public
class
RemoteService
extends
Service {
...
@Override
public
IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
//
Select the interface to return. If your service only implements
//
a single interface, you can just return it here without checking
//
the Intent.
if
(IRemoteService.
class
.getName().equals(intent.getAction())) {
return
mBinder;
}
if
(ISecondary.
class
.getName().equals(intent.getAction())) {
return
mSecondaryBinder;
}
return
null
;
}
/**
* The IRemoteInterface is defined through IDL
*/
private
final
IRemoteService.Stub mBinder
=
new
IRemoteService.Stub() {
public
void
registerCallback(IRemoteServiceCallback cb) {
if
(cb
!=
null
) mCallbacks.register(cb);
}
public
void
unregisterCallback(IRemoteServiceCallback cb) {
if
(cb
!=
null
) mCallbacks.unregister(cb);
}
};
/**
* A secondary interface to the service.
*/
private
final
ISecondary.Stub mSecondaryBinder
=
new
ISecondary.Stub() {
public
int
getPid() {
return
Process.myPid();
}
public
void
basicTypes(
int
anInt,
long
aLong,
boolean
aBoolean,
float
aFloat,
double
aDouble, String aString) {
}
};
}
使用可打包接口傳遞參數Pass by value Parameters using Parcelables
若是有類想要能過AIDL在進程之間傳遞,這一想法是能夠實現的,必須確保這個類在IPC的兩端的有效性,一般的情形是與一個啓動的服務通訊。
這裏列出了使類可以支持Parcelable的4個步驟:【譯者注:原文爲5,但列表爲4項,疑爲做者筆誤】
1. 使該類實現Parcelabel接口。
2. 實現public void writeToParcel(Parcel out) 方法,以即可以將對象的當前狀態寫入包裝對象中。
3. 增長名爲CREATOR的構造器到類中,並實現Parcelable.Creator接口。
4. 最後,但一樣重要的是,建立AIDL文件聲明這個可打包的類(見下文),若是使用的是自定義的編譯過程,那麼不要編譯此AIDL文件,它像C語言的頭文件同樣不須要編譯。
AIDL會使用這些方法的成員序列化和反序列化對象。
這個例子演示瞭如何讓Rect類實現Parcelable接口。
import
android.os.Parcel;
import
android.os.Parcelable;
public
final
class
Rect
implements
Parcelable {
public
int
left;
public
int
top;
public
int
right;
public
int
bottom;
public
static
final
Parcelable.Creator
<
Rect
>
CREATOR
=
new
Parcelable.Creator
<
Rect
>
() {
public
Rect createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
return
new
Rect(in);
}
public
Rect[] newArray(
int
size) {
return
new
Rect[size];
}
};
public
Rect() {
}
private
Rect(Parcel in) {
readFromParcel(in);
}
public
void
writeToParcel(Parcel out) {
out.writeInt(left);
out.writeInt(top);
out.writeInt(right);
out.writeInt(bottom);
}
public
void
readFromParcel(Parcel in) {
left
=
in.readInt();
top
=
in.readInt();
right
=
in.readInt();
bottom
=
in.readInt();
}
}
調用IPC方法(Calling an IPC Method)
這裏給出了調用遠端接口的步驟:
1. 聲明.aidl文件中定義的接口類型的變量。
2. 實現ServiceConnection
3. 調用Context.bindService(),傳遞ServiceConnection的實現
4. 在ServiceConnection.onServiceConnected()方法中會接收到IBinder對象,調用YourInterfaceName.Stub.asInterface((IBinder)service)將返回值轉換爲YourInterface類型
5. 調用接口中定義的方法。應該老是捕獲鏈接被打斷時拋出的DeadObjectException異常,這是遠端方法惟一的異常。
6. 調用Context.unbindService()斷開鏈接
這裏是幾個調用IPC服務的提示:
* 對象是在進程間進行引用計數
* 能夠發送匿名對象做爲方法參數
如下是演示調用
AIDL
建立的服務,能夠在
ApiDemos
項目中獲取遠程服務的示例。
public
static
class
Binding
extends
Activity {
/**
The primary interface we will be calling on the service.
*/
IRemoteService mService
=
null
;
/**
Another interface we use on the service.
*/
ISecondary mSecondaryService
=
null
;
Button mKillButton;
TextView mCallbackText;
private
boolean
mIsBound;
/**
* Standard initialization of this activity. Set up the UI, then wait
* for the user to poke it before doing anything.
*/
@Override
protected
void
onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super
.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.remote_service_binding);
//
Watch for button clicks.
Button button
=
(Button)findViewById(R.id.bind);
button.setOnClickListener(mBindListener);
button
=
(Button)findViewById(R.id.unbind);
button.setOnClickListener(mUnbindListener);
mKillButton
=
(Button)findViewById(R.id.kill);
mKillButton.setOnClickListener(mKillListener);
mKillButton.setEnabled(
false
);
mCallbackText
=
(TextView)findViewById(R.id.callback);
mCallbackText.setText(
"
Not attached.
