Mantle是iOS和Mac平臺下基於Objective-C編寫的一個簡單高效的模型層框架。html
Mantle能夠輕鬆把JSON數據、字典(Dictionary)和模型(即Objective對象)之間的相互轉換,支持自定義映射,而且內置實現了NSCoding和NSCoping,大大簡化歸檔操做。ios
一般咱們用Objective-C寫的模型層遇到了什麼問題?git
咱們能夠用Github API來舉例。如今假設咱們想用Objective-C展示一個Github Issue,應該怎麼作?github
目前咱們能夠想到segmentfault
直接解析JSON數據字典,而後展示給UI數組
將JSON數據轉換爲模型,在賦值給UI服務器
關於1,弊端有不少,能夠參考個人這篇文章:在iOS開發中使用字典轉模型,如今假設咱們選擇了2,咱們大體會定義下面的GHIssue
模型:網絡
GHIssue.happ
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> typedef enum : NSUInteger { GHIssueStateOpen, GHIssueStateClosed } GHIssueState; @class GHUser; @interface GHIssue : NSObject <NSCoding, NSCopying> @property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSURL *URL; @property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSURL *HTMLURL; @property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSNumber *number; @property (nonatomic, assign, readonly) GHIssueState state; @property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSString *reporterLogin; @property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSDate *updatedAt; @property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) GHUser *assignee; @property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSDate *retrievedAt; @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *title; @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *body; - (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dictionary; @end
GHIssue.m框架
#import "GHIssue.h" #import "GHUser.h" @implementation GHIssue + (NSDateFormatter *)dateFormatter { NSDateFormatter *dateFormatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init]; dateFormatter.locale = [[NSLocale alloc] initWithLocaleIdentifier:@"en_US_POSIX"]; dateFormatter.dateFormat = @"yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss'Z'"; return dateFormatter; } - (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dictionary { self = [self init]; if (self == nil) return nil; _URL = [NSURL URLWithString:dictionary[@"url"]]; _HTMLURL = [NSURL URLWithString:dictionary[@"html_url"]]; _number = dictionary[@"number"]; if ([dictionary[@"state"] isEqualToString:@"open"]) { _state = GHIssueStateOpen; } else if ([dictionary[@"state"] isEqualToString:@"closed"]) { _state = GHIssueStateClosed; } _title = [dictionary[@"title"] copy]; _retrievedAt = [NSDate date]; _body = [dictionary[@"body"] copy]; _reporterLogin = [dictionary[@"user"][@"login"] copy]; _assignee = [[GHUser alloc] initWithDictionary:dictionary[@"assignee"]]; _updatedAt = [self.class.dateFormatter dateFromString:dictionary[@"updated_at"]]; return self; } - (instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder { self = [self init]; if (self == nil) return nil; _URL = [coder decodeObjectForKey:@"URL"]; _HTMLURL = [coder decodeObjectForKey:@"HTMLURL"]; _number = [coder decodeObjectForKey:@"number"]; _state = [coder decodeIntegerForKey:@"state"]; _title = [coder decodeObjectForKey:@"title"]; _retrievedAt = [NSDate date]; _body = [coder decodeObjectForKey:@"body"]; _reporterLogin = [coder decodeObjectForKey:@"reporterLogin"]; _assignee = [coder decodeObjectForKey:@"assignee"]; _updatedAt = [coder decodeObjectForKey:@"updatedAt"]; return self; } - (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder { if (self.URL != nil) [coder encodeObject:self.URL forKey:@"URL"]; if (self.HTMLURL != nil) [coder encodeObject:self.HTMLURL forKey:@"HTMLURL"]; if (self.number != nil) [coder encodeObject:self.number forKey:@"number"]; if (self.title != nil) [coder encodeObject:self.title forKey:@"title"]; if (self.body != nil) [coder encodeObject:self.body forKey:@"body"]; if (self.reporterLogin != nil) [coder encodeObject:self.reporterLogin forKey:@"reporterLogin"]; if (self.assignee != nil) [coder encodeObject:self.assignee forKey:@"assignee"]; if (self.updatedAt != nil) [coder encodeObject:self.updatedAt forKey:@"updatedAt"]; [coder encodeInteger:self.state forKey:@"state"]; } - (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone { GHIssue *issue = [[self.class allocWithZone:zone] init]; issue->_URL = self.URL; issue->_HTMLURL = self.HTMLURL; issue->_number = self.number; issue->_state = self.state; issue->_reporterLogin = self.reporterLogin; issue->_assignee = self.assignee; issue->_updatedAt = self.updatedAt; issue.title = self.title; issue->_retrievedAt = [NSDate date]; issue.body = self.body; return issue; } - (NSUInteger)hash { return self.number.hash; } - (BOOL)isEqual:(GHIssue *)issue { if (![issue isKindOfClass:GHIssue.class]) return NO; return [self.number isEqual:issue.number] && [self.title isEqual:issue.title] && [self.body isEqual:issue.body]; }
GHUser.h
