件或加個常見問題（FAQ）會不會有幫助。若是是的話就將它們發給維護者。

在黑客中，這種良好的後繼行動實際上比傳統的禮節更爲重要，也是你如何透過善待他人而贏得聲譽的方式，這是很是有價值的資產。

How To Interpret Answers

RTFM and STFW: How To Tell You've Seriously Screwed Up

There is an ancient and hallowed tradition: if you get a reply that reads 「RTFM」, the person who sent it thinks you should have Read The Fucking Manual. He or she is almost certainly right. Go read it.

RTFM has a younger relative. If you get a reply that reads 「STFW」, the person who sent it thinks you should have Searched The Fucking Web. He or she is almost certainly right. Go search it. (The milder version of this is when you are told 「Google is your friend!」)

In Web forums, you may also be told to search the forum archives. In fact, someone may even be so kind as to provide a pointer to the previous thread where this problem was solved. But do not rely on this consideration; do your archive-searching before asking.

Often, the person telling you to do a search has the manual or the web page with the information you need open, and is looking at it as he or she types. These replies mean that the responder thinks (a) the information you need is easy to find, and (b) you will learn more if you seek out the information than if you have it spoon-fed to you.

You shouldn't be offended by this; by hacker standards, your respondent is showing you a rough kind of respect simply by not ignoring you. You should instead be thankful for this grandmotherly kindness.

ancient ： adj. 古代的；古老的，過期的；年老的; n. 老人；古代人 副 詞: anciently 名 詞: ancientness
hallowed ： adj. 神聖的
interpret ： vt. 解釋; 說明; vt. & vi. 口譯; 翻譯時 態: interpreted, interpreting, interprets 名 詞: interpretabi...
Manual ： adj. 用手的, 手工的; n. 手冊, 指南副 詞: manually
milder ： n. 黴,黴病; vt. & vi. 發黴,長黴時 態: mildewed, mildewing, mildews 形容詞: mildewy
offended ： adj. 不舒服，生氣; v. 冒犯
relative ： adj. 相對的；有關係的；成比例的; n. 親戚；關係詞；相關物；親緣植物 名 詞: relativeness
rely ： vi. 信賴；依靠 時 態: relied, relying, relies 名 詞: relier
spoon-fed ： adj. 用匙喂的,被過度寵壞的,受填鴨式教育的
standards ： 入學標準

如何解讀答案

TFM 和 STFW：如何知道你已徹底搞砸了

有一個古老而神聖的傳統：若是你收到RTFM （Read The Fucking Manual）的迴應，回答者認爲你應該去讀他媽的手冊。固然，基本上他是對的，你應該去讀一讀。

RTFM 有一個年輕的親戚。若是你收到STFW（Search The Fucking Web）的迴應，回答者認爲你應該到他媽的網上搜索。那人多半也是對的，去搜索一下吧。（更溫和一點的說法是 Google 是你的朋友！）

在論壇，你也可能被要求去爬爬論壇的舊文。事實上，有人甚至可能熱心地爲你提供之前解決此問題的討論串。但不要依賴這種關照，提問前應該先搜索一下舊文。

一般，用這兩句之一回答你的人會給你一份包含你須要內容的手冊或者一個網址，並且他們打這些字的時候也正在讀着。這些答覆意味着回答者認爲

• a.你須要的信息很是容易得到；
• b.你本身去搜索這些信息比灌給你，能讓你學到更多。

你不該該所以不爽；依照黑客的標準，他已經表示了對你必定程度的關注，而沒有對你的要求視而不見。你應該對他祖母般的慈祥表示感謝。

If you don't understand...

If you don't understand the answer, do not immediately bounce back a demand for clarification. Use the same tools that you used to try and answer your original question (manuals, FAQs, the Web, skilled friends) to understand the answer. Then, if you still need to ask for clarification, exhibit what you have learned.

For example, suppose I tell you: 「It sounds like you've got a stuck zentry; you'll need to clear it.」 Then: here's a bad followup question: 「What's a zentry?」 Here's a good followup question: 「OK, I read the man page and zentries are only mentioned under the -z and -p switches. Neither of them says anything about clearing zentries. Is it one of these or am I missing something here?」

bounce ： n. 彈力；活力；跳; vt. 彈跳；使彈起; vi. 彈起，反跳；彈跳；彈回 時 態: bounced, bouncing, bounces
clarification ： n. 澄清,淨化;澄清法; 澄清、說明
demand ： vt. 要求; 須要; 想要知道, 查問; n. 要求, 所需求之物; 需求, 須要時 態: demanded, demanding, demands 形容詞: demanda...
immediately ： adv. 當即, 立刻; 直接地
mentioned ： 幻覺性精神病
stuck ： v. 刺; adj. 不能動的；被卡住的
switches ： n. 開關；交換器；控制加強型鍵盤及啓動模式; v. 鞭打；轉變

 

若是仍是搞不懂

若是你看不懂迴應，別馬上要求對方解釋。像你之前試着本身解決問題時那樣（利用手冊，FAQ，網絡，身邊的高手），先試着去搞懂他的迴應。若是你真的須要對方解釋，記得表現出你已經從中學到了點什麼。

比方說，若是我回答你：看來彷佛是 zentry 卡住了；你應該先清除它。，而後，這是一個很糟的後續問題迴應：zentry 是什麼？ 好的問法應該是這樣：哦~~~我看過說明了可是隻有 -z 和 -p 兩個參數中提到了 zentries，並且還都沒有清楚的解釋如何清除它。你是指這兩個中的哪個嗎？仍是我看漏了什麼？

Dealing with rudeness

Much of what looks like rudeness in hacker circles is not intended to give offense. Rather, it's the product of the direct, cut-through-the-bullshit communications style that is natural to people who are more concerned about solving problems than making others feel warm and fuzzy.

When you perceive rudeness, try to react calmly. If someone is really acting out, it is very likely a senior person on the list or newsgroup or forum will call him or her on it. If that doesn't happen and you lose your temper, it is likely that the person you lose it at was behaving within the hacker community's norms and you will be considered at fault. This will hurt your chances of getting the information or help you want.

On the other hand, you will occasionally run across rudeness and posturing that is quite gratuitous. The flip-side of the above is that it is acceptable form to slam real offenders quite hard, dissecting their misbehavior with a sharp verbal scalpel. Be very, very sure of your ground before you try this, however. The line between correcting an incivility and starting a pointless flamewar is thin enough that hackers themselves not infrequently blunder across it; if you are a newbie or an outsider, your chances of avoiding such a blunder are low. If you're after information rather than entertainment, it's better to keep your fingers off the keyboard than to risk this.

(Some people assert that many hackers have a mild form of autism or Asperger's Syndrome, and are actually missing some of the brain circuitry that lubricates 「normal」 human social interaction. This may or may not be true. If you are not a hacker yourself, it may help you cope with our eccentricities if you think of us as being brain-damaged. Go right ahead. We won't care; we like being whatever it is we are, and generally have a healthy skepticism about clinical labels.)

Jeff Bigler's observations about tact filters are also relevant and worth reading.

