UITableView+FDTemplateLayoutCell是一個優化計算cell高度以追求性能的輕量級框架,雖然Apple在這方面也不斷作出改變以求達到優化效果,但彷佛成效並不那麼順利,詳情能夠閱讀該框架製做團隊的博文 優化UITableViewCell高度計算的那些事。html
經過本文你能夠閱讀到:git
首先,咱們先分析框架的組成,github地址:傳送門github
能夠看到,框架只提供了4個類,能夠說是十分輕量級的。但爲了儘可能簡化的去學習,咱們先除去用來打印debug信息的UITableView+FDTemplateLayoutCellDebug
。同時,由於UITableView+FDKeyedHeightCache
和UITableView+FDIndexPathHeightCache
實際上是兩套cell高度緩存機制,那麼咱們能夠二選一先進行學習,瞄了一眼二者的代碼量,你應該也是果斷選擇了前者吧?😆swift
通過一番篩選,咱們的探討重點縮小爲:緩存
接下來,咱們主要以框架的demo開始進行學習。bash
如日常咱們使用UITableView同樣,設置完reuseIdentifier
和初始數據後,咱們進行UITableView的Data Source
和Delegate
配置。數據結構
能夠發現,該框架對Data Source
部分無代碼侵入性,但對Delegate
中- (CGFloat)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView heightForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath;
部分存在代碼侵入性。app
咱們主要觀察FDSimulatedCacheModeCacheByKey
這個case:框架
FDFeedEntity *entity = self.feedEntitySections[indexPath.section][indexPath.row];
return [tableView fd_heightForCellWithIdentifier:@"FDFeedCell"
cacheByKey:entity.identifier
configuration:^(FDFeedCell *cell) {
// 主要用來設置cell的樣式`accessoryType`和數據`entity`,即對cell進行配置。
[self configureCell:cell atIndexPath:indexPath];
}];
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咱們對一個框架的評價也包括其對項目源碼的入侵性,無入侵性則優。而該框架成功的在Data Source
部分作到無入侵性,但爲什麼不得不在返回cell高度這個Delegate中作這種具入侵性的行爲?咱們點進去看看。ide
- (CGFloat)fd_heightForCellWithIdentifier:(NSString *)identifier cacheByKey:(id<NSCopying>)key configuration:(void (^)(id cell))configuration {
// 1
if (!identifier || !key) {
return 0;
}
// 2
// Hit cache
if ([self.fd_keyedHeightCache existsHeightForKey:key]) {
CGFloat cachedHeight = [self.fd_keyedHeightCache heightForKey:key];
[self fd_debugLog:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"hit cache by key[%@] - %@", key, @(cachedHeight)]];
return cachedHeight;
}
// 3
CGFloat height = [self fd_heightForCellWithIdentifier:identifier configuration:configuration];
[self.fd_keyedHeightCache cacheHeight:height byKey:key];
[self fd_debugLog:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"cached by key[%@] - %@", key, @(height)]];
// 4
return height;
}
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一步步來探討:
cell無重用標識符或者緩存key值爲空,則height值返回0;
這比較容易理解,reuseIdentifier
爲空去cell重用池固然取不回對應的cell。用值爲空的key去fd_keyedHeightCache
緩存池固然也取不回對應的高度值。fd_keyedHeightCache
在步驟2介紹。
命中緩存,根據key值從key-height緩存池中取出對應的height值。
fd_keyedHeightCache
:設置該關聯屬性的目的是建立key-height緩存池,其類型爲FDKeyedHeightCache
,底層經過NSMutableDictionary<id<NSCopying>, NSNumber *>
做爲key-height關係進行一一對應的存儲,並提供多種方法,後面再細說。
沒有命中緩存,先計算出height值,再將key-height對應關係放入在key-height緩存池。
返回計算完成並被緩存好的height值。
從上面的步驟中咱們初步知道入侵性代碼大體都作了什麼,但並無過多的深刻了解,主要包括:一是FDKeyedHeightCache
的數據結構,二是cell高度的計算實現。
這兩點偏偏是該框架的核心內容。
FDKeyedHeightCache部分的代碼量很是少且容易理解,這裏主要提一下緩存失效問題。
FDKeyedHeightCache提供了兩種途徑,分別是使指定key的height失效方法:- (void)invalidateHeightForKey:(id<NSCopying>)key;
和使整個key-height緩存池失效方法:- (void)invalidateAllHeightCache;
。
那麼斷定key-height失效的依據是什麼?
