【統計學】第四章

Evernote Export

一組數據的分佈特徵能夠從那幾個方面進行測度？

• 數據的分佈特徵能夠從三個方面進行測度和描述，一是分佈的集中趨勢，反映各數據向其中心值靠攏或彙集的程度；二是分佈的離散程度，反映各數據遠離其中心值的趨勢；三是分佈的形狀，反映數據分佈的偏態和峯態。

怎樣理解平均數在統計學中的地位？

• 平均數在統計學中具備重要的地位，它是進行統計分析和統計推斷的基礎。從統計思想上看，平均數是一組數據的重心所在，是數據偏差相互抵消後的必然結果。
• 好比，對同一事物進行屢次測量，所得結果可能不一致，這是測量偏差所致，也多是其餘因素的偶然影響，利用平均數做爲其表明值，則能夠使偏差相互抵消，反映出事物必然性的數量特徵。

簡述四分位數的計算方法

• 設下四分位數爲QL​,上四分位數爲QU​,根據四分位數的定義

QL​=4n​

QU​=43n​

若是位置是整數，四分位數就是該位置對應的值，若是是在0.5的位置上，則取該位置兩側值的平均數，若是在0.25或0.75的位置上，則四分位數等於該位置的下側值加上按比例分攤位置兩側數值的差值。

對於比率數據的平均爲何採用幾何平均？

• 幾何平均數是適用於特殊數據的一種平均數。它主要用於計算平均比率。當所掌握的變量值自己是比率的形式時，採用幾何平均法計算平均比率更爲合理。在實際應用中，幾何平均數主要用於計算現象的平均增加率。

簡述衆數、中位數和平均數的特色和應用場合。

• 衆數是一組數據分佈的峯值，不受極端值的影響。其缺點是具備不惟一性，一組數據可能有兩個或多個衆數，也可能沒有衆數。衆數只有在數據量較多時纔有意義，當數據量較少時，不宜使用衆數。衆數主要適合做爲分類數據的集中趨勢測度值。
• 中位數是一組數據中間位置上的表明值，不受數據極端值的影響，當一組數據的分佈偏斜程度較大時，使用中位數也許是一個好的選擇。中位數主要適合做爲順序數據的集中趨勢測度值。
• 平均數是針對數值型數據計算的，並且利用了所有數據信息，它是實際中應用最普遍的集中趨勢測度值。當數據呈對稱分佈或接近對稱分佈時，3個表明值相等或接近相等，這時則應選擇平均數做爲集中趨勢的表明值。可是平均數的主要缺點是易受到數據極端值的影響，對於偏分佈的數據，平均數的表明性差。所以，當數據爲偏態分佈，特別是偏斜程度較大時，能夠考慮選擇中位數或衆數，這時它們的表明性比平均數好。

簡述異衆比率、四分位差、方差或標準差的應用場合。

• 異衆比率主要用於衡量衆數對一組數據的表明程度。異衆比率越大，說明非衆數組的頻數佔總頻數的比重越大，衆數的表明性越差；異衆比率越小，說明非衆數組的頻數佔總頻數的比重越小，衆數的表明性越好。異衆比率主要適合測度分類數據的離散程度，固然，對於順序數據以及數值型數據也能夠計算異衆比率。
• 四分位差反映了中間50%數據的離散程度，其數值越小，說明中間的數據越集中，其數值越大，說明中間的數據越分散。四分位差不受極值的影響。此外，因爲中位數處於數據的中間位置，所以，四分位差的大小在必定程度上也說明了中位數對一組數據的表明程度。四分位差的大小在必定程度也說明了中位數對一組數據的表明程度。四分位差主要用於測度順序數據的離散程度。對於數值型數據也能夠計算四分位差，可是它不適合分類數據。
• 方差是各變量值與其平均數離差平方的平均數。方差(或標準差)能較好的反應出數據的離散程度，是實際中應用最廣的離散程度測度值。

標準分數有哪些用途？

• 標準分數給出了一組數據中各數值的相對位置。

爲何要計算離散係數？

• 離散係數也稱爲變異係數，它是一組數據的標準差與其相應的平均數之比。離散係數是測度數據離散程度的相對統計量，主要是用於比較不一樣樣本數據的離散程度。離散係數越大，說明數據的離散程度也大，離散係數越小，說明數據的離散程度也越小。