In the next section, we'll talk about a different issue; the kind of 「rudeness」 you'll see when you misbehave.

acceptable ： adj. 值得接受的, 可接受的名 詞: acceptability or 副 詞: acceptably
assert ： vt. 斷言；主張；聲稱；維護，堅持 時 態: asserted, asserting, asserts 形容詞: assertable or 名 詞: asser...
at fault ： 出毛病，有責任，失去嗅跡而不能繼續追蹤
autism ： n. 孤獨症；自我中心主義 名 詞: autist 形容詞: autistic 副 詞: autistically
avoiding ： v. 迴避；撤銷；避免; n. 迴避；避免; adj. 迴避的；避免的
blunder ： n. 的錯誤; vi. 犯錯誤; 踉踉蹌蹌地走時 態: blundered, blundering, blunders 名 詞: blunderer 副 詞: blun...
bullshit ： n. 胡說時 態: bullshit also bullshat , bullshitted bullshitting, bullshits 名 詞: bullshitter
circuitry ： n. 電路,線路
clinical ： adj. 診所的;醫院的; 臨牀的; 冷靜的;客觀的;超然的; adv. 冷靜地;客觀地副 詞: clinically
communications ： n. 通訊
concerned ： adj. 擔憂的, 煩惱的, 憂慮的
cope ： vi. 成功地應付; 對付時 態: coped, coping, copes 名 詞: coper
correcting ： n. 改〔糾〕正; 修改;糾正; 有待改正; adj. 改正的,糾正的形容詞: correctional
cut-through-the-bullshit ： n. 海雀
direct ： adj. 直的, 筆直的, 徑直的; 直接的, 直系的; 率直的, 坦率的, 坦白的; 剛好的, 徹底的; adv. 徑直地, 筆直地; 直接地, 親自地; vt. 指示方向, 指引; 在…...
dissecting ： 套色拼隔版
entertainment ： n. 款待, 請客; 娛樂, 文娛節目, 表演會
fault ： n. 故障；毛病；缺點；錯誤；斷層；發球失誤; vi. 弄錯；產生斷層; vt. 挑剔 時 態: faulted, faulting, faults
fingers ： n. 梳狀剔除器；手指頭，指頭; v. 用指彈奏
flamewar ： 烹飪用陶瓷器皿
flip ： vt. 輕擊；擲; vi. 用指輕彈；蹦跳; adj. 無禮的；輕率的; n. 筋斗；彈 FLIPabbr. Floating Indeved Point Arithmetic 變址浮...
flip-side ： abbr. Forward Looking Infra-Red 前視紅外
generally ： adv. 通常地, 一般, 大致上, 普遍地, 廣泛地
gratuitous ： adj. 沒必要要的, 未要求的; 無償的, 免費的副 詞: gratuitously 名 詞: gratuitousness
incivility ： n. 粗魯,粗野; 不禮貌的行爲
infrequently ： adv. 稀少地;珍貴地
intended ： adj. 故意的，有意的；打算中的; n. 已訂婚者; v. 打算；準備 副 詞: intendedly
interaction ： n. 一塊兒活動, 合做, 配合, 相互做用
issue ： n. 流出；發行物；問題；期號; vt. 發行，發佈；放出，排出；發給; vi. 發行；流出；形成…結果；傳下 時 態: issued, issuing, issues 名 詞:...
mild ： adj. 溫和的；輕微的；淡味的；文雅的；不含有害物質的的; n. 淡味麥芽啤酒 比較級: milder, mildest 副 詞: mildly 名 詞: mild...
misbehave ： vi. 行爲不端時 態: misbehaved, misbehaving, misbehaves 名 詞: misbehaver 名 詞: misbehavior
misbehavior ： n. 不禮貌;品行不端; 違反軍規
natural ： adj. 天然的, 自然的; 表現天然的, 不作做的; 天生的, 生來的; n. 很是適合或確定成功的人或事物名 詞: naturalness
norms ： 範拓撲
occasionally ： adv. 偶爾,間或
offense ： n. 犯罪，過錯；觸怒；進攻；引發反感的事物
perceive ： vt. 察覺，感受；理解；認知; vi. 感到，感知；認識到 時 態: perceived, perceiving, perceives 形容詞: perceivable ...
pointless ： adj. 無心義的;不可能有結果的;無用的;無益的; adv. 無心義地;無用地;無益地; n. 無心義,空洞副 詞: pointlessly 名 詞: pointlessness
posturing ： v. 擺出特定姿式
product ： n. 產品, 產物; 乘積
react ： vi. 反應；影響；反抗；起副作用; vt. 使發生相互做用；使起化學反應 時 態: reacted, reacting, reacts
risk ： n. 危險, 風險; 引發危險的事物; vt. 冒險; 冒…險時 態: risked, risking, risks 名 詞: risker
rudeness ： n. 無禮；粗蠻
scalpel ： n. 解剖刀；外科手術刀
side ： n. 面; 側面; 邊; 方面; 一方, 一邊; adj. 側面的, 邊的; 枝節的, 次要的; vi. 支持, 站在…的一邊時 態: sided, siding, sides
skepticism ： n. 懷疑態度;懷疑論
slam ： vt. & vi. 砰地關上; vt. 猛烈抨擊; n. 猛然關閉的聲音 SLAMabbr. Strategic Low Altitude Missile 低空戰略導彈時 態: sla...
temper ： n. 脾氣；回火；性情；傾向; vt. 調和；鍛鍊；使緩和；使回火; vi. 回火；調和 時 態: tempered, tempering, tempers 名 詞: tem...
verbal ： adj. 詞語的, 言語的, 字句的; 口頭的; 動詞的; n. 非謂語動詞; 非限定動詞副 詞: verbally
scream ： vi. 尖叫；發出尖銳刺耳的聲音；呼嘯；使人觸目驚心; vt. 尖聲喊叫；大叫大嚷着要求; n. 尖叫聲；尖銳刺耳的聲音；極其滑稽好笑的人 時 態: screamed, screami...
screw ： n. 螺絲釘; vt. 用螺絲擰緊; vt. & vi. 旋, 扭; 擰時 態: screwed, screwing, screws 形容詞: screwable 名 詞:...
screwed ： adj. 用螺絲擰緊的,螺絲狀的,喝醉的
sense ： n. 官能, 感官; 辨別, 領悟, 感受; 識別力; 常識; 見識; 健全的心智; 思惟能力; 理性; 道理; 目的; 意義, 意思; vt. 感受到; 意識到; 發覺時 態: sen...
theatrically ： adv. 戲劇化地
threaten ： vt. 威脅；恐嚇；預示; vi. 威脅；可能來臨 時 態: threatened, threatening, threatens 名 詞: threatener 副 詞...
toilet ： n. 廁所，盥洗室；梳妝，打扮; vi. 梳妝，打扮; vt. 給…梳妝打扮
verbally ： adv. 口頭地，非書面地；用言辭地
visibly ： adv. 顯然，明顯地
whine ： vi. 哭訴；發牢騷；嘎嘎響；發嗚嗚聲; vt. 哀訴; n. 牢騷；哀鳴；抱怨 時 態: whined, whining, whines 名 詞: whiner 副 詞...

