NETWORK筆記9：默認路由與浮動路由

默認路由：一種特殊的靜態路由，只有從路由表中找不到任何明確匹配的路由條目時，纔會使用默認路由。(當訪問Internet時，一些網絡出口只有一個，此時沒有必要配置)

浮動路由：配置一個管理距離更大的靜態路由，做爲應急出發的備份路徑，在主路由有效的狀況下，浮動路由不會出如今路由表中。

實驗名稱：華爲路由器配置靜態路由默認路由實現全網互通

實驗拓撲圖：

實驗步驟：PC配置IP子網掩碼網關

                 路由器配置接口和靜態路由

                 驗證

實驗結果：實現全網互通爲浮動路由作準備

實驗命令：

R1

<Huawei>system-view 

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei]sysname R1

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown 

Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdown 

Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.2       //ip 路由-靜態 （默認路由或缺省路由一種特殊的靜態路由！）

[R1]display ip routing-table        #顯示 IP 路由-表 

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

      標記                    下載   到 路由表

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Routing Tables: Public

         Destinations : 11       Routes : 11       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

目標地址   掩碼     協議                         下一跳          接口 

        0.0.0.0/0   Static  60   0          RD   192.168.2.2     GigabitEthernet

0/0/1               靜態

      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

    192.168.1.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.254   GigabitEthernet

0/0/0               直連

  192.168.1.254/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

  192.168.1.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

    192.168.2.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.2.1     GigabitEthernet

0/0/1

    192.168.2.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/1

  192.168.2.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/1

255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

R2

<Huawei>sysn

<Huawei>sys

<Huawei>system-view 

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei]sysname R2

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown 

Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0

Nov 19 2018 19:09:16-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdown 

Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0

Nov 19 2018 19:10:00-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit 

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1        //#IP 路由-靜態 目標網絡ID 子網掩碼 下一跳端口

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2

[R2]display ip routing-table 

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Routing Tables: Public

         Destinations : 12       Routes : 12       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

    192.168.1.0/24  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.2.1     GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

    192.168.2.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.2.2     GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

    192.168.2.2/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

  192.168.2.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

    192.168.3.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.3.1     GigabitEthernet

0/0/1

    192.168.3.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/1

  192.168.3.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/1

    192.168.4.0/24  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.3.2     GigabitEthernet

0/0/1

255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

R3

<Huawei>sys

<Huawei>system-view 

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei]sysname R3

[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdown

Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0

Nov 19 2018 19:11:07-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown

Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.4.254 255.255.255.0

Nov 19 2018 19:12:23-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.1        //ip 路由-靜態 （默認路由或缺省路由一種特殊的靜態路由！）

[R3]display ip routing-table 

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Routing Tables: Public

         Destinations : 11       Routes : 11       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   Static  60   0          RD   192.168.3.1     GigabitEthernet

0/0/1

      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

    192.168.3.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.3.2     GigabitEthernet

0/0/1

    192.168.3.2/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/1

  192.168.3.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/1

    192.168.4.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.4.254   GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

  192.168.4.254/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

  192.168.4.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

=====================================================================================

實驗名稱：思科配置靜態路由默認路由實現全網互通

實驗拓撲圖：

實驗步驟：PC配置IP子網掩碼網關

                 路由器配置接口和靜態路由

                 驗證並保存

實驗結果：實現全網互通爲浮動路由作準備

實驗命令：

R1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal 

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#no ip domain lookup

R1(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/1

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.2        //靜態默認路由

R1(config)#end

R1#show ip route 

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 192.168.2.2 to network 0.0.0.0

     192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C       192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1

L       192.168.1.254/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1

     192.168.2.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C       192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

L       192.168.2.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2

                     屬性

R3#write

R2

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal 

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#hostname R2

R2(config)#no ip domain lookup

R2(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/2

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1

R2(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2

R2(config)#end

R2#show ip route         直連             靜態

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

S    192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.1

     192.168.2.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C       192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

L       192.168.2.2/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

     192.168.3.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C       192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2

L       192.168.3.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2

S    192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.2

                              屬性

R2#write

R3

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal 

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#hostname R3

R3(config)#no ip domain lookup

R3(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/2

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/1

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.254 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.1        //靜態默認路由

R3(config)#end

R3#show ip route        直連              靜態

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 192.168.3.1 to network 0.0.0.0

     192.168.3.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C       192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2

L       192.168.3.2/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2

     192.168.4.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C       192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1

L       192.168.4.254/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1

S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1

                     屬性

R3#write

======================================================================================

實驗名稱：華爲路由鏈路負載均衡與備份

實驗拓撲：

實驗步驟：配置IP路由屬性

                 驗證並保存

實驗總結：調整路由屬性值實現路由鏈路負載均衡與備份。

                 當主鏈路或者端口出現問題備份鏈路開始工做。

實驗命令：

R1

<Huawei>system-view 

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei]sysname R1

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdown

Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0

Nov 19 2018 22:49:20-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP 

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown

Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.22.1 255.255.255.0

Nov 19 2018 22:50:05-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[3]:The line protocol IP 

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.2

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.22.2

R2

<Huawei>system-view 

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei]sysname R2

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdown

Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown

Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip  address 192.168.22.2 255.255.255.0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.1

[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.22.1

[R1]display ip routing-table 

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Routing Tables: Public

         Destinations : 11       Routes : 12       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   Static  60   0          RD   192.168.2.2     GigabitEthernet

0/0/1

                    Static  60   0          RD   192.168.22.2    GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

    192.168.2.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.2.1     GigabitEthernet

0/0/1

    192.168.2.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/1

  192.168.2.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/1

   192.168.22.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.22.1    GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