測度數據分佈形狀的統計量有哪些？

• 偏態係數
• 峯態係數

• 1.四分位差是上四分位數減下四分位數的結果
• 2.各變量值與其平均數離差平方的平均數稱爲方差
• 3.對於右偏分佈，平均數、中位數、衆數之間的關係是：平均數>中位數>衆數
• 4.在比較兩組數據的離散程度時，不能直接比較它們的標準差，由於兩組的數據計量單位不一樣

%23%23%23%20%E4%B8%80%E7%BB%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%81%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E4%BB%8E%E9%82%A3%E5%87%A0%E4%B8%AA%E6%96%B9%E9%9D%A2%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%B5%8B%E5%BA%A6%EF%BC%9F%0A%3E*%20%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%81%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E4%BB%8E%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%AA%E6%96%B9%E9%9D%A2%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%B5%8B%E5%BA%A6%E5%92%8C%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%80%E6%98%AF%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%86%E4%B8%AD%E8%B6%8B%E5%8A%BF%EF%BC%8C%E5%8F%8D%E6%98%A0%E5%90%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%90%91%E5%85%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E5%80%BC%E9%9D%A0%E6%8B%A2%E6%88%96%E8%81%9A%E9%9B%86%E7%9A%84%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%A6%EF%BC%9B%E4%BA%8C%E6%98%AF%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E7%9A%84%E7%A6%BB%E6%95%A3%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%A6%EF%BC%8C%E5%8F%8D%E6%98%A0%E5%90%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E8%BF%9C%E7%A6%BB%E5%85%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E5%80%BC%E7%9A%84%E8%B6%8B%E5%8A%BF%EF%BC%9B%E4%B8%89%E6%98%AF%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%A2%E7%8A%B6%EF%BC%8C%E5%8F%8D%E6%98%A0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E7%9A%84%E5%81%8F%E6%80%81%E5%92%8C%E5%B3%B0%E6%80%81%E3%80%82%0A%0A%23%23%23%20%E6%80%8E%E6%A0%B7%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%95%B0%E5%9C%A8%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D%EF%BC%9F%0A%3E*%20%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%95%B0%E5%9C%A8%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B7%E6%9C%89%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%81%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D%EF%BC%8C%E5%AE%83%E6%98%AF%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%92%8C%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E6%8E%A8%E6%96%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E3%80%82%E4%BB%8E%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%E4%B8%8A%E7%9C%8B%EF%BC%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%95%B0%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%80%E7%BB%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E9%87%8D%E5%BF%83%E6%89%80%E5%9C%A8%EF%BC%8C%E6%98%AF%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E8%AF%AF%E5%B7%AE%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E6%8A%B5%E6%B6%88%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E5%BF%85%E7%84%B6%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C%E3%80%82%0A%3E*%20%E6%AF%94%E5%A6%82%EF%BC%8C%E5%AF%B9%E5%90%8C%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%8B%E7%89%A9%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%9A%E6%AC%A1%E6%B5%8B%E9%87%8F%EF%BC%8C%E6%89%80%E5%BE%97%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%80%E8%87%B4%EF%BC%8C%E8%BF%99%E6%98%AF%E6%B5%8B%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%AF%E5%B7%AE%E6%89%80%E8%87%B4%EF%BC%8C%E4%B9%9F%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%E6%98%AF%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E5%9B%A0%E7%B4%A0%E7%9A%84%E5%81%B6%E7%84%B6%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%EF%BC%8C%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%95%B0%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%BA%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%80%BC%EF%BC%8C%E5%88%99%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E4%BD%BF%E8%AF%AF%E5%B7%AE%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E6%8A%B5%E6%B6%88%EF%BC%8C%E5%8F%8D%E6%98%A0%E5%87%BA%E4%BA%8B%E7%89%A9%E5%BF%85%E7%84%B6%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E9%87%8F%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%81%E3%80%82%0A%0A%23%23%23%20%E7%AE%80%E8%BF%B0%E5%9B%9B%E5%88%86%E4%BD%8D%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%0A%3E*%20%E8%AE