處理無禮的迴應

不少黑客圈子中看似無禮的行爲並非存心冒犯。相反，它是直接了當，一針見血式的交流風格，這種風格更注重解決問題，而不是令人感受舒服而卻模模糊糊。

若是你以爲被冒犯了，試着平靜地反應。若是有人真的作了出格的事，郵件列表、新聞羣組或論壇中的前輩多半會招呼他。若是這沒有發生而你卻發火了，那麼你發火對象的言語可能在黑客社區中看起來是正常的，而你將被視爲有錯的一方，這將傷害到你獲取信息或幫助的機會。

另外一方面，你偶爾真的會碰到無禮和無聊的言行。與上述相反，對真正的冒犯者狠狠地打擊，用犀利的語言將其駁得體無完膚都是能夠接受的。然而，在行事以前必定要很是很是的有根據。糾正無禮的言論與開始一場毫無心義的口水戰僅一線之隔，黑客們本身莽撞地越線的狀況並不鮮見。若是你是新手或外人，避開這種莽撞的機會並不高。若是你想獲得的是信息而不是消磨時光，這時最好不要把手放在鍵盤上以避免冒險。

（有些人斷言不少黑客都有輕度的自閉症或亞斯伯格綜合症，缺乏用於潤滑人類社會正常交往所需的神經。這既多是真也多是假的。若是你本身不是黑客，興許你認爲咱們腦殼有問題還能幫助你應付咱們的古怪行爲。只管這麼幹好了，咱們不在意。咱們喜歡咱們如今這個樣子，而且一般對病患標記都有站得住腳的懷疑）。

Jeff Bigler 的觀察總結和這個相關也值得一讀 (tact filters)。

在下一節，咱們會談到另外一個問題，當你行爲不當時所會受到的冒犯。

On Not Reacting Like A Loser

Odds are you'll screw up a few times on hacker community forums — in ways detailed in this article, or similar. And you'll be told exactly how you screwed up, possibly with colourful asides. In public.

When this happens, the worst thing you can do is whine about the experience, claim to have been verbally assaulted, demand apologies, scream, hold your breath, threaten lawsuits, complain to people's employers, leave the toilet seat up, etc. Instead, here's what you do:

Get over it. It's normal. In fact, it's healthy and appropriate.

Community standards do not maintain themselves: They're maintained by people actively applying them, visibly, in public. Don't whine that all criticism should have been conveyed via private e-mail: That's not how it works. Nor is it useful to insist you've been personally insulted when someone comments that one of your claims was wrong, or that his views differ. Those are loser attitudes.

There have been hacker forums where, out of some misguided sense of hyper-courtesy, participants are banned from posting any fault-finding with another's posts, and told 「Don't say anything if you're unwilling to help the user.」 The resulting departure of clueful participants to elsewhere causes them to descend into meaningless babble and become useless as technical forums.

Exaggeratedly 「friendly」 (in that fashion) or useful: Pick one.

Remember: When that hacker tells you that you've screwed up, and (no matter how gruffly) tells you not to do it again, he's acting out of concern for (1) you and (2) his community. It would be much easier for him to ignore you and filter you out of his life. If you can't manage to be grateful, at least have a little dignity, don't whine, and don't expect to be treated like a fragile doll just because you're a newcomer with a theatrically hypersensitive soul and delusions of entitlement.

Sometimes people will attack you personally, flame without an apparent reason, etc., even if you don't screw up (or have only screwed up in their imagination). In this case, complaining is the way to really screw up.

These flamers are either lamers who don't have a clue but believe themselves to be experts, or would-be psychologists testing whether you'll screw up. The other readers either ignore them, or find ways to deal with them on their own. The flamers' behavior creates problems for themselves, which don't have to concern you.

Don't let yourself be drawn into a flamewar, either. Most flames are best ignored — after you've checked whether they are really flames, not pointers to the ways in which you have screwed up, and not cleverly ciphered answers to your real question (this happens as well).

actively ：adv. 積極地；活躍地
apologies ：vt. & vi. 道歉
assaulted ：n. 攻擊者,毆打者
attack ：vt. & vi. 攻擊, 進攻; 抨擊; n. 攻擊, 襲擊; 抨擊, 辱罵; 侵襲, 發做時 態: attacked, attacking, attacks 名 詞: at...
attitudes ：adj. 態度的,根據我的態度的
babble ：vi. 喋喋不休；呀呀學語；做潺潺聲; vt. 含糊不清地說；泄露; n. 含糊不清的話；胡言亂語；潺潺聲 時 態: babbled, babbling, babbles
banned ：班尼克, 本傑明 美國數學家和天文學家, 他出版了一本曆書, 其中包含他計算出的星曆錶)
breath ：n. 氣息; 呼吸; 呼吸, 一口氣; 微風
causes ：n. 緣由
ciphered ：n. 計算,算出
claim ：vt. 聲稱, 斷言; 使失蹤或死亡; 須要, 值得; vt. & vi. 對…提出要求, 索取; n. 主張, 斷言; 要求時 態: claimed, claiming, claims...
claims ：n. 權利要求；要求，請求權；債權；索賠; v. 要求；主張
clue ：n. 線索；情節; vt. 爲…提供線索；爲…提供狀況 時 態: clued, clueing , cluing clues
clueful ：adj. 無能的;笨的
complain ：vi. 發牢騷；投訴；訴說; vt. 抱怨；控訴 時 態: complained, complaining, complains 名 詞: complainer
complaining ：adj. 訴苦的,抱怨的
concern ：vt. 涉及，關係到；使擔憂; n. 關心；關係；關心的事 時 態: concerned, concerning, concerns
conveyed ：vt. 傳達
courtesy ：n. 禮貌；好意；恩惠; adj. 殷勤的；被認可的；出於禮節的
criticism ：n. 批評, 批判, 指責; 評論, 評論文章
demand ：vt. 要求; 須要; 想要知道, 查問; n. 要求, 所需求之物; 需求, 須要時 態: demanded, demanding, demands 形容詞: demanda...
departure ：n. 離開, 離去
descend ：vi. 降低；下來；遺傳；屈尊；下去; vt. 下去；沿…向下 時 態: descended, descending, descends 形容詞: descendible ...
detailed ：adj. 詳細的，精細的；複雜的，詳盡的; v. 詳細說明
dignity ：n. 尊嚴；高貴
doll ：n. 洋娃娃；玩偶；無頭腦的美麗女人; vt. 把…打扮得花枝招展 Doll多爾
employers ：adj. 失業的,無業的
entitlement ：n. 受權, 有資格; 有權獲得的東西
exaggeratedly ：n. 誇張,誇大; 誇張的言語;誇張的手法 Exaggerationn. 誇張；誇大
flame ：n. 火焰；熱情；光輝; v. 泛紅；焚燒 Flame爭論時 態: flamed, flaming, flames 名 詞: flamer
flames ：n. 火焰噴射器,噴火器
flamewar ：烹飪用陶瓷器皿
fragile ：adj. 易碎的, 脆的; 虛弱的, 脆弱的; 經不起折騰的副 詞: fragilely 名 詞: fragility
gruffly ：adv. 粗暴地；粗聲地；生硬地
hyper ：adj. 亢奮的；高度緊張的; n. 宣傳人員
hypersensitive ：adj. 過敏的,高度靈敏的名 詞: hypersensitiveness or
imagination ：n. 想像力; 空想, 想像; 想像出來的東西, 幻想物形容詞: imaginational
insist ：vt. 堅持，強調; vi. 堅持，強調 時 態: insisted, insisting, insists 名 詞: insistence or 名 詞: ins...
insulted ：n. 無禮的人
lamers ：n. 跛子
lawsuits ：n. 訴訟，法律訴訟；控訴
maintained ：n. 維修者;維護物; 包攬訴訟罪者
meaningless ：adj. 毫無心義的;毫無目的的;無價值的;不重要的;無所謂的; 意思不明確的;晦澀的副 詞: meaninglessly 名 詞: meaninglessness
misguided ：adj. 由錯誤思想指引的,不明智的; adv. 由錯誤思想指引地,不明智地副 詞: misguidedly
newcomer ：n. 新來者；新到的移民
odds ：n. 不平等；概率；勝算；差異
participants ：vt. & vi. 參加, 參與時 態: participated, participating, participates 形容詞: participative 名 詞:...
psychologists ：v. 研究心理學;做心理分析時 態: psychologized, psychologizing, psychologizes
Reacting ：起反應;反應;反應的
scream ：vi. 尖叫；發出尖銳刺耳的聲音；呼嘯；使人觸目驚心; vt. 尖聲喊叫；大叫大嚷着要求; n. 尖叫聲；尖銳刺耳的聲音；極其滑稽好笑的人 時 態: screamed, screami...
screw ：n. 螺絲釘; vt. 用螺絲擰緊; vt. & vi. 旋, 扭; 擰時 態: screwed, screwing, screws 形容詞: screwable 名 詞:...
screwed ：adj. 用螺絲擰緊的,螺絲狀的,喝醉的
sense  n. 官能, 感官; 辨別, 領悟, 感受; 識別力; 常識; 見識; 健全的心智; 思惟能力; 理性; 道理; 目的; 意義, 意思; vt. 感受到; 意識到; 發覺時 態: sen...
theatrically  adv. 戲劇化地
threaten  vt. 威脅；恐嚇；預示; vi. 威脅；可能來臨 時 態: threatened, threatening, threatens 名 詞: threatener 副 詞...
toilet  n. 廁所，盥洗室；梳妝，打扮; vi. 梳妝，打扮; vt. 給…梳妝打扮
verbally  adv. 口頭地，非書面地；用言辭地
visibly  adv. 顯然，明顯地
whine  vi. 哭訴；發牢騷；嘎嘎響；發嗚嗚聲; vt. 哀訴; n. 牢騷；哀鳴；抱怨 時 態: whined, whining, whines 名 詞: whiner 副 詞...

