Python數據分析入門（十一）：數據合併

數據合併(pd.merge)

• 根據單個或多個鍵將不一樣DataFrame的行鏈接起來

• 相似數據庫的鏈接操做

• pd.merge:(left, right, how='inner',on=None,left_on=None, right_on=None )
  left:合併時左邊的DataFrame
  right:合併時右邊的DataFrame
  how:合併的方式,默認'inner', 'outer', 'left', 'right'
  on:須要合併的列名,必須兩邊都有的列名，並以 left 和 right 中的列名的交集做爲鏈接鍵
  left_on: left Dataframe中用做鏈接鍵的列
  right_on: right Dataframe中用做鏈接鍵的列

• 內鏈接 inner:對兩張表都有的鍵的交集進行聯合

• 全鏈接 outer：對二者表的都有的鍵的並集進行聯合

  
  
  

• 左鏈接 left：對全部左表的鍵進行聯合

  
  
  

• 右鏈接 right：對全部右表的鍵進行聯合

  
  
  
  
  

  示例代碼：

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

left = pd.DataFrame({'key': ['K0', 'K1', 'K2', 'K3'],
                      'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2', 'A3'],
                       'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2', 'B3']})

right = pd.DataFrame({'key': ['K0', 'K1', 'K2', 'K3'],
                      'C': ['C0', 'C1', 'C2', 'C3'],
                      'D': ['D0', 'D1', 'D2', 'D3']})

pd.merge(left,right,on='key') #指定鏈接鍵key

 

運行結果：

key    A    B    C    D
0    K0    A0    B0    C0    D0
1    K1    A1    B1    C1    D1
2    K2    A2    B2    C2    D2
3    K3    A3    B3    C3    D3

 

 

示例代碼：

left = pd.DataFrame({'key1': ['K0', 'K0', 'K1', 'K2'],
                    'key2': ['K0', 'K1', 'K0', 'K1'],
                    'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2', 'A3'],
                    'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2', 'B3']})

right = pd.DataFrame({'key1': ['K0', 'K1', 'K1', 'K2'],
                      'key2': ['K0', 'K0', 'K0', 'K0'],
                      'C': ['C0', 'C1', 'C2', 'C3'],
                      'D': ['D0', 'D1', 'D2', 'D3']})

pd.merge(left,right,on=['key1','key2']) #指定多個鍵，進行合併

 

運行結果：

    key1    key2    A    B    C    D
0    K0    K0    A0    B0    C0    D0
1    K1    K0    A2    B2    C1    D1
2    K1    K0    A2    B2    C2    D2

 

#指定左鏈接

left = pd.DataFrame({'key1': ['K0', 'K0', 'K1', 'K2'],
                    'key2': ['K0', 'K1', 'K0', 'K1'],
                    'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2', 'A3'],
                    'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2', 'B3']})
right = pd.DataFrame({'key1': ['K0', 'K1', 'K1', 'K2'],
                      'key2': ['K0', 'K0', 'K0', 'K0'],
                      'C': ['C0', 'C1', 'C2', 'C3'],
                      'D': ['D0', 'D1', 'D2', 'D3']})

pd.merge(left, right, how='left', on=['key1', 'key2'])
    key1    key2          A    B    C    D
0    K0        K0        A0    B0    C0    D0
1    K0        K1        A1    B1    NaN    NaN
2    K1        K0        A2    B2    C1    D1
3    K1        K0        A2    B2    C2    D2
4    K2        K1        A3    B3    NaN    NaN

 

#指定右鏈接

left = pd.DataFrame({'key1': ['K0', 'K0', 'K1', 'K2'],
                    'key2': ['K0', 'K1', 'K0', 'K1'],
                    'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2', 'A3'],
                    'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2', 'B3']})
right = pd.DataFrame({'key1': ['K0', 'K1', 'K1', 'K2'],
                      'key2': ['K0', 'K0', 'K0', 'K0'],
                      'C': ['C0', 'C1', 'C2', 'C3'],
                      'D': ['D0', 'D1', 'D2', 'D3']})
pd.merge(left, right, how='right', on=['key1', 'key2'])
    key1    key2          A    B    C    D
0    K0        K0        A0    B0    C0    D0
1    K1        K0        A2    B2    C1    D1
2    K1        K0        A2    B2    C2    D2
3    K2        K0        NaN    NaN    C3    D3

 

 