%BE%E4%B8%8B%E5%9B%9B%E5%88%86%E4%BD%8D%E6%95%B0%E4%B8%BA%24Q_L%24%2C%E4%B8%8A%E5%9B%9B%E5%88%86%E4%BD%8D%E6%95%B0%E4%B8%BA%24Q_U%24%2C%E6%A0%B9%E6%8D%AE%E5%9B%9B%E5%88%86%E4%BD%8D%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%0A%3E%20%24%24Q_L%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7Bn%7D%7B4%7D%24%24%0A%3E%20%24%24Q_U%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B3n%7D%7B4%7D%24%24%0A%3E%20%E5%A6%82%E6%9E%9C%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%98%AF%E6%95%B4%E6%95%B0%EF%BC%8C%E5%9B%9B%E5%88%86%E4%BD%8D%E6%95%B0%E5%B0%B1%E6%98%AF%E8%AF%A5%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%AF%B9%E5%BA%94%E7%9A%84%E5%80%BC%EF%BC%8C%E5%A6%82%E6%9E%9C%E6%98%AF%E5%9C%A80.5%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8A%EF%BC%8C%E5%88%99%E5%8F%96%E8%AF%A5%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%A4%E4%BE%A7%E5%80%BC%E7%9A%84%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%95%B0%EF%BC%8C%E5%A6%82%E6%9E%9C%E5%9C%A80.25%E6%88%960.75%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8A%EF%BC%8C%E5%88%99%E5%9B%9B%E5%88%86%E4%BD%8D%E6%95%B0%E7%AD%89%E4%BA%8E%E8%AF%A5%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%8B%E4%BE%A7%E5%80%BC%E5%8A%A0%E4%B8%8A%E6%8C%89%E6%AF%94%E4%BE%8B%E5%88%86%E6%91%8A%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%A4%E4%BE%A7%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%AE%E5%80%BC%E3%80%82%0A%0A%23%23%23%20%E5%AF%B9%E4%BA%8E%E6%AF%94%E7%8E%87%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E9%87%87%E7%94%A8%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%EF%BC%9F%0A%3E*%20%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%95%B0%E6%98%AF%E9%80%82%E7%94%A8%E4%BA%8E%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E7%A7%8D%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%95%B0%E3%80%82%E5%AE%83%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E7%94%A8%E4%BA%8E%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%AF%94%E7%8E%87%E3%80%82%E5%BD%93%E6%89%80%E6%8E%8C%E6%8F%A1%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E5%80%BC%E6%9C%AC%E8%BA%AB%E6%98%AF%E6%AF%94%E7%8E%87%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F%E6%97%B6%EF%BC%8C%E9%87%87%E7%94%A8%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%B3%95%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%AF%94%E7%8E%87%E6%9B%B4%E4%B8%BA%E5%90%88%E7%90%86%E3%80%82%E5%9C%A8%E5%AE%9E%E9%99%85%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E4%B8%AD%EF%BC%8C%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%95%B0%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E7%94%A8%E4%BA%8E%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1%E7%9A%84%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E5%A2%9E%E9%95%BF%E7%8E%87%E3%80%82%0A%0A%23%23%23%20%E7%AE%80%E8%BF%B0%E4%BC%97%E6%95%B0%E3%80%81%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%8D%E6%95%B0%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E7%89%B9%E7%82%B9%E5%92%8C%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%9C%BA%E5%90%88%E3%80%82%0A%3E*%20%E4%BC%97%E6%95%B0%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%80%E7%BB%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E7%9A%84%E5%B3%B0%E5%80%BC%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%97%E6%9E%81%E7%AB%AF%E5%80%BC%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E3%80%82%E5%85%B6%E7%BC%BA%E7%82%B9%E6%98%AF%E5%85%B7%E6%9C%89%E4%B8%8D%E5%94%AF%E4%B8%80%E6%80%A7%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%80%E7%BB%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%E6%9C%89%E4%B8%A4%E4%B8%AA%E6%88%96%E5%A4%9A%E4%B8%AA%E4%BC%97%E6%95%B0%EF%BC%8C%E4%B9%9F%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89%E4%BC%97%E6%95%B0%E3%80%82%E4%BC%97%E6%95%B0%E5%8F%AA%E6%9C%89%E5%9C%A8%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%87%8F%E8%BE%83%E5%A4%9A%E6%97%B6%E6%89%8D%E6%9C%89%E6%84%8F%E4%B9%89%EF%BC%8C%E5%BD%93%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%87%8F%E8%BE%83%E5%B0%91%E6%97%B6%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%8D%E5%AE%9C%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E4%BC%97%E6%95%B0%E3%80%82%E4%BC%97%E6%95%B0%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E9%80%82%