 

如何避免扮演失敗者

在黑客社區的論壇中有那麼幾回你可能會搞砸 —— 以本指南所描述到的或相似的方式。而你會在公開場合中被告知你是如何搞砸的，也許攻擊的言語中還會帶點夾七夾八的顏色。

這種事發生之後，你能作的最糟糕的事莫過於哀嚎你的遭遇、宣稱被口頭攻擊、要求道歉、高聲尖叫、憋悶氣、威脅訴諸法律、向其僱主報怨、忘了關馬桶蓋等等。相反地，你該這麼作：

熬過去，這很正常。事實上，它是有益健康且合理的。

社區的標準不會自行維持，它們是經過參與者積極而公開地執行來維持的。不要哭嚎全部的批評都應該經過私下的郵件傳送，它不是這樣運做的。當有人評論你的一個說法有誤或者提出不一樣見解時，堅持聲稱受到我的攻擊也毫無益處，這些都是失敗者的態度。

也有其它的黑客論壇，受太高禮節要求的誤導，禁止參與者張貼任何對別人帖子挑毛病的消息，並聲稱若是你不想幫助用戶就閉嘴。 結果形成有想法的參與者紛紛離開，這麼作只會使它們淪爲毫無心義的嘮叨與無用的技術論壇。

誇張的講法是：你要的是「友善」（以上述方式）仍是有用？兩個裏面挑一個。

記着：當黑客說你搞砸了，而且（不管多麼刺耳）告訴你別再這樣作時，他正在爲關心你和他的社區而行動。對他而言，不理你並將你從他的生活中濾掉更簡單。若是你沒法作到感謝，至少要表現得有點尊嚴，別大聲哀嚎，也別由於本身是個有戲劇性超級敏感的靈魂和自覺得有資格的新來者，就期望別人像對待脆弱的洋娃娃那樣對你。

有時候，即便你沒有搞砸（或者只是在他的想像中你搞砸了），有些人也會平白無故地攻擊你本人。在這種狀況下，抱怨卻是真的會把問題搞砸。

這些來找麻煩的人要麼是毫無辦法但自覺得是專家的不中用傢伙，要麼就是測試你是否真會搞砸的心理專家。其它讀者要麼不理睬，要麼用本身的方式對付他們。這些來找麻煩的人在給他們本身找麻煩，這點你不用操心。

也別讓本身捲入口水戰，最好不要理睬大多數的口水戰 -- 固然，這是在你檢驗它們只是口水戰，而且未指出你有搞砸的地方，同時也沒有巧妙地將問題真正的答案藏於其後（這也是有可能的）。

Questions Not To Ask

Here are some classic stupid questions, and what hackers are thinking when they don't answer them.

Q: Where can I find program or resource X?

Q: How can I use X to do Y?

Q: How can I configure my shell prompt?

Q: Can I convert an AcmeCorp document into a TeX file using the Bass-o-matic file converter?

Q: My {program, configuration, SQL statement} doesn't work

Q: I'm having problems with my Windows machine. Can you help?

Q: My program doesn't work. I think system facility X is broken.

Q: I'm having problems installing Linux or X. Can you help?

Q: How can I crack root/steal channel-ops privileges/read someone's e-mail?

Q:	Where can I find program or resource X?
A:	The same place I'd find it, fool — at the other end of a web search. Ghod, doesn't everybody know how to use Google yet?
Q:	How can I use X to do Y?
A:	If what you want is to do Y, you should ask that question without pre-supposing the use of a method that may not be appropriate. Questions of this form often indicate a person who is not merely ignorant about X, but confused about what problem Y they are solving and too fixated on the details of their particular situation. It is generally best to ignore such people until they define their problem better.
Q:	How can I configure my shell prompt?
A:	If you're smart enough to ask this question, you're smart enough to RTFM and find out yourself.
Q:	Can I convert an AcmeCorp document into a TeX file using the Bass-o-matic file converter?
A:	Try it and see. If you did that, you'd (a) learn the answer, and (b) stop wasting my time.
Q:	My {program, configuration, SQL statement} doesn't work
A:	This is not a question, and I'm not interested in playing Twenty Questions to pry your actual question out of you — I have better things to do. On seeing something like this, my reaction is normally of one of the following: do you have anything else to add to that? oh, that's too bad, I hope you get it fixed. and this has exactly what to do with me?
Q:	I'm having problems with my Windows machine. Can you help?
A:	Yes. Throw out that Microsoft trash and install an open-source operating system like Linux or BSD. Note: you can ask questions related to Windows machines if they are about a program that does have an official Windows build, or interacts with Windows machines (i.e., Samba). Just don't be surprised by the reply that the problem is with Windows and not the program, because Windows is so broken in general that this is very often the case.
Q:	My program doesn't work. I think system facility X is broken.
A:	While it is possible that you are the first person to notice an obvious deficiency in system calls and libraries heavily used by hundreds or thousands of people, it is rather more likely that you are utterly clueless. Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence; when you make a claim like this one, you must back it up with clear and exhaustive documentation of the failure case.
Q:	I'm having problems installing Linux or X. Can you help?
A:	No. I'd need hands-on access to your machine to troubleshoot this. Go ask your local Linux user group for hands-on help. (You can find a list of user groups here.) Note: questions about installing Linux may be appropriate if you're on a forum or mailing list about a particular distribution, and the problem is with that distro; or on local user groups forums. In this case, be sure to describe the exact details of the failure. But do careful searching first, with "linux" and all suspicious pieces of hardware.
Q:	How can I crack root/steal channel-ops privileges/read someone's e-mail?
A:	You're a lowlife for wanting to do such things and a moron for asking a hacker to help you.

