Mybatis對緩存提供支持,可是在沒有配置的默認狀況下,它只開啓一級緩存,一級緩存只是相對於同一個SqlSession而言。因此在參數和SQL徹底同樣的狀況下,咱們使用同一個SqlSession對象調用一個Mapper方法,每每只執行一次SQL,由於使用SelSession第一次查詢後,MyBatis會將其放在緩存中,之後再查詢的時候,若是沒有聲明須要刷新,而且緩存沒有超時的狀況下,SqlSession都會取出當前緩存的數據,而不會再次發送SQL到數據庫。html
爲何要使用一級緩存,不用多說也知道個大概。可是還有幾個問題咱們要注意一下。java
一、一級緩存的生命週期有多長?mysql
a、MyBatis在開啓一個數據庫會話時,會 建立一個新的SqlSession對象,SqlSession對象中會有一個新的Executor對象。Executor對象中持有一個新的PerpetualCache對象;當會話結束時,SqlSession對象及其內部的Executor對象還有PerpetualCache對象也一併釋放掉。git
b、若是SqlSession調用了close()方法,會釋放掉一級緩存PerpetualCache對象,一級緩存將不可用。算法
c、若是SqlSession調用了clearCache(),會清空PerpetualCache對象中的數據,可是該對象仍可以使用。spring
d、SqlSession中執行了任何一個update操做(update()、delete()、insert()) ,都會清空PerpetualCache對象的數據,可是該對象能夠繼續使用sql
二、怎麼判斷某兩次查詢是徹底相同的查詢?數據庫
mybatis認爲,對於兩次查詢,若是如下條件都徹底同樣,那麼就認爲它們是徹底相同的兩次查詢。apache
2.1 傳入的statementId緩存
2.2 查詢時要求的結果集中的結果範圍
2.3. 此次查詢所產生的最終要傳遞給JDBC java.sql.Preparedstatement的Sql語句字符串(boundSql.getSql() )
2.4 傳遞給java.sql.Statement要設置的參數值
MyBatis的二級緩存是Application級別的緩存,它能夠提升對數據庫查詢的效率,以提升應用的性能。
SqlSessionFactory層面上的二級緩存默認是不開啓的,二級緩存的開席須要進行配置,實現二級緩存的時候,MyBatis要求返回的POJO必須是可序列化的。 也就是要求實現Serializable接口,配置方法很簡單,只須要在映射XML文件配置就能夠開啓緩存了<cache/>,若是咱們配置了二級緩存就意味着:
因爲二級緩存的數據不必定都是存儲到內存中,它的存儲介質多種多樣,因此須要給緩存的對象執行序列化。(若是存儲在內存中的話,實測不序列化也能夠的。)
package com.yihaomen.mybatis.model; import com.yihaomen.mybatis.enums.Gender; import java.io.Serializable; import java.util.List; /** * @ProjectName: springmvc-mybatis */ public class Student implements Serializable{ private static final long serialVersionUID = 735655488285535299L; private String id; private String name; private int age; private Gender gender; private List<Teacher> teachers;
setters&getters()....; toString(); }
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.yihaomen.mybatis.dao.StudentMapper"> <!--開啓本mapper的namespace下的二級緩存--> <!-- eviction:表明的是緩存回收策略,目前MyBatis提供如下策略。 (1) LRU,最近最少使用的,一處最長時間不用的對象 (2) FIFO,先進先出,按對象進入緩存的順序來移除他們 (3) SOFT,軟引用,移除基於垃圾回收器狀態和軟引用規則的對象 (4) WEAK,弱引用,更積極的移除基於垃圾收集器狀態和弱引用規則的對象。這裏採用的是LRU, 移除最長時間不用的對形象 flushInterval:刷新間隔時間,單位爲毫秒,這裏配置的是100秒刷新,若是你不配置它,那麼當 SQL被執行的時候纔會去刷新緩存。 size:引用數目,一個正整數,表明緩存最多能夠存儲多少個對象,不宜設置過大。設置過大會致使內存溢出。 這裏配置的是1024個對象 readOnly:只讀,意味着緩存數據只能讀取而不能修改,這樣設置的好處是咱們能夠快速讀取緩存,缺點是咱們沒有 辦法修改緩存,他的默認值是false,不容許咱們修改 --> <cache eviction="LRU" flushInterval="100000" readOnly="true" size="1024"/> <resultMap id="studentMap" type="Student"> <id property="id" column="id" /> <result property="name" column="name" /> <result property="age" column="age" /> <result property="gender" column="gender" typeHandler="org.apache.ibatis.type.EnumOrdinalTypeHandler" /> </resultMap> <resultMap id="collectionMap" type="Student" extends="studentMap"> <collection property="teachers" ofType="Teacher"> <id property="id" column="teach_id" /> <result property="name" column="tname"/> <result property="gender" column="tgender" typeHandler="org.apache.ibatis.type.EnumOrdinalTypeHandler"/> <result property="subject" column="tsubject" typeHandler="org.apache.ibatis.type.EnumTypeHandler"/> <result property="degree" column="tdegree" javaType="string" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/> </collection> </resultMap> <select id="selectStudents" resultMap="collectionMap"> SELECT s.id, s.name, s.gender, t.id teach_id, t.name tname, t.gender tgender, t.subject tsubject, t.degree tdegree FROM student s LEFT JOIN stu_teach_rel str ON s.id = str.stu_id LEFT JOIN teacher t ON t.id = str.teach_id </select> <!--能夠經過設置useCache來規定這個sql是否開啓緩存,ture是開啓,false是關閉--> <select id="selectAllStudents" resultMap="studentMap" useCache="true"> SELECT id, name, age FROM student </select> <!--刷新二級緩存 <select id="selectAllStudents" resultMap="studentMap" flushCache="true"> SELECT id, name, age FROM student </select> --> </mapper>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"> <configuration> <settings> <!--這個配置使全局的映射器(二級緩存)啓用或禁用緩存--> <setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true" /> ..... </settings> .... </configuration>