   192.168.22.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

 192.168.22.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

[R1]display current-configuration 

[V200R003C00]

#

 sysname R1

#

 snmp-agent local-engineid 800007DB03000000000000

 snmp-agent 

#

 clock timezone China-Standard-Time minus 08:00:00

#

portal local-server load portalpage.zip

#

 drop illegal-mac alarm

#

 set cpu-usage threshold 80 restore 75

#

aaa 

 authentication-scheme default

 authorization-scheme default

 accounting-scheme default

 domain default 

 domain default_admin 

 local-user admin password cipher %$%$K8m.Nt84DZ}e#<0`8bmE3Uw}%$%$

 local-user admin service-type http

#

firewall zone Local

 priority 15

#

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0

 ip address 192.168.22.1 255.255.255.0 

#

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1

 ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 

#

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2

#

interface NULL0

#

ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.2

ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.22.2

#

user-interface con 0

 authentication-mode password

user-interface vty 0 4

user-interface vty 16 20

#

wlan ac

#

return

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.22.2 preference 66      #優先權 66（默認值60）此時192.168.22.0鏈路爲備份鏈路

[R1]display ip routing-table

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Routing Tables: Public

         Destinations : 11       Routes : 11       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   Static  60   0          RD   192.168.2.2     GigabitEthernet

0/0/1

      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

    192.168.2.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.2.1     GigabitEthernet

0/0/1

    192.168.2.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/1

  192.168.2.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/1

   192.168.22.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.22.1    GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

   192.168.22.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

 192.168.22.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

[R1]dis current-configuration 

[V200R003C00]

#

 sysname R1

#

 snmp-agent local-engineid 800007DB03000000000000

 snmp-agent 

#

 clock timezone China-Standard-Time minus 08:00:00

#

portal local-server load portalpage.zip

#

 drop illegal-mac alarm

#

 set cpu-usage threshold 80 restore 75

#

aaa 

 authentication-scheme default

 authorization-scheme default

 accounting-scheme default

 domain default 

 domain default_admin 

 local-user admin password cipher %$%$K8m.Nt84DZ}e#<0`8bmE3Uw}%$%$

 local-user admin service-type http

#

firewall zone Local

 priority 15

#

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0

 ip address 192.168.22.1 255.255.255.0 

#

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1

 ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 

#

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2

#

interface NULL0

#

ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.2

ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.22.2 preference 66

#

user-interface con 0

 authentication-mode password

user-interface vty 0 4

user-interface vty 16 20

#

wlan ac

#

return

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]shutdown        #模擬0/0/1端口或192.168.2.0鏈路出現故障 

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[R1]display ip routing-table 

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Routing Tables: Public

         Destinations : 8        Routes : 8        

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   Static  66   0          RD   192.168.22.2    GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

   192.168.22.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.22.1    GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

   192.168.22.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

 192.168.22.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

[R1]interface g

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdown

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[R1]display ip routing-table 

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Routing Tables: Public

         Destinations : 11       Routes : 11       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   Static  60   0          RD   192.168.2.2     GigabitEthernet

0/0/1

      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

    192.168.2.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.2.1     GigabitEthernet

0/0/1

    192.168.2.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/1

  192.168.2.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/1

   192.168.22.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.22.1    GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

   192.168.22.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

 192.168.22.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

[R1]quit

<R1>save

======================================================================================

實驗名稱：思科路由鏈路負載均衡與備份

實驗拓撲：

實驗步驟：配置IP路由屬性

                驗證並保存

實驗總結：調整路由屬性值實現路由鏈路負載均衡與備份。

                當主鏈路或者端口出現問題備份鏈路開始工做。

實驗命令：

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal 

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#no ip domain lookup

R1(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/1

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.22.21 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#exit 

R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.2

R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.22.2

R1(config)#end

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal 

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#hostname R2

R2(config)#no ip domain lookup

R2(config)#interface gi

R2(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/1

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.22.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#

R1#show ip route 

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 192.168.2.2 to network 0.0.0.0

     192.168.2.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C       192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

L       192.168.2.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

     192.168.22.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C       192.168.22.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1

L       192.168.22.21/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1

S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2

               [1/0] via 192.168.22.2        //此時兩條線路都走數據實現負載均衡

R1#configure terminal 

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.22.2 11        //修改屬性值爲11（默認屬性值爲1）

R1(config)#exit

R1#show ip route 

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 192.168.2.2 to network 0.0.0.0

     192.168.2.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C       192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

L       192.168.2.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

     192.168.22.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C       192.168.22.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1

L       192.168.22.21/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1

S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2        //此時192.168.22.0鏈路爲備份鏈路不走數據

R1#configure terminal 

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

R1(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0

R1(config-if)#shutdown        //關掉0/0端口（模擬0/0端口或192.168.2.0鏈路出現故障）

R1#show ip route 

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 192.168.22.2 to network 0.0.0.0

     192.168.22.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C       192.168.22.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1

L       192.168.22.21/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1

S*   0.0.0.0/0 [11/0] via 192.168.22.2        //192.168.2.0鏈路出現故障，192.168.22.0鏈路運行

R1#configure terminal 

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

R1(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown        //192.168.2.0鏈路恢復

R1(config-if)#end

R1#

%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

R1#shou ip route

        ^

% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.

R1#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 192.168.2.2 to network 0.0.0.0

     192.168.2.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C       192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

L       192.168.2.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

     192.168.22.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C       192.168.22.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1

L       192.168.22.21/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1

S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2        //192.168.2.0鏈路恢復，192.168.22.0鏈路成備份鏈路

R1#write