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%BA%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%86%E4%B8%AD%E8%B6%8B%E5%8A%BF%E6%B5%8B%E5%BA%A6%E5%80%BC%E3%80%82%0A%3E*%20%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%8D%E6%95%B0%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%80%E7%BB%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%80%BC%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%97%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%9E%81%E7%AB%AF%E5%80%BC%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%EF%BC%8C%E5%BD%93%E4%B8%80%E7%BB%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%81%8F%E6%96%9C%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%A6%E8%BE%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%B6%EF%BC%8C%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%8D%E6%95%B0%E4%B9%9F%E8%AE%B8%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E5%A5%BD%E7%9A%84%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E3%80%82%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%8D%E6%95%B0%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E9%80%82%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%BA%E9%A1%BA%E5%BA%8F%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%86%E4%B8%AD%E8%B6%8B%E5%8A%BF%E6%B5%8B%E5%BA%A6%E5%80%BC%E3%80%82%0A%3E*%20%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%95%B0%E6%98%AF%E9%92%88%E5%AF%B9%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC%E5%9E%8B%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%9A%84%EF%BC%8C%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%94%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E4%BA%86%E5%85%A8%E9%83%A8%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%EF%BC%8C%E5%AE%83%E6%98%AF%E5%AE%9E%E9%99%85%E4%B8%AD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E6%9C%80%E5%B9%BF%E6%B3%9B%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%86%E4%B8%AD%E8%B6%8B%E5%8A%BF%E6%B5%8B%E5%BA%A6%E5%80%BC%E3%80%82%E5%BD%93%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%91%88%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E6%88%96%E6%8E%A5%E8%BF%91%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E6%97%B6%EF%BC%8C3%E4%B8%AA%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%80%BC%E7%9B%B8%E7%AD%89%E6%88%96%E6%8E%A5%E8%BF%91%E7%9B%B8%E7%AD%89%EF%BC%8C%E8%BF%99%E6%97%B6%E5%88%99%E5%BA%94%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%95%B0%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%BA%E9%9B%86%E4%B8%AD%E8%B6%8B%E5%8A%BF%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%80%BC%E3%80%82%E4%BD%86%E6%98%AF%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E7%BC%BA%E7%82%B9%E6%98%AF%E6%98%93%E5%8F%97%E5%88%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%9E%81%E7%AB%AF%E5%80%BC%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%EF%BC%8C%E5%AF%B9%E4%BA%8E%E5%81%8F%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%EF%BC%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E6%80%A7%E5%B7%AE%E3%80%82%E5%9B%A0%E6%AD%A4%EF%BC%8C%E5%BD%93%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%B8%BA%E5%81%8F%E6%80%81%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%EF%BC%8C%E7%89%B9%E5%88%AB%E6%98%AF%E5%81%8F%E6%96%9C%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%A6%E8%BE%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%B6%EF%BC%8C%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E8%80%83%E8%99%91%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%8D%E6%95%B0%E6%88%96%E4%BC%97%E6%95%B0%EF%BC%8C%E8%BF%99%E6%97%B6%E5%AE%83%E4%BB%AC%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E6%80%A7%E6%AF%94%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%95%B0%E5%A5%BD%E3%80%82%0A%0A%23%23%23%20%E7%AE%80%E8%BF%B0%E5%BC%82%E4%BC%97%E6%AF%94%E7%8E%87%E3%80%81%E5%9B%9B%E5%88%86%E4%BD%8D%E5%B7%AE%E3%80%81%E6%96%B9%E5%B7%AE%E6%88%96%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%B7%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%9C%BA%E5%90%88%E3%80%82%0A%3E*%20%E5%BC%82%E4%BC%97%E6%AF%94%E7%8E%87%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E7%94%A8%E4%BA%8E%E8%A1%A1%E9%87%8F%E4%BC%97%E6%95%B0%E5%AF%B9%E4%B8%80%E7%BB%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%A6%E3%80%82%E5%BC%82%E4%BC%97%E6%AF%94%E7%8E%87%E8%B6