在用戶程序中的 select() 和 poll() 函數最終會使設備驅動中的 poll() 函數被執行。node
設備驅動程序中的輪詢函數原型:linux
1 /** 用於詢問設備是否能夠非阻塞的讀寫。當詢問條件未觸發時,用戶空間進行 select() 和 poll() 將引發進程阻塞 */ 2 unsigned int (*poll) (struct file *filp, struct poll_table_struct *wait);
globalfifo.cshell
1 #include <linux/module.h> 2 #include <linux/fs.h> 3 #include <linux/init.h> 4 #include <linux/cdev.h> 5 #include <linux/slab.h> 6 #include <linux/uaccess.h> 7 #include <linux/mutex.h> 8 #include <linux/wait.h> 9 #include <linux/sched/signal.h> ///< 內核>5.0 使用 10 //#include <linux/sched.h> 11 #include <linux/poll.h> 12 13 #define GLOBALFIFO_SIZE 0x1000 14 #define MEM_CLEAR 0X1 15 //#define GLOBALFIFO_MAGIC 'g' 16 //#define MEM_CLEAR _IO(GLOBALFIFO_MAGIC, 0) 17 #define GLOBALFIFO_MAJOR 230 18 #define DEVICE_NUMBER 10 19 20 static int globalfifo_major = GLOBALFIFO_MAJOR; 21 module_param(globalfifo_major, int, S_IRUGO); 22 23 struct globalfifo_dev { 24 struct cdev cdev; 25 /** 26 * 目前 FIFO 中有效數據長度 27 * current_len = 0, 表示 FIFO 爲空 28 * current_len = GLOBALFIFO_SIZE, 表示 FIFO 滿 29 */ 30 unsigned int current_len; 31 unsigned char mem[GLOBALFIFO_SIZE]; 32 struct mutex mutex; 33 wait_queue_head_t r_wait; ///< 讀等待隊列頭 34 wait_queue_head_t w_wait; ///< 寫等待隊列頭 35 }; 36 37 struct globalfifo_dev *globalfifo_devp; 38 39 /** 40 * 這裏涉及到私有數據的定義,大多數遵循將文件私有數據 pirvate_data 指向設備結構體, 41 * 再用 read write llseek ioctl 等函數經過 private_data 訪問設備結構體。 42 * 對於此驅動而言,私有數據的設置是在 open 函數中完成的 43 */ 44 static int globalfifo_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp) 45 { 46 /** 47 * NOTA: 48 * container_of 的做用是經過結構體成員的指針找到對應結構體的指針。 49 * 第一個參數是結構體成員的指針 50 * 第二個參數是整個結構體的類型 51 * 第三個參數爲傳入的第一個參數(即結構體成員)的類型 52 * container_of 返回值爲整個結構體指針 53 */ 54 struct globalfifo_dev *dev = container_of(inode->i_cdev, struct globalfifo_dev, cdev); 55 filp->private_data = dev; 56 return 0; 57 } 58 59 static int globalfifo_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp) 60 { 61 return 0; 62 } 63 64 static long globalfifo_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg) 65 { 66 struct globalfifo_dev *dev = filp->private_data; 67 68 switch(cmd){ 69 case MEM_CLEAR: 70 mutex_lock(&dev->mutex); 71 memset(dev->mem, 0, GLOBALFIFO_SIZE); 72 printk(KERN_INFO "globalfifo is set to zero\n"); 73 mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex); 74 break; 75 default: 76 return -EINVAL; 77 } 78 79 return 0; 80 } 81 82 static unsigned int globalfifo_poll(struct file *filp, struct poll_table_struct *wait) 83 { 84 unsigned int mask = 0; 85 struct globalfifo_dev *dev = filp->private_data; 86 87 mutex_lock(&dev->mutex); 88 89 poll_wait(filp, &dev->r_wait, wait); 90 poll_wait(filp, &dev->w_wait, wait); 91 92 if(dev->current_len != 0) { 93 mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM; 94 } 95 96 if(dev->current_len != GLOBALFIFO_SIZE){ 97 mask |= POLLIN | POLLWRNORM; 98 } 99 100 mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex); 101 return mask; 102 } 103 104 105 static loff_t globalfifo_llseek(struct file *filp, loff_t offset, int orig) 106 { 107 loff_t ret = 0; 108 switch(orig) { 109 case 0: /** 從文件開頭位置 seek */ 110 if(offset < 0){ 111 ret = -EINVAL; 112 break; 113 } 114 if((unsigned int)offset > GLOBALFIFO_SIZE){ 115 ret = -EINVAL; 116 break; 117 } 118 filp->f_pos = (unsigned int)offset; 119 ret = filp->f_pos; 120 break; 121 case 1: /** 從文件當前位置開始 seek */ 122 if((filp->f_pos + offset) > GLOBALFIFO_SIZE){ 123 ret = -EINVAL; 124 break; 125 } 126 if((filp->f_pos + offset) < 0){ 127 ret = -EINVAL; 128 break; 129 } 130 filp->f_pos += offset; 131 