咱們能夠從下面這段代碼中看出其tricky:
- (BOOL)existsHeightForKey:(id<NSCopying>)key {
NSNumber *number = self.mutableHeightsByKeyForCurrentOrientation[key];
return number && ![number isEqualToNumber:@-1];
}
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咱們能夠看到,斷定失效的本質依據是:height值爲-1時,key-height失效,該斷定一樣適用於FDIndexPathHeightCache緩存機制。
自動的緩存失效機制(本質處理是將height值設爲-1,或者清空高度緩存池)
無須擔憂你數據源的變化引發的緩存失效,當調用如-reloadData,-deleteRowsAtIndexPaths:withRowAnimation:等任何一個觸發 UITableView 刷新機制的方法時,已有的高度緩存將以最小的代價執行失效。如刪除一個 indexPath 爲 [0:5] 的 cell 時,[0:0] ~ [0:4] 的高度緩存不受影響,而 [0:5] 後面全部的緩存值都向前移動一個位置。自動緩存失效機制對 UITableView 的 9 個公有 API 都進行了分別的處理,以保證沒有一次多餘的高度計算。
cell高度計算能夠說是該框架中最複雜的部分,咱們須要先對template layout cell的理解有個大體概念:能夠把template layout cell當作是一個佔位的cell。
咱們繼續點進去相關的代碼:
- (CGFloat)fd_heightForCellWithIdentifier:(NSString *)identifier configuration:(void (^)(id cell))configuration {
// 1
if (!identifier) {
return 0;
}
// 2
UITableViewCell *templateLayoutCell = [self fd_templateCellForReuseIdentifier:identifier];
// 3
// Manually calls to ensure consistent behavior with actual cells. (that are displayed on screen)
[templateLayoutCell prepareForReuse];
// 4
// Customize and provide content for our template cell.
if (configuration) {
configuration(templateLayoutCell);
}
// 5
return [self fd_systemFittingHeightForConfiguratedCell:templateLayoutCell];
}
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一步步來探討:
無重用標識符則height值返回0;
根據重用標識符獲取templateLayoutCell;
cell在從dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:
取出以後,若是須要作一些額外的計算,好比說計算cell高度,手動調用prepareForReuse
以確保與實際cell(顯示屏幕上)的行爲一致;
主要是在外部調用的block裏爲templateLayoutCell提供數據,以及對其進行一些自定義;
經過templateLayoutCell真正計算height值。
咱們再對步驟2和5進行深刻的解析,而這兩點偏偏是高度計算的核心:
點進去方法實現:
- (__kindof UITableViewCell *)fd_templateCellForReuseIdentifier:(NSString *)identifier {
// 1
NSAssert(identifier.length > 0, @"Expect a valid identifier - %@", identifier);
// 2
NSMutableDictionary<NSString *, UITableViewCell *> *templateCellsByIdentifiers = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, _cmd);
// 3
if (!templateCellsByIdentifiers) {
templateCellsByIdentifiers = @{}.mutableCopy;
objc_setAssociatedObject(self, _cmd, templateCellsByIdentifiers, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
}
// 4
UITableViewCell *templateCell = templateCellsByIdentifiers[identifier];
// 5
if (!templateCell) {
templateCell = [self dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:identifier];
NSAssert(templateCell != nil, @"Cell must be registered to table view for identifier - %@", identifier);
templateCell.fd_isTemplateLayoutCell = YES;
templateCell.contentView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
templateCellsByIdentifiers[identifier] = templateCell;
[self fd_debugLog:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"layout cell created - %@", identifier]];
}
// 6
return templateCell;
}
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繼續一步步探討:
對identifier
斷言,這好理解;
獲取identifier-templateCell緩存池templateCellsByIdentifiers
;
templateCellsByIdentifiers
的類型爲NSMutableDictionary<NSString *, UITableViewCell *>
若是緩存池templateCellsByIdentifiers
不存在,則建立一個,並設置成關聯屬性;
根據標識符identifier
在identifier-templateCell緩存池中取出templateCell,找不到則返回nil;
在templateCell緩存池找不到對應的templateCell的話,會先去系統的cell複用池中查找,若是沒有註冊對應的identifier
,會被斷言,找到後則賦值給templateCell,被標記爲fd_isTemplateLayoutCell
,且其內容佈局會變成frame layout
,最後該templateCell會被放入identifier-templateCell緩存池中。
被標記爲fd_isTemplateLayoutCell
的緣由源碼中也有解釋:
/// Indicate this is a template layout cell for calculation only.