@interface GHUser : NSObject <NSCoding, NSCopying> @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *login; @property (nonatomic, assign) NSUInteger id; @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *avatarUrl; @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *gravatarId; @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *url; @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *htmlUrl; @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *followersUrl; @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *followingUrl; @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *gistsUrl; @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *starredUrl; @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *subscriptionsUrl; @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *organizationsUrl; @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *reposUrl; @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *eventsUrl; @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *receivedEventsUrl; @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *type; @property (nonatomic, assign) BOOL siteAdmin; - (id)initWithDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dictionary; @end
你會看到,如此簡單的事情卻有不少弊端。甚至,還有一些其餘問題,這個例子裏面沒有展現出來。
GHIssue
GHIssue
轉換成 JSON
GHIssueState
,若是枚舉改編了,現有的歸檔會崩潰GHIssue
接口改變了,現有的歸檔會崩潰。若是使用MTLModel,咱們能夠這樣,聲明一個類繼承自MTLModel
typedef enum : NSUInteger { GHIssueStateOpen, GHIssueStateClosed } GHIssueState; @interface GHIssue : MTLModel <MTLJSONSerializing> @property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSURL *URL; @property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSURL *HTMLURL; @property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSNumber *number; @property (nonatomic, assign, readonly) GHIssueState state; @property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSString *reporterLogin; @property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) GHUser *assignee; @property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSDate *updatedAt; @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *title; @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *body; @property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSDate *retrievedAt; @end @implementation GHIssue + (NSDateFormatter *)dateFormatter { NSDateFormatter *dateFormatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init]; dateFormatter.locale = [[NSLocale alloc] initWithLocaleIdentifier:@"en_US_POSIX"]; dateFormatter.dateFormat = @"yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss'Z'"; return dateFormatter; } + (NSDictionary *)JSONKeyPathsByPropertyKey { return @{ @"URL": @"url", @"HTMLURL": @"html_url", @"number": @"number", @"state": @"state", @"reporterLogin": @"user.login", @"assignee": @"assignee", @"updatedAt": @"updated_at" }; } + (NSValueTransformer *)URLJSONTransformer { return [NSValueTransformer valueTransformerForName:MTLURLValueTransformerName]; } + (NSValueTransformer *)HTMLURLJSONTransformer { return [NSValueTransformer valueTransformerForName:MTLURLValueTransformerName]; } + (NSValueTransformer *)stateJSONTransformer { return [NSValueTransformer mtl_valueMappingTransformerWithDictionary:@{ @"open": @(GHIssueStateOpen), @"closed": @(GHIssueStateClosed) }]; } + (NSValueTransformer *)assigneeJSONTransformer { return [MTLJSONAdapter dictionaryTransformerWithModelClass:GHUser.class]; } + (NSValueTransformer *)updatedAtJSONTransformer { return [MTLValueTransformer transformerUsingForwardBlock:^id(NSString *dateString, BOOL *success, NSError *__autoreleasing *error) { return [self.dateFormatter dateFromString:dateString]; } reverseBlock:^id(NSDate *date, BOOL *success, NSError *__autoreleasing *error) { return [self.dateFormatter stringFromDate:date]; }]; } - (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dictionaryValue error:(NSError **)error { self = [super initWithDictionary:dictionaryValue error:error]; if (self == nil) return nil; // Store a value that needs to be determined locally upon initialization. _retrievedAt = [NSDate date]; return self; } @end
很明顯,咱們不須要再去實現<NSCoding>
, <NSCopying>
, -isEqual:
和-hash
。在你的子類裏面生命屬性,MTLModel能夠提供這些方法的默認實現。
最初例子裏面的問題,在這裏都獲得了很好的解決。
MTLModel提供了一個- (void)mergeValueForKey:(NSString *)key fromModel:(id<MTLModel>)model{}
,能夠與其餘任何實現了MTLModel協議的模型對象集成。
+[MTLJSONAdapter JSONDictionaryFromModel:error:]
能夠把任何遵循MTLJSONSerializing>``協議的對象轉換成JSON字典,
+[MTLJSONAdapter JSONArrayFromModels:error:]```相似,不過轉換的是一個數組。
MTLJSONAdapter
中的fromJSONDictionary
和JSONDictionaryFromModel
能夠實現模型和JSON的相互轉化。
JSONKeyPathsByPropertyKey
能夠實現模型和JSON的自定義映射。
JSONTransformerForKey
能夠對JSON和模型不一樣類型進行映射。
classForParsingJSONDictionary
若是你使用了類簇(關於類簇,請參考:類簇在iOS開發中的應用),classForParsingJSONDictionary可讓你選擇使用哪個類進行JSON反序列化。
-decodeValueForKey:withCoder:modelVersion:
方法在解碼時會自動調用,若是重寫,能夠方便的進行自定義。MTLModel默認實現了 NSCoding
協議,能夠利用NSKeyedArchiver
方便的對對象進行歸檔和解檔。
除了SQLite、FMDB以外,若是你想在你的數據裏面執行復雜的查詢,處理不少關係,支持撤銷恢復,Core Data很是適合。
然而,這樣也帶來了一些痛點:
Managed objects
解決了上面看到的一些弊端,可是Core Data自生也有他的弊端。正確的配置Core Data和獲取數據須要不少行代碼。若是你想獲取JSON對象,Core Data須要作不少工做,可是卻只能獲得不多的回報。
可是,若是你已經在你的APP裏面使用了Core Data,Mantle將仍然會是你的API和你的managed model objects之間一個很方便的轉換層。
實現了NSCopying protocol,子類能夠直接copy是多麼爽的事情
實現了NSCoding protocol,跟NSUserDefaults說拜拜
提供了-isEqual:和-hash的默認實現,model做NSDictionary的key方便了許多
支持自定義映射,這在接口改變的狀況下頗有用
簡單且把一件事情作好,不摻雜網絡相關的操做
雖然上面說了一系列的好處,但若是你的App的代碼規模只有幾萬行,或者API只有十幾個,或者沒有遇到上面這些問題, 建議仍是不要引入了,殺雞用指甲刀就夠了。可是,Mantle的實現和思路是值得每位iOS工程師學習和借鑑的。
https://github.com/terwer/MantleDemo
https://github.com/mantle/mantle
http://segmentfault.com/a/1190000002431365
http://yyny.me/ios/Mantle%E3%80%81JSONModel%E3%80%81MJExtension%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95/
PS: 本文由咱們iOS122的小夥伴@TerwerGreen整理編輯,歡迎你們到他的我的博客terwer共同論道!