默認是「內鏈接」(inner)，即結果中的鍵是交集

how指定鏈接方式

「外鏈接」(outer)，結果中的鍵是並集

示例代碼：

left = pd.DataFrame({'key1': ['K0', 'K0', 'K1', 'K2'],
                    'key2': ['K0', 'K1', 'K0', 'K1'],
                    'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2', 'A3'],
                    'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2', 'B3']})
right = pd.DataFrame({'key1': ['K0', 'K1', 'K1', 'K2'],
                      'key2': ['K0', 'K0', 'K0', 'K0'],
                      'C': ['C0', 'C1', 'C2', 'C3'],
                      'D': ['D0', 'D1', 'D2', 'D3']})
pd.merge(left,right,how='outer',on=['key1','key2'])

 

運行結果：

key1    key2    A    B    C    D
0    K0    K0    A0    B0    C0    D0
1    K0    K1    A1    B1    NaN    NaN
2    K1    K0    A2    B2    C1    D1
3    K1    K0    A2    B2    C2    D2
4    K2    K1    A3    B3    NaN    NaN
5    K2    K0    NaN    NaN    C3    D3

 

處理重複列名

參數suffixes：默認爲_x, _y

示例代碼：

# 處理重複列名
df_obj1 = pd.DataFrame({'key': ['b', 'b', 'a', 'c', 'a', 'a', 'b'],
                        'data' : np.random.randint(0,10,7)})
df_obj2 = pd.DataFrame({'key': ['a', 'b', 'd'],
                        'data' : np.random.randint(0,10,3)})

print(pd.merge(df_obj1, df_obj2, on='key', suffixes=('_left', '_right')))

 

運行結果：

   data_left key  data_right
0          9   b           1
1          5   b           1
2          1   b           1
3          2   a           8
4          2   a           8
5          5   a           8

 

按索引鏈接

參數left_index=True或right_index=True

示例代碼：

# 按索引鏈接
df_obj1 = pd.DataFrame({'key': ['b', 'b', 'a', 'c', 'a', 'a', 'b'],
                        'data1' : np.random.randint(0,10,7)})
df_obj2 = pd.DataFrame({'data2' : np.random.randint(0,10,3)}, index=['a', 'b', 'd'])

print(pd.merge(df_obj1, df_obj2, left_on='key', right_index=True))

 

運行結果：

   data1 key  data2
0      3   b      6
1      4   b      6
6      8   b      6
2      6   a      0
4      3   a      0
5      0   a      0

 

數據合併(pd.concat)

沿軸方向將多個對象合併到一塊兒

1. NumPy的concat

np.concatenate

示例代碼：

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

arr1 = np.random.randint(0, 10, (3, 4))
arr2 = np.random.randint(0, 10, (3, 4))

print(arr1)
print(arr2)

print(np.concatenate([arr1, arr2]))
print(np.concatenate([arr1, arr2], axis=1))

 

運行結果：

# print(arr1)
[[3 3 0 8]
 [2 0 3 1]
 [4 8 8 2]]

# print(arr2)
[[6 8 7 3]
 [1 6 8 7]
 [1 4 7 1]]

# print(np.concatenate([arr1, arr2]))
 [[3 3 0 8]
 [2 0 3 1]
 [4 8 8 2]
 [6 8 7 3]
 [1 6 8 7]
 [1 4 7 1]]

# print(np.concatenate([arr1, arr2], axis=1)) 
[[3 3 0 8 6 8 7 3]
 [2 0 3 1 1 6 8 7]
 [4 8 8 2 1 4 7 1]]

 

2. pd.concat

• 注意指定軸方向，默認axis=0
• join指定合併方式，默認爲outer
• Series合併時查看行索引有無重複

df1 = pd.DataFrame(np.arange(6).reshape(3,2),index=list('abc'),columns=['one','two'])

df2 = pd.DataFrame(np.arange(4).reshape(2,2)+5,index=list('ac'),columns=['three','four'])

pd.concat([df1,df2]) #默認外鏈接，axis=0
    four    one    three    two
a    NaN        0.0    NaN        1.0
b    NaN        2.0    NaN        3.0
c    NaN        4.0    NaN        5.0
a    6.0        NaN    5.0        NaN
c    8.0        NaN    7.0        NaN

pd.concat([df1,df2],axis='columns') #指定axis=1鏈接
    one    two    three    four
a    0    1    5.0        6.0
b    2    3    NaN        NaN
c    4    5    7.0        8.0

#一樣咱們也能夠指定鏈接的方式爲inner
pd.concat([df1,df2],axis=1,join='inner')

    one    two    three    four
a    0    1    5        6
c    4    5    7        8