appropriate ：adj. 適當的, 恰當的; vt. 挪用; 佔用; 盜用; 撥出時 態: appropriated, appropriating, appropriates 副 詞: ap...
claim ：vt. 聲稱, 斷言; 使失蹤或死亡; 須要, 值得; vt. & vi. 對…提出要求, 索取; n. 主張, 斷言; 要求時 態: claimed, claiming, claims...
clueless ：adj. 無能的;笨的
configure ：v. 配置,設定,使成形,使具必定形式時 態: configured, configuring, configures
confused ：adj. 困惑的；混亂的；糊塗的; v. 困惑 副 詞: confusedly 名 詞: confusedness
deficiency ：n. 缺少, 不足, 短缺
evidence ：n. 證據，證實；跡象；明顯; vt. 證實 時 態: evidenced, evidencing, evidences
exhaustive ：adj. 全面的, 完全的, 透徹的副 詞: exhaustively 名 詞: exhaustiveness 名 詞: exhaustivity
Extraordinary ：adj. 很是奇怪的; 非同尋常的, 特別的; 額外安排的, 臨時的副 詞: extraordinarily
facility ：n. 設備；靈巧；容易；設施
fixated ：adj. 念念不忘的；穩固關係的; v. 使固定下來；注視
indicate ：vt. 標示, 指示, 指出; 象徵; 代表或暗示…的可能性時 態: indicated, indicating, indicates 形容詞: indicatory
interacts ：n. 相互適應
lowlife ：n. 卑劣人；下層階級的人；來歷不明的男人 形容詞: lowlife
merely ：adv. 僅僅，只不過；只是
obvious ：adj. 明顯的; 顯而易見的副 詞: obviously 名 詞: obviousness
privileges ：優待減價票
prompt ：adj. 敏捷的，迅速的；馬上的; vt. 促進；激起；提示；提白; n. 提示；付款期限；DOS命令：改變DOS系統提示符的風格; adv. 準時地 比較級: prompter, p...
related ：adj. 講述的，敘述的；有關係的，有關聯的; v. 敘述 副 詞: relatedly 名 詞: relatedness
resource ：n. 資源，財力；辦法；智謀
trash ：n. 拙劣的材料; 垃圾; 廢物; 沒出息的人; vt. 搗壞; 破壞; 弄髒時 態: trashed, trashing, trashes
utterlyevidence ：n. 極端,最大限度

如下是幾個經典蠢問題，以及黑客沒回答時心中所想的：

問題：我能在哪找到 X 程序或 X 資源？

問題：我怎樣用 X 作 Y？

問題：如何設定個人 shell 提示？

問題：我能夠用 Bass-o-matic 文件轉換工具將 AcmeCorp 檔案轉換爲 TeX 格式嗎？

問題：個人程序/設定/SQL 語句沒有用

問題：個人 Windows 電腦有問題，你能幫我嗎？

問題：個人程序不會動了，我認爲系統工具 X 有問題

問題：我在安裝 Linux（或者 X ）時有問題，你能幫我嗎？

問題：我怎麼才能破解 root 賬號/竊取 OP 特權/讀別人的郵件呢？

---

問題：我能在哪找到 X 程序或 X 資源？

回答：就在我找到它的地方啊，白癡 —— 搜索引擎的那一頭。天哪！難道還有人不會用 Google 嗎？

問題：我怎樣用 X 作 Y？

回答：若是你想解決的是 Y ，提問時別給出可能並不恰當的方法。這種問題說明提問者不但對 X 徹底無知，也對 Y 要解決的問題糊塗，還被特定形勢禁錮了思惟。最好忽略這種人，等他們把問題搞清楚了再說。

問題：如何設定個人 shell 提示？？

回答：若是你有足夠的智慧提這個問題，你也該有足夠的智慧去 RTFM，而後本身去找出來。

問題：我能夠用 Bass-o-matic 文件轉換工具將 AcmeCorp 檔案轉換爲 TeX 格式嗎？

回答：試試看就知道了。若是你試過，你既知道了答案，就不用浪費個人時間了。

問題：個人{程序/設定/SQL 語句}不工做

回答：這不算是問題吧，我對要我問你二十個問題才找得出你真正問題的問題沒興趣 —— 我有更有意思的事要作呢。在看到這類問題的時候，個人反應一般不外以下三種

• 你還有什麼要補充的嗎？
• 真糟糕，但願你能搞定。
• 這關我有什麼屁事？

問題：個人 Windows 電腦有問題，你能幫我嗎？

回答：能啊，扔掉微軟的垃圾，換個像 Linux 或 BSD 的開源操做系統吧。

注意：若是程序有官方版 Windows 或者與 Windows 有互動（如 Samba），你能夠問與 Windows 相關的問題， 只是別對問題是由 Windows 操做系統而不是程序自己形成的回覆感到驚訝， 由於 Windows 通常來講實在太爛，這種說法一般都是對的。

問題：個人程序不會動了，我認爲系統工具 X 有問題

回答：你徹底有多是第一個注意到被成千上萬用戶反覆使用的系統調用與函數庫檔案有明顯缺陷的人，更有可能的是你徹底沒有根據。與衆不同的說法須要與衆不同的證據，當你這樣聲稱時，你必須有清楚而詳盡的缺陷說明文件做後盾。

問題：我在安裝 Linux（或者 X ）時有問題，你能幫我嗎？

回答：不能，我只有親自在你的電腦上動手才能找到毛病。仍是去找你當地的 Linux 使用羣組者尋求實際的指導吧（你能在這兒找到使用者羣組的清單）。

注意：若是安裝問題與某 Linux 的發行版有關，在它的郵件列表、論壇或本地使用者羣組中提問也許是恰當的。此時，應描述問題的準確細節。在此以前，先用 Linux 和全部被懷疑的硬件做關鍵詞仔細搜索。

問題：我怎麼才能破解 root 賬號/竊取 OP 特權/讀別人的郵件呢？

回答：想要這樣作，說明了你是個卑鄙小人；想找個黑客幫你，說明你是個白癡！

Good and Bad Questions

Finally, I'm going to illustrate how to ask questions in a smart way by example; pairs of questions about the same problem, one asked in a stupid way and one in a smart way.

Stupid: Where can I find out stuff about the Foonly Flurbamatic?

This question just begs for "STFW" as a reply.

Smart: I used Google to try to find 「Foonly Flurbamatic 2600」 on the Web, but I got no useful hits. Can I get a pointer to programming information on this device?

This one has already STFWed, and sounds like there might be a real problem.

Stupid: I can't get the code from project foo to compile. Why is it broken?

The querent assumes that somebody else screwed up. Arrogant git...