%8A%E5%A4%A7%EF%BC%8C%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E9%9D%9E%E4%BC%97%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E7%9A%84%E9%A2%91%E6%95%B0%E5%8D%A0%E6%80%BB%E9%A2%91%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E9%87%8D%E8%B6%8A%E5%A4%A7%EF%BC%8C%E4%BC%97%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E6%80%A7%E8%B6%8A%E5%B7%AE%EF%BC%9B%E5%BC%82%E4%BC%97%E6%AF%94%E7%8E%87%E8%B6%8A%E5%B0%8F%EF%BC%8C%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E9%9D%9E%E4%BC%97%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E7%9A%84%E9%A2%91%E6%95%B0%E5%8D%A0%E6%80%BB%E9%A2%91%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E9%87%8D%E8%B6%8A%E5%B0%8F%EF%BC%8C%E4%BC%97%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E6%80%A7%E8%B6%8A%E5%A5%BD%E3%80%82%E5%BC%82%E4%BC%97%E6%AF%94%E7%8E%87%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E9%80%82%E5%90%88%E6%B5%8B%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E7%A6%BB%E6%95%A3%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%A6%EF%BC%8C%E5%BD%93%E7%84%B6%EF%BC%8C%E5%AF%B9%E4%BA%8E%E9%A1%BA%E5%BA%8F%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%BB%A5%E5%8F%8A%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC%E5%9E%8B%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%B9%9F%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E5%BC%82%E4%BC%97%E6%AF%94%E7%8E%87%E3%80%82%0A%3E*%20%E5%9B%9B%E5%88%86%E4%BD%8D%E5%B7%AE%E5%8F%8D%E6%98%A0%E4%BA%86%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B450%25%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E7%A6%BB%E6%95%A3%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%A6%EF%BC%8C%E5%85%B6%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC%E8%B6%8A%E5%B0%8F%EF%BC%8C%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E8%B6%8A%E9%9B%86%E4%B8%AD%EF%BC%8C%E5%85%B6%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC%E8%B6%8A%E5%A4%A7%EF%BC%8C%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E8%B6%8A%E5%88%86%E6%95%A3%E3%80%82%E5%9B%9B%E5%88%86%E4%BD%8D%E5%B7%AE%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%97%E6%9E%81%E5%80%BC%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E3%80%82%E6%AD%A4%E5%A4%96%EF%BC%8C%E7%94%B1%E4%BA%8E%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%8D%E6%95%B0%E5%A4%84%E4%BA%8E%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%EF%BC%8C%E5%9B%A0%E6%AD%A4%EF%BC%8C%E5%9B%9B%E5%88%86%E4%BD%8D%E5%B7%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%80%E5%AE%9A%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%8A%E4%B9%9F%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%BA%86%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%8D%E6%95%B0%E5%AF%B9%E4%B8%80%E7%BB%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%A6%E3%80%82%E5%9B%9B%E5%88%86%E4%BD%8D%E5%B7%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%80%E5%AE%9A%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%A6%E4%B9%9F%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%BA%86%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%8D%E6%95%B0%E5%AF%B9%E4%B8%80%E7%BB%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%A6%E3%80%82%E5%9B%9B%E5%88%86%E4%BD%8D%E5%B7%AE%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E7%94%A8%E4%BA%8E%E6%B5%8B%E5%BA%A6%E9%A1%BA%E5%BA%8F%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E7%A6%BB%E6%95%A3%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%A6%E3%80%82%E5%AF%B9%E4%BA%8E%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC%E5%9E%8B%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%B9%9F%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E5%9B%9B%E5%88%86%E4%BD%8D%E5%B7%AE%EF%BC%8C%E4%BD%86%E6%98%AF%E5%AE%83%E4%B8%8D%E9%80%82%E5%90%88%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E3%80%82%0A%3E*%20%E6%96%B9%E5%B7%AE%E6%98%AF%E5%90%84%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E5%80%BC%E4%B8%8E%E5%85%B6%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%95%B0%E7%A6%BB%E5%B7%AE%E5%B9%B3%E6%96%B9%E7%9A%84%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%95%B0%E3%80%82%E6%96%B9%E5%B7%AE(%E6%88%96%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%B7%AE)%E8%83%BD%E8%BE%83%E5%A5%BD%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%87%