ret = filp->f_pos; 132 break; 133 default: 134 ret = -EINVAL; 135 break; 136 } 137 138 return ret; 139 } 140 141 static ssize_t globalfifo_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos) 142 { 143 unsigned int count = size; 144 int ret = 0; 145 struct globalfifo_dev *dev = filp->private_data; 146 147 DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(wait, current); ///< 將當前進程加入到 wait 等待隊列 148 mutex_lock(&dev->mutex); 149 add_wait_queue(&dev->w_wait, &wait); ///< 添加等待隊列元到讀隊列頭中 150 151 /** 判斷設備是否可寫 */ 152 while(dev->current_len == GLOBALFIFO_SIZE){ 153 /** 如果非阻塞訪問, 設備忙時, 直接返回 -EAGAIN */ 154 if(filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK) { 155 ret = -EAGAIN; 156 goto out; 157 } 158 159 __set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE); ///<改變進程狀態爲睡眠 160 schedule(); 161 if(signal_pending(current)){ ///< 由於信號而喚醒 162 ret = -ERESTARTSYS; 163 goto out2; 164 } 165 } 166 167 if(count > GLOBALFIFO_SIZE - dev->current_len) 168 count = GLOBALFIFO_SIZE - dev->current_len; 169 170 if(copy_from_user(dev->mem + dev->current_len, buf, count)){ 171 ret = -EFAULT; 172 goto out; 173 } else { 174 dev->current_len += count; 175 printk(KERN_INFO "written %u bytes(s), current len:%d\n", count, dev->current_len); 176 177 wake_up_interruptible(&dev->r_wait); ///< 喚醒讀等待隊列 178 ret = count; 179 } 180 out: 181 mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex); 182 out2: 183 remove_wait_queue(&dev->w_wait, &wait); ///< 移除等待隊列 184 set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING); 185 return ret; 186 } 187 188 /** 189 * *ppos 是要讀的位置相對於文件開頭的偏移,若是該偏移大於或等於 GLOBALFIFO_SIZE,意味着已經獨到文件末尾 190 */ 191 static ssize_t globalfifo_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos) 192 { 193 unsigned int count = size; 194 int ret = 0; 195 struct globalfifo_dev *dev = filp->private_data; 196 197 DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(wait, current); ///< 將當前進程加入到 wait 等待隊列 198 mutex_lock(&dev->mutex); 199 add_wait_queue(&dev->r_wait, &wait); ///< 添加等待隊列元到讀隊列頭中 200 201 /** 等待 FIFO 非空,即判斷設備是否可讀 */ 202 while(dev->current_len == 0) { 203 /** 如果非阻塞訪問, 設備忙時, 直接返回 -EAGAIN */ 204 /** filp->f_flags 是用戶空間 */ 205 if(filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK) { 206 ret = -EAGAIN; 207 goto out; 208 } 209 210 /** 211 * 阻塞訪問,調度其餘進程執行 212 * FIFO 爲空的狀況下,讀進程阻塞,必須依賴寫進程往 FIFO 裏面寫東西喚醒它; 213 * 但寫的進程爲了 FIFO,它必須拿到這個互斥體來訪問 FIFO 這個臨界資源; 214 * 若是讀進程把本身調度出去以前不釋放這個互斥體,那麼讀寫進程之間就死鎖了 215 */ 216 __set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE); ///<改變進程狀態爲睡眠 217 mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex); 218 schedule(); 219 if(signal_pending(current)){ ///< 由於信號而喚醒 220 ret = -ERESTARTSYS; 221 goto out2; 222 } 223 224 mutex_lock(&dev->mutex); 225 } 226 227 /** 要讀取的字節數大於設備文件中的有效數據長度 */ 228 if(count > dev->current_len) 229 count = dev->current_len; 230 231 /** 從用戶空間拷貝數據 */ 232 if(copy_to_user(buf, dev->mem, count)) { 233 ret = -EFAULT; 234 goto out; 235 } else { 236 /** FIFO 中數據前移 */ 237 memcpy(dev->mem, dev->mem + count, dev->current_len - count); 238 dev->current_len -= count; ///< 有效數據長度減小 239 printk(KERN_INFO "read %u bytes(s), current_len: %d\n", count, dev->current_len); 240 241 wake_up_interruptible(&dev->w_wait); ///< 喚醒寫等待隊列 242 243 ret = count; 244 } 245 out: 246 mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex); 247 out2: 248 remove_wait_queue(&dev->r_wait, &wait); ///< 移除等待隊列 249 set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING); 250 return ret; 251 } 252 253 static const struct