RabbitMQ 七種隊列模式應用場景案例分析（通俗易懂）

時間  2021-06-05
標籤 java 面試 數據庫 後端 緩存 服務器 數據結構 併發 iphone 異步 欄目 RabbitMQ 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

七種模式介紹與應用場景

簡單模式（Hello World）

作最簡單的事情，一個生產者對應一個消費者，RabbitMQ至關於一個消息代理，負責將A的消息轉發給Bjava

應用場景：將發送的電子郵件放到消息隊列，而後郵件服務在隊列中獲取郵件併發送給收件人面試

工做隊列模式（Work queues）

在多個消費者之間分配任務（競爭的消費者模式），一個生產者對應多個消費者，通常適用於執行資源密集型任務，單個消費者處理不過來，須要多個消費者進行處理數據庫

應用場景：一個訂單的處理須要10s，有多個訂單能夠同時放到消息隊列，而後讓多個消費者同時處理，這樣就是並行了，而不是單個消費者的串行狀況後端

訂閱模式（Publish/Subscribe）

一次向許多消費者發送消息，一個生產者發送的消息會被多個消費者獲取，也就是將消息將廣播到全部的消費者中。緩存

應用場景：更新商品庫存後須要通知多個緩存和多個數據庫，這裏的結構應該是：服務器

  • 一個fanout類型交換機扇出兩個個消息隊列，分別爲緩存消息隊列、數據庫消息隊列
  • 一個緩存消息隊列對應着多個緩存消費者
  • 一個數據庫消息隊列對應着多個數據庫消費者
路由模式（Routing）

有選擇地（Routing key）接收消息，發送消息到交換機而且要指定路由key ，消費者將隊列綁定到交換機時須要指定路由key，僅消費指定路由key的消息數據結構

應用場景：如在商品庫存中增長了1臺iphone12，iphone12促銷活動消費者指定routing key爲iphone12，只有此促銷活動會接收到消息，其它促銷活動不關心也不會消費此routing key的消息併發

主題模式（Topics）

根據主題（Topics）來接收消息，將路由key和某模式進行匹配，此時隊列須要綁定在一個模式上，#匹配一個詞或多個詞，*只匹配一個詞。iphone

應用場景： 同上，iphone促銷活動能夠接收主題爲iphone的消息，如iphone十二、iphone13等異步

遠程過程調用（RPC）

若是咱們須要在遠程計算機上運行功能並等待結果就可使用RPC，具體流程能夠看圖。應用場景：須要等待接口返回數據，如訂單支付

發佈者確認（Publisher Confirms）

與發佈者進行可靠的發佈確認，發佈者確認是RabbitMQ擴展，能夠實現可靠的發佈。在通道上啓用發佈者確認後，RabbitMQ將異步確認發送者發佈的消息，這意味着它們已在服務器端處理。（搜索公衆號民工哥技術之路，查看更多 Java後端技術棧及面試題精選）

應用場景：對於消息可靠性要求較高，好比錢包扣款

代碼演示

代碼中沒有對後面兩種模式演示，有興趣能夠本身研究

簡單模式
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Sender {

    private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "simple_queue";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        // 聲明隊列
        // queue：隊列名
        // durable：是否持久化
        // exclusive：是否排外  即只容許該channel訪問該隊列   通常等於true的話用於一個隊列只能有一個消費者來消費的場景
        // autoDelete：是否自動刪除  消費完刪除
        // arguments：其餘屬性
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);

        //消息內容
        String message = "simplest mode message";
        channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes());
        System.out.println("[x]Sent '" + message + "'");

        //最後關閉通關和鏈接
        channel.close();
        connection.close();

    }
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;


public class Receiver {

    private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "simplest_queue";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
        // 獲取鏈接
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);

        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println(" [x] Received '" +
                    delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
        };
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
        });
    }
}
工做隊列模式
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Receiver1 {

    private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_work";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        // 同一時刻服務器只會發送一條消息給消費者
        channel.basicQos(1);