Smart: The code from project foo doesn't compile under Nulix version 6.2. I've read the FAQ, but it doesn't have anything in it about Nulix-related problems. Here's a transcript of my compilation attempt; is it something I did?

The querent has specified the environment, read the FAQ, is showing the error, and is not assuming his problems are someone else's fault. This one might be worth some attention.

Stupid: I'm having problems with my motherboard. Can anybody help?

J. Random Hacker's response to this is likely to be 「Right. Do you need burping and diapering, too?」 followed by a punch of the delete key.

Smart: I tried X, Y, and Z on the S2464 motherboard. When that didn't work, I tried A, B, and C. Note the curious symptom when I tried C. Obviously the florbish is grommicking, but the results aren't what one might expect. What are the usual causes of grommicking on Athlon MP motherboards? Anybody got ideas for more tests I can run to pin down the problem?

This person, on the other hand, seems worthy of an answer. He/she has exhibited problem-solving intelligence rather than passively waiting for an answer to drop from on high.

In the last question, notice the subtle but important difference between demanding 「Give me an answer」 and 「Please help me figure out what additional diagnostics I can run to achieve enlightenment.」

In fact, the form of that last question is closely based on a real incident that happened in August 2001 on the linux-kernel mailing list (lkml). I (Eric) was the one asking the question that time. I was seeing mysterious lockups on a Tyan S2462 motherboard. The list members supplied the critical information I needed to solve them.

By asking the question in the way I did, I gave people something to chew on; I made it easy and attractive for them to get involved. I demonstrated respect for my peers' ability and invited them to consult with me as a peer. I also demonstrated respect for the value of their time by telling them the blind alleys I had already run down.

Afterwards, when I thanked everyone and remarked how well the process had worked, an lkml member observed that he thought it had worked not because I'm a 「name」 on that list, but because I asked the question in the proper form.

Hackers are in some ways a very ruthless meritocracy; I'm certain he was right, and that if I had behaved like a sponge I would have been flamed or ignored no matter who I was. His suggestion that I write up the whole incident as instruction to others led directly to the composition of this guide.

additional ：adj. 增長的, 額外的, 另外的
arrogant ：adj. 自大的，傲慢的 副 詞: arrogantly
assumes	：adj. 傲慢的；不遜的；僭越的; v. 假設 副 詞: assumingly
assuming ：adj. 傲慢的；不遜的；僭越的; v. 假設 副 詞: assumingly
attempt	：vt. 試圖; 嘗試; n. 嘗試, 試圖, 企圖時 態: attempted, attempting, attempts 形容詞: attemptable 名 詞: ...
attractive ：adj. 吸引的, 有吸引力的, 誘人的, 引發注意的副 詞: attractively 名 詞: attractiveness
behaved	：v. 舉止，行爲
burping	：n. 講話時的r音; 呼呼聲; 金屬的毛邊; 帶刺的種子；有芒刺的草; 粘附着的東西; 小墊圈; 圓頭銼,牙鑽; 磨石,臼石; vi. 發出嗡嗡聲；粗聲粗氣地說話; 發顫動小舌的r音; vt...
causes	：n. 緣由
chew	：n. 咀嚼；咀嚼物; vt. 嚼碎，咀嚼; vi. 細想，深思 時 態: chewed, chewing, chews 形容詞: chewable 名 詞: chew...
chew on	：細想, 仔細考慮
compilation ：n. 編輯,編寫; 編輯物
composition ：n. 創做, 寫做, 做曲; 做文, 做品; 構圖; 構成, 成分; 混合物, 合成物形容詞: compositional 副 詞: compositionally
consult	：vt. 商量；查閱；向…請教; vi. 請教；商議；當顧問 時 態: consulted, consulting, consults 名 詞: consulter
critical	：adj. 批評的，愛挑剔的；決定性的；危險的；臨界的；鑑定的；評論的 副 詞: critically 名 詞: criticalness
curious	：adj. 好奇的, 好求知的; 奇妙的, 稀奇的副 詞: curiously 名 詞: curiousness
demanding ：adj. 很費心的, 很費力的副 詞: demandingly
demonstrated ：n. 代表;證實;示範; 遊行示威
diagnostics ：n. 診斷學
diapering ：n. 用綵緞裝飾;裝飾
directly ：adv. 直接地；當即；立刻；坦率地；正好地; conj. 一…就
enlightenment ：n. 啓發,開導,開明;文明
exhibited ：n. 展出者,顯示者
flamed	：火焰穩定器
florbish ：n. 峽灣
flurbamatic ：抑草丁
foonly	：n. 〈美學俚〉同性戀者
grommicking ：n. 紫草屬植物
ignored	：v. 忽略；不理會；不顧; adj. 被忽略的；被忽視的
illustrate ：vt. 給…加插圖; 說明, 闡明; 代表時 態: illustrated, illustrating, illustrates 形容詞: illustratable 名 ...
incident ：n. 事件，事變；插曲; adj. 易發生的，伴隨而來的；附帶的；入射的
intelligence ：n. 智力, 智慧; 理解力; 情報, 消息; 情報人員
invited	：v. 邀請,招致,引發
involved ：adj. 捲入的；有關的；複雜的; v. 涉及；使參與；包含 副 詞: involvedly
lkml	：abbr. Land Lines 陸上通訊線
lockups	：防鬆墊圈
meritocracy ：n. 知識界精華名 詞: meritocrat 形容詞: meritocratic
mysterious ：adj. 神祕的; 難以理解的; 詭祕的副 詞: mysteriously 名 詞: mysteriousness
obviously ：adv. 顯然;明白地
pairs	：n. 夫婦；一副; v. 使…成對；爲…配搭檔；合做
passively ：adv. 被動地,順從地
proper	：adj. 適合的; 適當的; 適用的; 恰當的; 遵照規則的; 正確的; 嚴格意義的; 自己的; 合乎體統的; 正派的; 固有的; 特有的副 詞: properly 名 詞: p...
querent	：adj. 易發牢騷的
ruthless ：adj. 無情的，殘忍的 副 詞: ruthlessly 名 詞: ruthlessness
specified ：精確肯定;規定的;額定
sponge	：n. 海綿; vt. 擦拭, 清除; vt. & vi. 騙取; 敲詐; 揩油時 態: sponged, sponging, sponges
stuff	：n. 材料；東西；填充物；素材資料; vt. 填塞；塞滿；讓吃飽; vi. 吃得過多 時 態: stuffed, stuffing, stuffs 名 詞: stuffer
subtle ：adj. 微妙的; 難以捉摸的; 細微的; 狡猾的, 狡詐的; 敏感的, 敏銳的, 有辨別力的比較級: subtler, subtlest 名 詞: subtleness ...
supplied ：n. 供應者；供應廠商，供應國
symptom ：n. 徵兆；症狀 形容詞: symptomless
transcript ：n. 抄本; 謄本; 打字本; 副本; 學生成績報告單
worthy ：adj. 應得某事物; 值得作某事; 可尊敬的比較級: worthier, worthiest 副 詞: worthily 名 詞: worthiness