"
);
}
/**
* Class for interacting with the main interface of the service.
*/
private
ServiceConnection mConnection
=
new
ServiceConnection() {
public
void
onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) {
//
This is called when the connection with the service has been
//
established, giving us the service object we can use to
//
interact with the service. We are communicating with our
//
service through an IDL interface, so get a client-side
//
representation of that from the raw service object.
mService
=
IRemoteService.Stub.asInterface(service);
mKillButton.setEnabled(
true
);
mCallbackText.setText(
"
Attached.
"
);
//
We want to monitor the service for as long as we are
//
connected to it.
try
{
mService.registerCallback(mCallback);
}
catch
(RemoteException e) {
//
In this case the service has crashed before we could even
//
do anything with it; we can count on soon being
//
disconnected (and then reconnected if it can be restarted)
//
so there is no need to do anything here.
}
//
As part of the sample, tell the user what happened.
Toast.makeText(Binding.
this
, R.string.remote_service_connected,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
public
void
onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
//
This is called when the connection with the service has been
//
unexpectedly disconnected -- that is, its process crashed.
mService
=
null
;
mKillButton.setEnabled(
false
);
mCallbackText.setText(
"
Disconnected.
"
);
//
As part of the sample, tell the user what happened.
Toast.makeText(Binding.
this
, R.string.remote_service_disconnected,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
};
/**
* Class for interacting with the secondary interface of the service.
*/
private
ServiceConnection mSecondaryConnection
=
new
ServiceConnection() {
public
void
onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) {
//
Connecting to a secondary interface is the same as any
//
other interface.
mSecondaryService
=
ISecondary.Stub.asInterface(service);
mKillButton.setEnabled(
true
);
}
public
void
onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
mSecondaryService
=
null
;
mKillButton.setEnabled(
false
);
}
};
private
OnClickListener mBindListener
=
new
OnClickListener() {
public
void
onClick(View v) {
//
Establish a couple connections with the service, binding
//
by interface names. This allows other applications to be
//
installed that replace the remote service by implementing
//
the same interface.
bindService(
new
Intent(IRemoteService.
class
.getName()),
mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
bindService(
new
Intent(ISecondary.
class
.getName()),
mSecondaryConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
mIsBound
=
true
;
mCallbackText.setText(
"
Binding.
"
);
}
};
private
OnClickListener mUnbindListener
=
new
OnClickListener() {
public
void
onClick(View v) {
if
(mIsBound) {
//
If we have received the service, and hence registered with
//
it, then now is the time to unregister.
if
(mService
!=
null
) {
try
{
mService.unregisterCallback(mCallback);
}
catch
(RemoteException e) {
//
There is nothing special we need to do if the service
//
has crashed.
}
}
//
Detach our existing connection.
unbindService(mConnection);
unbindService(mSecondaryConnection);
mKillButton.setEnabled(
false
);
mIsBound
=
false
;
mCallbackText.setText(
"
Unbinding.
"
);
}
}
};
private
OnClickListener mKillListener
=
new
OnClickListener() {
public
void
onClick(View v) {
//
To kill the process hosting our service, we need to know its
//
PID. Conveniently our service has a call that will return
//
to us that information.
if
(mSecondaryService
!=
null
) {
try
{
int
pid
=
mSecondaryService.getPid();
//
Note that, though this API allows us to request to
//
kill any process based on its PID, the kernel will
//
still impose standard restrictions on which PIDs you
//
are actually able to kill. Typically this means only
//
the process running your application and any additional
//
processes created by that app as shown here; packages
//
sharing a common UID will also be able to kill each
//
other's processes.
Process.killProcess(pid);
mCallbackText.setText(
"
Killed service process.
"
);
}
catch
(RemoteException ex) {
//
Recover gracefully from the process hosting the
//
server dying.
//
Just for purposes of the sample, put up a notification.
Toast.makeText(Binding.
this
,
R.string.remote_call_failed,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
};
//
----------------------------------------------------------------------
//
Code showing how to deal with callbacks.
//
----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* This implementation is used to receive callbacks from the remote
* service.
*/
private
IRemoteServiceCallback mCallback
=
new
IRemoteServiceCallback.Stub() {
/**
* This is called by the remote service regularly to tell us about
* new values. Note that IPC calls are dispatched through a thread
* pool running in each process, so the code executing here will
* NOT be running in our main thread like most other things -- so,
* to update the UI, we need to use a Handler to hop over there.
*/
public
void
valueChanged(
int
value) {
mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(BUMP_MSG, value,
0
));
}
};
private
static
final
int
BUMP_MSG
=
1
;
private
Handler mHandler
=
new
Handler() {
@Override
public
void
handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch
(msg.what) {
case
BUMP_MSG:
mCallbackText.setText(
"
Received from service:
"
+
msg.arg1);
break
;
default
:
super
.handleMessage(msg); } } }; }