package com.yihaomen.service.student; import com.yihaomen.mybatis.dao.StudentMapper; import com.yihaomen.mybatis.model.Student; import com.yihaomen.mybatis.model.Teacher; import com.yihaomen.service.BaseTest; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory; import java.util.List; /** * * @ProjectName: springmvc-mybatis */ public class TestStudent extends BaseTest { public static void selectAllStudent() { SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = getSession(); SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); StudentMapper mapper = session.getMapper(StudentMapper.class); List<Student> list = mapper.selectAllStudents(); System.out.println(list); System.out.println("第二次執行"); List<Student> list2 = mapper.selectAllStudents(); System.out.println(list2); session.commit(); System.out.println("二級緩存觀測點"); SqlSession session2 = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); StudentMapper mapper2 = session2.getMapper(StudentMapper.class); List<Student> list3 = mapper2.selectAllStudents(); System.out.println(list3); System.out.println("第二次執行"); List<Student> list4 = mapper2.selectAllStudents(); System.out.println(list4); session2.commit(); } public static void main(String[] args) { selectAllStudent(); } }
結果:
[QC] DEBUG [main] org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction.setDesiredAutoCommit(98) | Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@51e0173d]
[QC] DEBUG [main] org.apache.ibatis.logging.jdbc.BaseJdbcLogger.debug(139) | ==> Preparing: SELECT id, name, age FROM student
[QC] DEBUG [main] org.apache.ibatis.logging.jdbc.BaseJdbcLogger.debug(139) | ==> Parameters:
[QC] DEBUG [main] org.apache.ibatis.logging.jdbc.BaseJdbcLogger.debug(139) | <== Total: 6
[Student{id='1', name='劉德華', age=55, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='2', name='張惠妹', age=49, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='3', name='謝霆鋒', age=35, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='4', name='王菲', age=47, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='5', name='汪峯', age=48, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='6', name='章子怡', age=36, gender=null, teachers=null}]
第二次執行
[QC] DEBUG [main] org.apache.ibatis.cache.decorators.LoggingCache.getObject(62) | Cache Hit Ratio [com.yihaomen.mybatis.dao.StudentMapper]: 0.0
[Student{id='1', name='劉德華', age=55, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='2', name='張惠妹', age=49, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='3', name='謝霆鋒', age=35, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='4', name='王菲', age=47, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='5', name='汪峯', age=48, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='6', name='章子怡', age=36, gender=null, teachers=null}]
二級緩存觀測點
[QC] DEBUG [main] org.apache.ibatis.cache.decorators.LoggingCache.getObject(62) | Cache Hit Ratio [com.yihaomen.mybatis.dao.StudentMapper]: 0.3333333333333333
[Student{id='1', name='劉德華', age=55, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='2', name='張惠妹', age=49, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='3', name='謝霆鋒', age=35, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='4', name='王菲', age=47, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='5', name='汪峯', age=48, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='6', name='章子怡', age=36, gender=null, teachers=null}]
第二次執行
[QC] DEBUG [main] org.apache.ibatis.cache.decorators.LoggingCache.getObject(62) | Cache Hit Ratio [com.yihaomen.mybatis.dao.StudentMapper]: 0.5
[Student{id='1', name='劉德華', age=55, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='2', name='張惠妹', age=49, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='3', name='謝霆鋒', age=35, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='4', name='王菲', age=47, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='5', name='汪峯', age=48, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='6', name='章子怡', age=36, gender=null, teachers=null}]
Process finished with exit code 0
咱們能夠從結果看到,sql只執行了一次,證實咱們的二級緩存生效了。
https://gitee.com/huayicompany/springmvc-mybatis
[1]楊開振 著,《深刻淺出MyBatis技術原理與實戰》, 電子工業出版社,2016.09
[2]博客,http://blog.csdn.net/luanlouis/article/details/41280959
[3]博客,http://www.cnblogs.com/QQParadise/articles/5109633.html