Python官網:https://www.python.org/node
#下載Python3.6.4安裝包 [root@db03 ~]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.4/Python-3.6.4.tgz #生成Python環境安裝文件 [root@db03 ~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.6.4 --with-ssl #編譯 [root@db03 ~]# make #安裝 [root@db03 ~]# make install #軟連接python3命令 [root@db03 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python3.6.4/bin/python3 /usr/bin/ #軟連接pip3命令 [root@db03 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python3.6.4/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/
Python鏈接redis驅動網站:http://www.redis.cn/clients
python
打開github倉庫,而後能夠下載驅動器的包
linux
也可使用pip安裝redis驅動git
[root@db01 Python-3.6.4]# pip3 install redis Collecting redis Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ac/a7/cff10cc5f1180834a3ed564d148fb4329c989cbb1f2e196fc9a10fa07072/redis-3.2.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (65kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 71kB 120kB/s Installing collected packages: redis Successfully installed redis-3.2.1 You are using pip version 9.0.1, however version 19.0.3 is available. You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
安裝redisgithub
#下載 [root@db01 src]# wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-3.2.12.tar.gz #解壓 [root@db01 src]# tar xf redis-3.2.12.tar.gz #移動到指定目錄 [root@db01 src]# mv redis-3.2.12 /application/ #作軟連接 [root@db01 src]# ln -s /application/redis-3.2.12 /application/redis #進入redis目錄 [root@db01 src]# cd /application/redis #編譯 [root@db01 redis]# make #添加環境變量 [root@db01 redis]# vim /etc/profile.d/redis.sh export PATH="/application/redis/src:$PATH" #建立配置文件存放目錄 [root@db01 ~]# mkdir -p /data/6379 #編輯redis配置文件 [root@db01 ~]# vim /data/6379/redis.conf port 6379 daemonize yes pidfile /data/6379/redis.pid logfile "/data/6379/redis.log" dbfilename dump.rdb dir /data/6379 protected-mode no appendonly yes requirepass zls #啓動redis [root@db01 ~]# redis-server /data/6379/redis.conf #鏈接redis [root@db01 ~]# redis-cli -a zls #設置key 127.0.0.1:6379> set name zls OK
使用Python鏈接redisredis
#鏈接Python終端 [root@db01 ~]# python3 Python 3.6.4 (default, Apr 8 2019, 17:12:35) [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4)] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> #導入redis模塊 >>> import redis #設置redis鏈接變量 >>> r = redis.StrictRedis(host='localhost', port=6379, db=0,password='zls') #獲取剛纔建立的key >>> r.get('name') b'zls' #建立一個key >>> r.set('age', '18') True #退出Python終端 >>> quit() #鏈接redis [root@db01 ~]# redis-cli -a zls #查看是否有剛纔建立的key 127.0.0.1:6379> KEYS * #查看age的值 127.0.0.1:6379> get age "18"
通常在企業中,Redis是不會使用單臺,大部分企業都是以集羣的形式存在的,因此咱們須要知道,Python如何鏈接Redis集羣的API,固然咱們講的集羣,有Sentinel和Redis Cluster。vim
#啓動Redis多實例 [root@db01 ~]# redis-server /data/6380/redis.conf [root@db01 ~]# redis-server /data/6381/redis.conf [root@db01 ~]# redis-server /data/6382/redis.conf #啓動Redis Sentinel [root@db01 ~]# redis-sentinel /data/26380/sentinel.conf & #鏈接python終端 [root@db01 ~]# python3 Python 3.6.4 (default, Apr 8 2019, 17:12:35) [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4)] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. #導入Redis Sentinel模塊 >>> from redis.sentinel import Sentinel #設置鏈接信息變量 >>> sentinel = Sentinel([('localhost', 26380)], socket_timeout=0.1) #獲取主庫,從庫信息 >>> sentinel.discover_master('mymaster') >>> sentinel.discover_slaves('mymaster') #配置讀寫分離,寫節點 >>> master = sentinel.master_for('mymaster', socket_timeout=0.1,password="zls") #配置讀寫分離,讀節點 >>> slave = sentinel.slave_for('mymaster', socket_timeout=0.1,password="zls") #讀寫分離測試key >>> master.set('zls', 'handsome') >>> slave.get('zls') 'handsome'
Redis Cluster的鏈接並操做(python2.7.2以上版本才支持redis cluster,咱們選擇的是3.6.4)
https://github.com/Grokzen/redis-py-clusterapi
#安裝Python鏈接Redis Cluster驅動 [root@db01 ~]# pip3 install redis-py-cluster Collecting redis-py-cluster Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/6d/02/b2458f900496d1e573ada7ffd882efe62aeee992eab1222411fe08aa5f75/redis-py-cluster-1.3.6.tar.gz Collecting redis==2.10.6 (from redis-py-cluster) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3b/f6/7a76333cf0b9251ecf49efff635015171843d9b977e4ffcf59f9c4428052/redis-2.10.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl (64kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 71kB 26kB/s Installing collected packages: redis, redis-py-cluster Found existing installation: redis 3.2.1 Uninstalling redis-3.2.1: Successfully uninstalled redis-3.2.1 Running setup.py install for redis-py-cluster ... done Successfully installed redis-2.10.6 redis-py-cluster-1.3.6 You are using pip version 9.0.1, however version 19.0.3 is available. You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command. #啓動Redis Cluster集羣 [root@db01 ~]# redis-server /data/7000/redis.conf [root@db01 ~]# redis-server /data/7001/redis.conf [root@db01 ~]# redis-server /data/7002/redis.conf [root@db01 ~]# redis-server /data/7003/redis.conf [root@db01 ~]# redis-server /data/7004/redis.conf [root@db01 ~]# redis-server /data/7005/redis.conf #鏈接Python終端 [root@db01 ~]# python3 Python 3.6.4 (default, Apr 8 2019, 17:12:35) [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4)] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. #導入Redis Cluster模塊 >>> from rediscluster import StrictRedisCluster #設置登陸redis集羣變量 >>> startup_nodes = [{"host": "127.0.0.1", "port": "7000"}] #設置鏈接變量 >>> rc = StrictRedisCluster(startup_nodes=startup_nodes, decode_responses=True) #測試設置key >>> rc.set("foo", "bar") True #查詢key >>> print(rc.get("foo")) bar
緩存穿透緩存
概念:
訪問一個不存在的key,緩存不起做用,請求會穿透到DB,流量大時DB會掛掉。app
解決方案:
採用布隆過濾器,使用一個足夠大的bitmap,用於存儲可能訪問的key,不存在的key直接被過濾;
訪問key未在DB查詢到值,也將空值寫進緩存,但能夠設置較短過時時間。
緩存雪崩
概念:
大量的key設置了相同的過時時間,致使在緩存在同一時刻所有失效,形成瞬時DB請求量大、壓力驟增,引發雪崩。
解決方案:
能夠給緩存設置過時時間時加上一個隨機值時間,使得每一個key的過時時間分佈開來,不會集中在同一時刻失效。
緩存擊穿
概念:
一個存在的key,在緩存過時的一刻,同時有大量的請求,這些請求都會擊穿到DB,形成瞬時DB請求量大、壓力驟增。
解決方案: 在訪問key以前,採用SETNX(set if not exists)來設置另外一個短時間key來鎖住當前key的訪問,訪問結束再刪除該短時間key。