最後，我將透過舉一些例子，來講明怎樣聰明的提問；同一個問題的兩種問法被放在一塊兒，一種是愚蠢的，另外一種纔是明智的。

蠢問題：

我能夠在哪兒找到關於 Foonly Flurbamatic 的資料？

這種問法無非想獲得 STFW 這樣的回答。

聰明問題：

我用 Google 搜索過 "Foonly Flurbamatic 2600"，可是沒找到有用的結果。誰知道上哪兒去找對這種設備編程的資料？

這個問題已經 STFW 過了，看起來他真的遇到了麻煩。

蠢問題：

我從 foo 項目找來的源碼無法編譯。它怎麼這麼爛？

他以爲都是別人的錯，這個傲慢自大的提問者。

聰明問題：

foo 項目代碼在 Nulix 6.2 版下沒法編譯經過。我讀過了 FAQ，但裏面沒有提到跟 Nulix 有關的問題。這是我編譯過程的記錄，我有什麼作的不對的地方嗎？

提問者已經指明瞭環境，也讀過了 FAQ，還列出了錯誤，而且他沒有把問題的責任推到別人頭上，他的問題值得被關注。

蠢問題：

個人主機板有問題了，誰來幫我？

某黑客對這類問題的回答一般是：好的，還要幫你拍拍背和換尿布嗎？，而後按下刪除鍵。

聰明問題：

我在 S2464 主機板上試過了 X 、 Y 和 Z ，但沒什麼做用，我又試了 A 、 B 和 C 。請注意當我嘗試 C 時的奇怪現象。顯然 florbish 正在 grommicking，但結果出人意料。一般在 Athlon MP 主機板上引發 grommicking 的緣由是什麼？有誰知道接下來我該作些什麼測試才能找出問題？

這個傢伙，從另外一個角度來看，值得去回答他。他表現出瞭解決問題的能力，而不是坐等天上掉答案。

在最後一個問題中，注意告訴我答案和給我啓示，指出我還應該作什麼診斷工做之間微妙而又重要的區別。

事實上，後一個問題源自於 2001 年 8 月在 Linux 內核郵件列表（lkml）上的一個真實的提問。我（Eric）就是那個提出問題的人。我在 Tyan S2464 主板上觀察到了這種沒法解釋的鎖定現象，列表成員們提供瞭解決這一問題的重要信息。

經過個人提問方法，我給了別人能夠咀嚼玩味的東西；我設法讓人們很容易參與而且被吸引進來。我顯示了本身具有和他們同等的能力，並邀請他們與我共同探討。經過告訴他們我所走過的彎路，以免他們再浪費時間，我也代表了對他們寶貴時間的尊重。

過後，當我向每一個人表示感謝，而且讚揚此次良好的討論經歷的時候， 一個 Linux 內核郵件列表的成員表示，他以爲個人問題獲得解決並不是因爲我是這個列表中的名人，而是由於我用了正確的方式來提問。

黑客從某種角度來講是擁有豐富知識但缺少人情味的傢伙；我相信他是對的，若是我像個乞討者那樣提問，不論我是誰，必定會惹惱某些人或者被他們忽視。他建議我記下這件事，這直接致使了本指南的出現。

If You Can't Get An Answer

If you can't get an answer, please don't take it personally that we don't feel we can help you. Sometimes the members of the asked group may simply not know the answer. No response is not the same as being ignored, though admittedly it's hard to spot the difference from outside.

In general, simply re-posting your question is a bad idea. This will be seen as pointlessly annoying. Have patience: the person with your answer may be in a different time-zone and asleep. Or it may be that your question wasn't well-formed to begin with.

There are other sources of help you can go to, often sources better adapted to a novice's needs.

There are many online and local user groups who are enthusiasts about the software, even though they may never have written any software themselves. These groups often form so that people can help each other and help new users.

There are also plenty of commercial companies you can contract with for help, both large and small. Don't be dismayed at the idea of having to pay for a bit of help! After all, if your car engine blows a head gasket, chances are you would take it to a repair shop and pay to get it fixed. Even if the software didn't cost you anything, you can't expect that support to always come for free.

For popular software like Linux, there are at least 10,000 users per developer. It's just not possible for one person to handle the support calls from over 10,000 users. Remember that even if you have to pay for support, you are still paying much less than if you had to buy the software as well (and support for closed-source software is usually more expensive and less competent than support for open-source software).

adapted ：adj. 適合的; v. 使適應，改編
admittedly ：adv. 誠然;確實地, 無能否認地
annoying ：adj. 討厭的;惱人的,令人煩惱的副 詞: annoyingly
commercial ：adj. 商業的, 商務的副 詞: commercially
companies ：n. 鐘樓
contract ：vi. 感染；訂約；收縮; vt. 感染；訂約；使縮短; n. 合同；婚約 時 態: contracted, contracting, contracts 名 詞: con...
dismayed ：adj. 驚愕的；驚慌的; 沮喪的；失望的
enthusiasts ：n. 省略三段論法
gasket ：n. 束帆索,墊圈,襯墊
novice ：n. 初學者，新手
patience ：n. 耐性, 忍耐力, 耐心; 堅忍, 堅持, 毅力 Patiencen. 佩興斯
plenty ：n. 豐富，大量；充足; adj. 足夠的，不少的; adv. 足夠
pointlessly ：扳道工

 

若是得不到回答

若是仍得不到回答，請不要覺得咱們以爲沒法幫助你。有時只是看到你問題的人不知道答案罷了。沒有迴應不表明你被忽視，雖然不能否認這種差異很難區分。

總的來講，簡單的重複張貼問題是個很糟的點子。這將被視爲無心義的喧鬧。有點耐心，知道你問題答案的人可能生活在不一樣的時區，可能正在睡覺，也有可能你的問題一開始就沒有組織好。

你能夠經過其餘渠道得到幫助，這些渠道一般更適合初學者的須要。

有許多網上的以及本地的使用者羣組，由熱情的軟件愛好者（即便他們可能從沒親自寫過任何軟件）組成。一般人們組建這樣的團體來互相幫助並幫助新手。

另外，你能夠向不少商業公司尋求幫助，不論公司大仍是小。別爲要付費才能得到幫助而感到沮喪！畢竟，假使你的汽車發動機汽缸密封圈爆掉了 —— 徹底可能如此 —— 你還得把它送到修車鋪，而且爲維修付費。就算軟件沒花費你一分錢，你也不能強求技術支持老是免費的。

對像是 Linux 這種大衆化的軟件，每一個開發者至少會對應到上萬名使用者。根本不可能由一我的來處理來自上萬名使用者的求助電話。要知道，即便你要爲這些協助付費，和你所購買的同類軟件相比，你所付出的也是微不足道的（一般封閉源代碼軟件的技術支持費用比開源軟件的要高得多，且內容也沒那麼豐富）。

How To Answer Questions in a Helpful Way

Be gentle. Problem-related stress can make people seem rude or stupid even when they're not.

Reply to a first offender off-line. There is no need of public humiliation for someone who may have made an honest mistake. A real newbie may not know how to search archives or where the FAQ is stored or posted.

If you don't know for sure, say so! A wrong but authoritative-sounding answer is worse than none at all. Don't point anyone down a wrong path simply because it's fun to sound like an expert. Be humble and honest; set a good example for both the querent and your peers.

If you can't help, don't hinder. Don't make jokes about procedures that could trash the user's setup — the poor sap might interpret these as instructions.

Ask probing questions to elicit more details. If you're good at this, the querent will learn something — and so might you. Try to turn the bad question into a good one; remember we were all newbies once.