/// You may need this when there are non-UI side effects when configure a cell.
/// Like:
/// - (void)configureCell:(FooCell *)cell atIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
/// cell.entity = [self entityAtIndexPath:indexPath];
/// if (!cell.fd_isTemplateLayoutCell) {
/// [self notifySomething]; // non-UI side effects
/// }
/// }
///
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經過判斷cell是否爲templateCell,若是是則表示在配置cell時只進行佈局計算,不去作UI相關的改動。
跳進其實現方法,長達100多行的代碼着實顯示出其份量,但過程並不複雜,咱們來看看:
- (CGFloat)fd_systemFittingHeightForConfiguratedCell:(UITableViewCell *)cell {
// 1. 拿到tableView的寬度
CGFloat contentViewWidth = CGRectGetWidth(self.frame);
// 2. 將cell的寬度設置成跟tableView同樣寬
CGRect cellBounds = cell.bounds;
cellBounds.size.width = contentViewWidth;
cell.bounds = cellBounds;
// 3. 拿到快速索引的寬度(若是有)
CGFloat rightSystemViewsWidth = 0.0;
for (UIView *view in self.subviews) {
if ([view isKindOfClass:NSClassFromString(@"UITableViewIndex")]) {
rightSystemViewsWidth = CGRectGetWidth(view.frame);
break;
}
}
// 4. 主要是計算Accessory view的寬度。
// If a cell has accessory view or system accessory type, its content view's width is smaller // than cell's by some fixed values.
if (cell.accessoryView) {
rightSystemViewsWidth += 16 + CGRectGetWidth(cell.accessoryView.frame);
} else {
static const CGFloat systemAccessoryWidths[] = {
[UITableViewCellAccessoryNone] = 0,
[UITableViewCellAccessoryDisclosureIndicator] = 34,
[UITableViewCellAccessoryDetailDisclosureButton] = 68,
[UITableViewCellAccessoryCheckmark] = 40,
[UITableViewCellAccessoryDetailButton] = 48
};
rightSystemViewsWidth += systemAccessoryWidths[cell.accessoryType];
}
// 5. 應該是判斷設備是不是i6plus
if ([UIScreen mainScreen].scale >= 3 && [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width >= 414) {
rightSystemViewsWidth += 4;
}
// 6. cell實際contentView寬度大小
contentViewWidth -= rightSystemViewsWidth;
// 7. 下面已經給出了接下來計算流程的註釋,這裏就再也不過多解釋
// If not using auto layout, you have to override "-sizeThatFits:" to provide a fitting size by yourself.
