1、任務一
2、任務二
3、實驗過程當中遇到的問題及解決
4、實驗感想node
(一)要求
一、學習資源中全課中的「hqyj.嵌入式Linux應用程序開發標準教程.pdf」中的第十一章
二、提交康奈爾筆記的照片linux
(二)結果
shell
返回目錄函數
(一)要求
在Ubuntu完成資源中全課中的「hqyj.嵌入式Linux應用程序開發標準教程.pdf」中的第十一章的test試驗
提交編譯,加載模塊,卸載模塊,測試運行的截圖(要多張,全屏,體現學號信息)學習
(二)實驗步驟:
一、編寫代碼測試
/* test_drv.c */ #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/fs.h> #include <linux/kernel.h> #include <linux/slab.h> #include <linux/types.h> #include <linux/errno.h> #include <linux/cdev.h> #include <asm/uaccess.h> #define TEST_DEVICE_NAME "test_dev" #define BUFF_SZ 1024 /*全局變量*/ static struct cdev test_dev; unsigned int major =0; static char *data = NULL; /*讀函數*/ static ssize_t test_read(struct file *file, char *buf, size_t count, loff_t *f_pos) { int len; if (count < 0 ) { return -EINVAL; } len = strlen(data); count = (len > count)?count:len; if (copy_to_user(buf, data, count)) /* ?內核??的數????用戶??*/ { return -EFAULT; } return count; } /*寫函數*/ static ssize_t test_write(struct file *file, const char *buffer, size_t count, loff_t *f_pos) { if(count < 0) { return -EINVAL; } memset(data, 0, BUFF_SZ); count = (BUFF_SZ > count)?count:BUFF_SZ; if (copy_from_user(data, buffer, count)) /* 將用戶緩衝的數據複製到內核空間*/ { return -EFAULT; } return count; } /*打開函數*/ static int test_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) { printk("This is open operation\n"); /* 分配並初始化緩衝區*/ data = (char*)kmalloc(sizeof(char) * BUFF_SZ, GFP_KERNEL); if (!data) { return -ENOMEM; } memset(data, 0, BUFF_SZ); return 0; } /*關閉函數*/ static int test_release(struct inode *inode,struct file *file) { printk("This is release operation\n"); if (data) { kfree(data); /* 釋放緩衝區*/ data = NULL; /* 防止出現野指針*/ } return 0; } /* 建立、初始化字符設備,而且註冊到系統*/ static void test_setup_cdev(struct cdev *dev, int minor, struct file_operations *fops) { int err, devno = MKDEV(major, minor); cdev_init(dev, fops); dev->owner = THIS_MODULE; dev->ops = fops; err = cdev_add (dev, devno, 1); if (err) { printk (KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding test %d", err, minor); } } /* 虛擬設備的 file_operations 結構 */ static struct file_operations test_fops = { .owner = THIS_MODULE, .read = test_read, .write = test_write, .open = test_open, .release = test_release, }; /*模塊註冊入口*/ int init_module(void) { int result; dev_t dev = MKDEV(major, 0); if (major) {/* 靜態註冊一個設備,設備號先前指定好,並設定設備名,用cat /proc/devices 來查看 */ result = register_chrdev_region(dev, 1, TEST_DEVICE_NAME); } else { result = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev, 0, 1, TEST_DEVICE_NAME); } if (result < 0) { printk(KERN_WARNING "Test device: unable to get major %d\n", major); return result; } test_setup_cdev(&test_dev, 0, &test_fops); printk("The major of the test device is %d\n", major); return 0; } /*卸載模塊*/ void cleanup_module(void) { cdev_del(&test_dev); unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(major, 0), 1); printk("Test device uninstalled\n"); }
二、編譯代碼ui
ifeq ($(KERNELRELEASE),) KERNELDIR ?= /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build /*內核代碼編譯路徑*/ PWD := $(shell pwd) modules: $(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules modules_install: $(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules_install clean: rm -rf *.o *~ core .depend .*.cmd *.ko *.mod.c .tmp_versions .PHONY: modules modules_install clean else obj-m := test_drv.o /* 將生成的模塊爲 test_drv.ko*/ endif
三、驅動模塊加載和卸載命令行
test_drv_load
#!/bin/sh # 驅動模塊名稱 module="test_drv" # 設備名稱。在/proc/devices 中出現 device="test_dev" # 設備文件的輸性 mode="664" group="david" # 刪除已存在的設備節點 rm -f /dev/${device} # 加載驅動模塊 /sbin/insmod -f ./$module.ko $* || exit 1 # 查到設備的主設備號 major=`cat /proc/devices | awk "\\$2==\"$device\" {print \\$1}"` # 建立設備文件節點 mknod /dev/${device} c $major 0 # 設置設備文件屬性 chgrp $group /dev/${device} chmod $mode /dev/${device}
test_drv_unload
#!/bin/sh module="test_drv" device="test_dev" # 卸載驅動模塊 /sbin/rmmod $module $* || exit 1 # 刪除設備文件 rm -f /dev/${device} exit 0
四、運行test.c
測試代碼對驅動程序進行測試設計
/* test.c */ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <fcntl.h> #define TEST_DEVICE_FILENAME "/dev/test_dev" /* 設備文件名*/ #define BUFF_SZ 1024 /* 緩衝大小 */ int main() { int fd, nwrite, nread; char buff[BUFF_SZ]; /*緩衝區*/ /* 打開設備文件 */ fd = open(TEST_DEVICE_FILENAME, O_RDWR); if (fd < 0) { perror("open"); exit(1); } do { printf("Input some words to kernel(enter 'quit' to exit):"); memset(buff, 0, BUFF_SZ); if (fgets(buff, BUFF_SZ, stdin) == NULL) { perror("fgets"); break; } buff[strlen(buff) - 1] = '\0'; if (write(fd, buff, strlen(buff)) < 0) /* 向設備寫入數據 */ { perror("write"); break; } if (read(fd, buff, BUFF_SZ) < 0) /* 從設備讀取數據 */ { perror("read"); break; } else { printf("The read string is from kernel:%s\n", buff); } } while(strncmp(buff, "quit", 4)); close(fd); exit(0); }
(三)運行結果指針
$ make clean;make $ ./test_drv_load
$ gcc –o test test.c $ ./test
$ ./test_drv_unload
問題1:Cannot use CONFIG_STACK_VALIDATION=y, please install libelf-dev
問題1解決方案:經過網上查找,輸入命令行sudo apt install libelf-dev
問題2:報錯function-declaration
問題2解決方案:將test_drv.c
中的copy_from_user
語句改爲raw_copy_from_user
,編譯成功