While muttering RTFM is sometimes justified when replying to someone who is just a lazy slob, a pointer to documentation (even if it's just a suggestion to google for a key phrase) is better.

If you're going to answer the question at all, give good value. Don't suggest kludgy workarounds when somebody is using the wrong tool or approach. Suggest good tools. Reframe the question.

Answer the actual question! If the querent has been so thorough as to do his or her research and has included in the query that X, Y, Z, A, B, and C have already been tried without good result, it is supremely unhelpful to respond with 「Try A or B,」 or with a link to something that only says, 「Try X, Y, Z, A, B, or C.」.

Help your community learn from the question. When you field a good question, ask yourself 「How would the relevant documentation or FAQ have to change so that nobody has to answer this again?」 Then send a patch to the document maintainer.

If you did research to answer the question, demonstrate your skills rather than writing as though you pulled the answer out of your butt. Answering one good question is like feeding a hungry person one meal, but teaching them research skills by example is showing them how to grow food for a lifetime.

authoritative	：adj. 有權力的; 有權威的; 可相信的; 可靠的; 權威的, 官方的, 當局的; 顯示權力的; 好像顯示權威的副 詞: authoritatively 名 詞: author...
authoritative-sounding	：n. pl.當局, 官方
gentle	：adj. 溫和的；文雅的; vt. 使溫和，使馴服; n. 蛆，餌 比較級: gentler, gentlest 名 詞: gentleness 副 詞: gently
hinder	：vt. & vi. 阻礙; 妨礙時 態: hindered, hindering, hinders 名 詞: hinderer
honest	：adj. 誠實的，實在的；可靠的；坦率的
humble	：adj. 謙遜的, 謙虛的; 低下的, 卑微的; 簡陋的, 低劣的; vt. 使謙恭, 使卑下比較級: humbler, humblest 名 詞: humbleness ...
humiliation ：n. 丟臉;羞辱;恥辱；蒙羞
instructions ：n. 操做指南；用法說明
interpret ：vt. 解釋; 說明; vt. & vi. 口譯; 翻譯時 態: interpreted, interpreting, interprets 名 詞: interpretabi...
newbie	：n. 網絡新手,新兵
offender ：n. 冒犯者, 犯規者; 罪犯
peers ：n. 平輩，同事; v. 凝視；比得上
probing	：adj. 探索的,尋根究底的;尋求真理的;深刻銳利的
procedures ：規程
querent ：adj. 易發牢騷的
sap ：n. 樹液；活力；坑道；精力，元氣; vt. 使衰竭，使傷元氣；挖掘以破壞基礎; vi. 挖坑道 SAPabbr. Satellite Automation System 衛星自動控制...
trash ：n. 拙劣的材料; 垃圾; 廢物; 沒出息的人; vt. 搗壞; 破壞; 弄髒時 態: trashed, trashing, trashes
elicit ：vt. 引出, 探出
muttering ：母液
justified ：adj. 有正當理由的，合理的
slob ：n. 懶漢；笨蛋；粗俗漢
kludgy ：n. 溝,峽谷
workarounds ：n. 針線袋；工具包
approach ：vt. & vi. 接近, 走近, 靠近; vt. 接洽, 交涉; 着手處理; n. 靠近, 接近, 臨近; 通路, 入口, 途徑; 方式
Reframe ：vt. 再構造,再組織
actual ：adj. 真實的，實際的；現行的，目前的
querent ：adj. 易發牢騷的
community ：n. 社區, 社會, 團體; 大衆, 公衆; 共有, 共享
patch ：n. 眼罩；斑點；碎片；小塊土地; vt. 修補；掩飾；解決; vi. 打補丁 時 態: patched, patching, patches 形容詞: patchable ...
relevant ：adj. 有關的, 切題的副 詞: relevantly
respond	：vi. 回答；做出反應；承擔責任; vt. 以…回答; n. 唱和；應答 時 態: responded, responding, responds 名 詞: responder
supremely ：adv. 極其;極爲
thorough ：adj. 完全的；十分的；周密的 副 詞: thoroughly 名 詞: thoroughness
demonstrate ：vi. 舉行示威遊行; vt. 說明, 演示; 論證, 證實; 顯示, 表露時 態: demonstrated, demonstrating, demonstrates
pulled ：扯下來的
maintainer ：n. 維修者;維護物; 包攬訴訟罪者
butt ：n. 笑柄；菸頭；屁股；靶垛；粗大的一端; vt. 以頭抵撞；碰撞 時 態: butted, butting, butts 名 詞: butter

 

如何更好地回答問題

態度和藹一點。問題帶來的壓力常令人顯得無禮或愚蠢，其實並非這樣。

對初犯者私下回復。對那些坦誠犯錯之人沒有必要當衆羞辱，一個真正的新手也許連怎麼搜索或在哪找常見問題都不知道。

若是你不肯定，必定要說出來！一個聽起來權威的錯誤回覆比沒有還要糟，別由於聽起來像個專家很好玩，就給別人亂指路。要謙虛和誠實，給提問者與同行都樹個好榜樣。

若是幫不了忙，也別妨礙他。不要在實際步驟上開玩笑，那樣也許會毀了使用者的設置 —— 有些可憐的呆瓜會把它當成真的指令。

試探性的反問以引出更多的細節。若是你作得好，提問者能夠學到點東西 —— 你也能夠。試試將蠢問題轉變成好問題，別忘了咱們都曾是新手。

儘管對那些懶蟲抱怨一聲 RTFM 是正當的，能指出文件的位置（即便只是建議個 Google 搜索關鍵詞）會更好。

若是你決定回答，就請給出好的答案。當別人正在用錯誤的工具或方法時別建議笨拙的權宜之計（wordaround），應推薦更好的工具，從新界定問題。

正面的回答問題！若是這個提問者已經很深刻的研究並且也代表已經試過 X 、 Y 、 Z 、 A 、 B 、 C 但沒獲得結果，回答 試試看 A 或是 B 或者 試試 X 、 Y 、 Z 、 A 、 B 、 C 並附上一個連接一點用都沒有。

幫助你的社區從問題中學習。當回覆一個好問題時，問問本身：如何修改相關文件或常見問題文件以避免再次解答一樣的問題？，接着再向文件維護者發一份補丁。

若是你是在研究一番後才作出的回答，展示你的技巧而不是直接端出結果。畢竟授人以魚不如授人以漁。

Related Resources

If you need instruction in the basics of how personal computers, Unix, and the Internet work, see The Unix and Internet Fundamentals HOWTO.

When you release software or write patches for software, try to follow the guidelines in the Software Release Practice HOWTO.

Acknowledgements

Evelyn Mitchell contributed some example stupid questions and inspired the 「How To Give A Good Answer」 section. Mikhail Ramendik contributed some particularly valuable suggestions for improvements.

acknowledgements ：答謝的表示；確認收到的信；致謝，鳴謝
contributed ：捐獻，捐助，貢獻出
particularly ：特別，尤爲

 

相關資源

若是你須要我的電腦、Unix 系統和網絡如何運做的基礎知識，參閱 Unix 系統和網絡基本原理。

當你發佈軟件或補丁時，試着按軟件發佈實踐操做。

鳴謝

Evelyn Mitchel 貢獻了一些愚蠢問題例子並啓發了編寫如何更好地回答問題這一節， Mikhail Ramendik 貢獻了一些特別有價值的建議和改進。