file_operations globalfifo_fops = { 254 .owner = THIS_MODULE, 255 .poll = globalfifo_poll, 256 .llseek = globalfifo_llseek, 257 .read = globalfifo_read, 258 .write = globalfifo_write, 259 .unlocked_ioctl = globalfifo_ioctl, 260 .open = globalfifo_open, 261 .release = globalfifo_release, 262 }; 263 264 265 /** 266 * @brief globalfifo_setup_cdev 267 * 268 * @param dev 269 * @param index 次設備號 270 */ 271 static void globalfifo_setup_cdev(struct globalfifo_dev *dev, int index) 272 { 273 int err; 274 int devno = MKDEV(globalfifo_major, index); 275 276 /** 使用 cdev_init 便是靜態初始化了 cdev */ 277 cdev_init(&dev->cdev, &globalfifo_fops); 278 dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE; 279 280 /** 設備編號範圍設置爲1,表示咱們只申請了一個設備 */ 281 err = cdev_add(&dev->cdev, devno, 1); 282 if(err) 283 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding globalfifo%d\n", err, index); 284 } 285 286 static int __init globalfifo_init(void) 287 { 288 int ret; 289 int i; 290 dev_t devno = MKDEV(globalfifo_major, 0); 291 292 if(globalfifo_major) 293 ret = register_chrdev_region(devno, DEVICE_NUMBER, "globalfifo"); 294 else { 295 ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, 0, DEVICE_NUMBER, "globalfifo"); 296 globalfifo_major = MAJOR(devno); 297 } 298 299 if(ret < 0) 300 return ret; 301 302 globalfifo_devp = kzalloc(sizeof(struct globalfifo_dev), GFP_KERNEL); 303 if(!globalfifo_devp){ 304 ret = -ENOMEM; 305 goto fail_malloc; 306 } 307 308 for(i = 0; i < DEVICE_NUMBER; i++){ 309 globalfifo_setup_cdev(globalfifo_devp + i, i); 310 } 311 312 mutex_init(&globalfifo_devp->mutex); 313 314 /** 初始化讀寫等待隊列 */ 315 init_waitqueue_head(&globalfifo_devp->r_wait); 316 init_waitqueue_head(&globalfifo_devp->w_wait); 317 318 fail_malloc: 319 unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1); 320 return ret; 321 } 322 323 static void __exit globalfifo_exit(void) 324 { 325 int i; 326 for(i = 0; i < DEVICE_NUMBER; i++) { 327 cdev_del(&(globalfifo_devp + i)->cdev); 328 } 329 kfree(globalfifo_devp); 330 unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(globalfifo_major, 0), DEVICE_NUMBER); 331 } 332 333 module_init(globalfifo_init); 334 module_exit(globalfifo_exit);
epoll_test.c函數
1 } 2 3 epfd = epoll_create(1); 4 if(epfd < 0) { 5 perror("epoll_create()"); 6 return ; 7 } 8 9 bzero(&ev_globalfifo, sizeof(struct epoll_event)); 10 ev_globalfifo.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLPRI; 11 err = epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd, &ev_globalfifo); 12 if(err < 0) { 13 perror("epoll_ctl()"); 14 return ; 15 } 16 err = epoll_wait(epfd, &ev_globalfifo, 1, 15000); 17 if(err < 0) { 18 perror("epoll_wait()"); 19 } else if(err == 0) { 20 printf("No data input in FIFO within 15 seconds.\n"); 21 } else { 22 printf("FIFO is not empty.\n"); 23 } 24 25 err = epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, fd, &ev_globalfifo); 26 if(err < 0) { 27 perror("epoll_ctl()"); 28 return ; 29 } 30 31 return; 32 33 }
Makefilespa
1 .PHONY:all clean test 2 3 TEST_SRC := poll_test.c 4 TEST_TARGET := poll_test 5 6 ifneq ($(KERNELRELEASE),) 7 8 obj-m := globalfifo.o 9 10 else 11 LINUX_KERNEL := $(shell uname -r) 12 LINUX_KERNEL_PATH := /usr/src/linux-headers-$(LINUX_KERNEL) 13 CURRENT_PATH := $(shell pwd) 14 EXTRA_CFLAGS += -DDEBUG 15 16 all: 17 make -C $(LINUX_KERNEL_PATH) M=$(CURRENT_PATH) modules 18 clean: 19 rm -fr *.ko *.o *.mod.o *.mod.c *.symvers *.order .*.ko *.cmd .tmp_versions $(TEST_TARGET) 20 21 test: 22 gcc -o $(TEST_TARGET) $(TEST_SRC) 23 endif