// This is the same height calculation passes used in iOS8 self-sizing cell's implementation. // // 1. Try "- systemLayoutSizeFittingSize:" first. (skip this step if 'fd_enforceFrameLayout' set to YES.) // 2. Warning once if step 1 still returns 0 when using AutoLayout // 3. Try "- sizeThatFits:" if step 1 returns 0 // 4. Use a valid height or default row height (44) if not exist one CGFloat fittingHeight = 0; if (!cell.fd_enforceFrameLayout && contentViewWidth > 0) { // Add a hard width constraint to make dynamic content views (like labels) expand vertically instead // of growing horizontally, in a flow-layout manner. NSLayoutConstraint *widthFenceConstraint = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:cell.contentView attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:nil attribute:NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute multiplier:1.0 constant:contentViewWidth]; // [bug fix] after iOS 10.3, Auto Layout engine will add an additional 0 width constraint onto cell's content view, to avoid that, we add constraints to content view's left, right, top and bottom. static BOOL isSystemVersionEqualOrGreaterThen10_2 = NO; static dispatch_once_t onceToken; dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{ isSystemVersionEqualOrGreaterThen10_2 = [UIDevice.currentDevice.systemVersion compare:@"10.2" options:NSNumericSearch] != NSOrderedAscending; }); NSArray<NSLayoutConstraint *> *edgeConstraints; if (isSystemVersionEqualOrGreaterThen10_2) { // To avoid confilicts, make width constraint softer than required (1000) widthFenceConstraint.priority = UILayoutPriorityRequired - 1; // Build edge constraints NSLayoutConstraint *leftConstraint = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:cell.contentView attribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:cell attribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft multiplier:1.0 constant:0]; NSLayoutConstraint *rightConstraint = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:cell.contentView attribute:NSLayoutAttributeRight relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:cell attribute:NSLayoutAttributeRight multiplier:1.0 constant:-rightSystemViewsWidth]; NSLayoutConstraint *topConstraint = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:cell.contentView attribute:NSLayoutAttributeTop relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:cell attribute:NSLayoutAttributeTop multiplier:1.0 constant:0]; NSLayoutConstraint *bottomConstraint = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:cell.contentView attribute:NSLayoutAttributeBottom relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:cell attribute:NSLayoutAttributeBottom multiplier:1.0 constant:0]; edgeConstraints = @[leftConstraint, rightConstraint, topConstraint, bottomConstraint]; [cell addConstraints:edgeConstraints]; } [cell.contentView addConstraint:widthFenceConstraint]; // Auto layout engine does its math fittingHeight = [cell.contentView systemLayoutSizeFittingSize:UILayoutFittingCompressedSize].height; // Clean-ups [cell.contentView removeConstraint:widthFenceConstraint]; if (isSystemVersionEqualOrGreaterThen10_2) { [cell removeConstraints:edgeConstraints]; } [self fd_debugLog:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"calculate using system fitting size (AutoLayout) - %@", @(fittingHeight)]]; } if (fittingHeight == 0) { #if DEBUG // Warn if using AutoLayout but get zero height. if (cell.contentView.constraints.count > 0) { if (!objc_getAssociatedObject(self, _cmd)) { NSLog(@"[FDTemplateLayoutCell] Warning once only: Cannot get a proper cell height (now 0) from '- systemFittingSize:'(AutoLayout). You should check how constraints are built in cell, making it into 'self-sizing' cell."); objc_setAssociatedObject(self, _cmd, @YES, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC); } } #endif // Try '- sizeThatFits:' for frame layout. // Note: fitting height should not include separator view. fittingHeight = [cell sizeThatFits:CGSizeMake(contentViewWidth, 0)].height; [self fd_debugLog:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"calculate using sizeThatFits - %@", @(fittingHeight)]]; } // Still zero height after all above. if (fittingHeight == 0) { // Use default row height. fittingHeight = 44; } // Add 1px extra space for separator line if needed, simulating default UITableViewCell. if (self.separatorStyle != UITableViewCellSeparatorStyleNone) { fittingHeight += 1.0 / [UIScreen mainScreen].scale; } return fittingHeight; } 複製代碼
關於tableviewCell的佈局內容能夠閱讀一下Apple的這篇文檔:A Closer Look at Table View Cells
到此,咱們能夠開始動手嘗試編寫該框架的一個初步實現的swift版本,其具備key-height緩存機制,暫無indexPath-height緩存機制和高度失效機制。
GitHub地址:TemplateLayoutCell
PS: 此項目只是做爲學習該框架的一個playground~
歡迎你們指點,能點個💖就更棒啦~