BA%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E7%A6%BB%E6%95%A3%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%A6%EF%BC%8C%E6%98%AF%E5%AE%9E%E9%99%85%E4%B8%AD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E6%9C%80%E5%B9%BF%E7%9A%84%E7%A6%BB%E6%95%A3%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%A6%E6%B5%8B%E5%BA%A6%E5%80%BC%E3%80%82%0A%0A%23%23%23%20%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%88%86%E6%95%B0%E6%9C%89%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E7%94%A8%E9%80%94%EF%BC%9F%0A%3E*%20%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%88%86%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%99%E5%87%BA%E4%BA%86%E4%B8%80%E7%BB%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%90%84%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC%E7%9A%84%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E3%80%82%0A%0A%23%23%23%20%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E8%A6%81%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%A6%BB%E6%95%A3%E7%B3%BB%E6%95%B0%EF%BC%9F%0A%3E*%20%E7%A6%BB%E6%95%A3%E7%B3%BB%E6%95%B0%E4%B9%9F%E7%A7%B0%E4%B8%BA%E5%8F%98%E5%BC%82%E7%B3%BB%E6%95%B0%EF%BC%8C%E5%AE%83%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%80%E7%BB%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%B7%AE%E4%B8%8E%E5%85%B6%E7%9B%B8%E5%BA%94%E7%9A%84%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%95%B0%E4%B9%8B%E6%AF%94%E3%80%82%E7%A6%BB%E6%95%A3%E7%B3%BB%E6%95%B0%E6%98%AF%E6%B5%8B%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%A6%BB%E6%95%A3%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E9%87%8F%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E6%98%AF%E7%94%A8%E4%BA%8E%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C%E6%A0%B7%E6%9C%AC%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E7%A6%BB%E6%95%A3%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%A6%E3%80%82%E7%A6%BB%E6%95%A3%E7%B3%BB%E6%95%B0%E8%B6%8A%E5%A4%A7%EF%BC%8C%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E7%A6%BB%E6%95%A3%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%A6%E4%B9%9F%E5%A4%A7%EF%BC%8C%E7%A6%BB%E6%95%A3%E7%B3%BB%E6%95%B0%E8%B6%8A%E5%B0%8F%EF%BC%8C%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E7%A6%BB%E6%95%A3%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%A6%E4%B9%9F%E8%B6%8A%E5%B0%8F%E3%80%82%0A%0A%23%23%23%20%E6%B5%8B%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BD%A2%E7%8A%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E9%87%8F%E6%9C%89%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%EF%BC%9F%0A%3E*%20%E5%81%8F%E6%80%81%E7%B3%BB%E6%95%B0%0A%3E*%20%E5%B3%B0%E6%80%81%E7%B3%BB%E6%95%B0%0A%0A%0A*%201.%E5%9B%9B%E5%88%86%E4%BD%8D%E5%B7%AE%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%8A%E5%9B%9B%E5%88%86%E4%BD%8D%E6%95%B0%E5%87%8F%E4%B8%8B%E5%9B%9B%E5%88%86%E4%BD%8D%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C%0A*%202.%E5%90%84%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E5%80%BC%E4%B8%8E%E5%85%B6%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%95%B0%E7%A6%BB%E5%B7%AE%E5%B9%B3%E6%96%B9%E7%9A%84%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%95%B0%E7%A7%B0%E4%B8%BA%E6%96%B9%E5%B7%AE%0A*%203.%E5%AF%B9%E4%BA%8E%E5%8F%B3%E5%81%8F%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%EF%BC%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%95%B0%E3%80%81%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%8D%E6%95%B0%E3%80%81%E4%BC%97%E6%95%B0%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E6%98%AF%EF%BC%9A**%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%95%B0%3E%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%8D%E6%95%B0%3E%E4%BC%97%E6%95%B0**%0A*%204.%E5%9C%A8%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E4%B8%A4%E7%BB%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E7%A6%BB%E6%95%A3%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%A6%E6%97%B6%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%8D%E8%83%BD%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E5%AE%83%E4%BB%AC%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%B7%AE%EF%BC%8C%E5%9B%A0%E4%B8%BA%E4%B8%A4%E7%BB%84%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE**%E8%AE%A1%E9%87%8F%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C**