        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println(" [x] Received '" +
                    delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
        };
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
        });

    }
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;


public class Receiver2 {

    private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_work";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();


        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        // 同一時刻服務器只會發送一條消息給消費者
        channel.basicQos(1);

        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println(" [x] Received '" +
                    delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
        };
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
        });

    }
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Sender {

    private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_work";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        // 聲明隊列
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            String message = "work mode message" + i;
            channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes());
            System.out.println("[x] Sent '" + message + "'");
            Thread.sleep(i * 10);
        }

        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}
發佈訂閱模式
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

public class Receive1 {

    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "logs";

    public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();


        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");
        String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
        channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");

        System.out.println(" [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");

        // 訂閱消息的回調函數
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + message + "'");
        };

        // 消費者，有消息時出發訂閱回調函數
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
        });
    }
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

public class Receive2 {

    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "logs";

    public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();


        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");
        String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
        channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");

        System.out.println(" [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");

        // 訂閱消息的回調函數
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println(" [x] Received2 '" + message + "'");
        };

        // 消費者，有消息時出發訂閱回調函數
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
        });
    }
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Sender {

    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "logs";

    public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();


        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");

        String message = "publish subscribe message";
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, message.getBytes("UTF-8"));
        System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + message + "'");

        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}
路由模式
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Receiver1 {

    private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_routing";
    private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();


        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        // 指定路由的key，接收key和key2
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "key");
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "key2");

        channel.basicQos(1);

        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println(" [x] Received '" +
                    delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
        };
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
        });
    }

}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Receiver2 {

    private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_routing2";
    private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        // 僅接收key2
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "key2");

        channel.basicQos(1);

        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println(" [x] Received '" +
                    delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
        };
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
        });


    }
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Sender {

    private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct";
    private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "direct";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        // 交換機聲明
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_TYPE);

        // 只有routingKey相同的纔會消費
        String message = "routing mode message";
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "key2", null, message.getBytes());
        System.out.println("[x] Sent '" + message + "'");
//        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "key", null, message.getBytes());
//        System.out.println("[x] Sent '" + message + "'");

        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}
主題模式
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Receiver1 {

    private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_topic";
    private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        // 能夠接收key.1
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "key.*");

        channel.basicQos(1);

        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println(" [x] Received '" +
                    delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
        };
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
        });
    }
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Receiver2 {

    private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_topic2";
    private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";
    private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "topic";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        // *號表明單個單詞，能夠接收key.1
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "*.*");
        // #號表明多個單詞，能夠接收key.1.2
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "*.#");

        channel.basicQos(1);

        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println(" [x] Received '" +
                    delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
        };
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
        });
    }
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Sender {

    private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";
    private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "topic";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_TYPE);

        String message = "topics model message with key.1";
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "key.1", null, message.getBytes());
        System.out.println("[x] Sent '" + message + "'");
        String message2 = "topics model message with key.1.2";
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "key.1.2", null, message2.getBytes());
        System.out.println("[x] Sent '" + message2 + "'");

        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}
四種交換機介紹
  • 直連交換機（Direct exchange）： 具備路由功能的交換機，綁定到此交換機的時候須要指定一個routing_key，交換機發送消息的時候須要routing_key，會將消息發送道對應的隊列
  • 扇形交換機（Fanout exchange）： 廣播消息到全部隊列，沒有任何處理，速度最快
  • 主題交換機（Topic exchange）： 在直連交換機基礎上增長模式匹配，也就是對routing_key進行模式匹配，*表明一個單詞，#表明多個單詞
  • 首部交換機（Headers exchange）： 忽略routing_key，使用Headers信息（一個Hash的數據結構）進行匹配，優點在於能夠有更多更靈活的匹配規則

總結

這麼多種隊列模式中都有其應用場景，你們能夠根據應用場景示例中進行選擇

做者：我思知我在
blog.csdn.net/qq_32828253/article/details/110450249

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