canvas精靈封裝

在作canvas動畫時,精靈封裝的好壞,直接影響後續的編程體驗。編程

下文的封裝方法來自《HTML5 Canvas核心技術 圖形、動畫與遊戲開發》,實現了精靈與繪製對象的解耦,很好用,平時本身也用這種寫法。canvas

一個完整的Sprite包含兩部分:數組

  1. Sprite的基本封裝函數

  2. Sprite Painter實現動畫

拆開Sprite和Painter,實現瞭解耦,能夠隨意調整Painter功能。Pinter對象只須要實現: void paint(sprite, context)方法便可。這好像也叫策略模式。this

Sprite 基本封裝:

// name:精靈名字
// painter: 繪製器,需另外封裝
// behaviors: 行爲,精靈行爲
var Sprite = function(name, painter, behaviors){
    this.left = 0,
       this.top = 0,
       this.width = 10,
       this.height = 10,
      this.velocityX = 0,
      this.velocityY = 0,
       this.visible = true,
       this.animating = false,
       this.painter = undefined, // object with paint(sprite, context)
       this.behaviors = [], // objects with execute(sprite, context, time)
       
       if(name){
        this.name = name;
    }
    if(painter){
        this.painter = painter;
    }
}

Sprite.prototype = {
    // painter屬性是一個指向Painter對象的引用,使用paint(sprite, context)方法來繪製精靈。
    // behaviors屬性指向一個對象數組,數組的每一個對象都以execute(sprite, context, time)方法來對精靈進行操做
    paint: function(context){
        if(this.painter.paint !== undefined && this.visible){
            this.painter.paint(this, context);
        }
    },
    
    update: function(context, time){
        for(var i = this.behaviors.length; i > 0; --i){
            this.behaviors[i-1].execute(this, context, time);
        }
    }
}

behavior一開始有些難理解。書上的解釋是:精靈的行爲。prototype

什麼叫行爲呢?code

我的以爲,改變了Sprite基本屬性的動做,都叫精靈的行爲,改變了top、width、velocityX等balabala的都叫行爲。對象

behavior裏面會實現一個excute方法 void excute(sprite, context, time){}。在方法裏面會修改各種的值。到Pianter繪製的時候,會實現修改後的效果。也就實現了精靈的多種行爲。遊戲

精靈繪製器

即提供給Sprite對象的Painter對象,和Sprite解耦。

目前Painter對象分爲三類:

<li>描邊及填充繪製器</li>
<li>圖像繪製器</li>
<li>精靈圖繪製器</li>

描邊繪製器能夠隨意控制,只要實現了 void paint(sprite, context)就能夠了。

1.圖像繪製器

var ImagePainter = function(imgUrl){
    this.image = new Image();
    this.image.src = imgUrl;
}

ImagePainter.prototype = {
    paint: function(sprite, context){
        if(this.image.complete){
            context.drawImage(this.image, sprite.left, sprite.top, sprite.width, sprite.height);
        } else{
            this.iamge.onload = function(e){
                context.drawImage(this.image, sprite.left, sprite.top, sprite.width, sprite.height);
            }
        }
    }
}

2.精靈繪製器

var SpriteSheetPainter = function(cells){
    this.cells = cells;
};

SpriteSheetPainter.prototype = {
    cells: [],
    cellIndex: 0,
    
    advance: function(){
        if(this.cellInde === this.cells.length -1 ){
            this.cellIndex = 0;
        } else{
            this.cellIndex++;
        }
    },
    paint: function(sprite, context){
        var cell = this.cells[this.cellIndex];
        context.drawImage(spritesheet, cell.x, cell.y, cell.w, cell.h,
                            sprite.left, sprite.top, cell.w, cell.h);
    }
}

精靈動畫製做器

SpriteAnimator包含兩個參數,Painter數組和回調函數。

var SpriteAnimator = function(painters, elapsedCallback){
    this.painters = painters;
    if(elapsedCallback){
        this.elapsedCallback = elapsedCallback;
    }
};

SpriteAnimator.prototype = {
    painters: [],
    duration: 1000,
    startTime: 0,
    index: 0,
    elapsedCallback: undefined,
    
    end: function(sprite, originalPainter){
        sprite.animating = false;
        if(this.elapsedCallback){
            this.elapsedCallback(sprite);
        } else{
            sprite.painter = originalPainter;
        }
    },
    
    start: function(sprite, duration){
        var endTime = +new Date() + duration,
            period = duration / (this.painters.length),
              interval = undefined,
              animator = this, // for setInterval() function
              originalPainter = sprite.painter;
              
          this.index = 0;
          sprite.animating = true;
          sprite.painter = this.painter[this.index];
          
          interval = setInterval(){
              if(+new Date() < endTime){
                  sprite.painter = animator.painters[++animator.index];
              } else{
                  animator.end(sprite, originalPainter);
                  clearIntercal(interval);
              }
          }, period);
    }
}
相關文章
相關標籤/搜索