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--有輸入參數的存儲過程--
create proc GetComment
(@commentid int)
as
select * from Comment where CommentID=@commentid
--有輸入與輸出參數的存儲過程--
create proc GetCommentCount
@newsid int,
@count int output
as
select @count=count(*) from Comment where NewsID=@newsid
--返回單個值的函數--
create function MyFunction
(@newsid int)
returns int
as
begin
declare @count int
select @count=count(*) from Comment where NewsID=@newsid
return @count
end
--調用方法--
declare @count int
exec @count=MyFunction 2
print @count
--返回值爲表的函數--
Create function GetFunctionTable
(@newsid int)
returns table
as
return
(select * from Comment where NewsID=@newsid)
--返回值爲表的函數的調用--
select * from GetFunctionTable(2)
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SQLServer 存儲過程當中不拼接SQL字符串實現多條件查詢
之前拼接的寫法
set @sql=' select * from table where 1=1 '
if (@addDate is not null)
set @sql = @sql+' and addDate = '+ @addDate + ' '
if (@name <>'' and is not null)
set @sql = @sql+ ' and name = ' + @name + ' '
exec(@sql)
下面是 不採用拼接SQL字符串實現多條件查詢的解決方案
第一種寫法是 感受代碼有些冗餘
if (@addDate is not null) and (@name <> '')
select * from table where addDate = @addDate and name = @name
else if (@addDate is not null) and (@name ='')
select * from table where addDate = @addDate
else if(@addDate is null) and (@name <> '')
select * from table where and name = @name
else if(@addDate is null) and (@name = '')
select * from table
第二種寫法是
select * from table where (addDate = @addDate or @addDate is null) and (name = @name or @name = '')
第三種寫法是
SELECT * FROM table where
addDate = CASE @addDate IS NULL THEN addDate ELSE @addDate END,
name = CASE @name WHEN '' THEN name ELSE @name END
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SQLSERVER存儲過程基本語法
1、定義變量
declare@user1 nvarchar(50) |
declare@user2 nvarchar(50) |
select@user2 =NamefromST_UserwhereID=1 |
declare@user3 nvarchar(50) |
updateST_Userset@user3 =NamewhereID=1 |
2、表、臨時表、表變量
[Login] [nvarchar](50)NOTNULL, |
[Rtx] [nvarchar](4)NOTNULL, |
[Name] [nvarchar](5)NOTNULL, |
[Password] [nvarchar](max)NULL, |
[State] [nvarchar](8)NOTNULL |
insertinto#DU_User1 (ID,Oid,[Login],Rtx,Name,[Password],State)values(100,2,'LS','0000','臨時','321','特殊'); |
--從ST_User查詢數據,填充至新生成的臨時表 |
select*into#DU_User2fromST_UserwhereID<8 |
select*from#DU_User2whereID<3unionselect*from#DU_User1 |
[Login] [nvarchar](50)NOTNULL, |
[Rtx] [nvarchar](4)NOTNULL, |
[Name] [nvarchar](5)NOTNULL, |
[Password] [nvarchar](max)NULL, |
[State] [nvarchar](8)NOTNULL, |
insertinto#tselect*fromST_User |
--select * into #t from dbo.ST_User |
altertable#tadd[myid]intNOTNULLIDENTITY(1,1) |
altertable#tadd[myid1] uniqueidentifierNOTNULLdefault(newid()) |
selectIDENTITY(int,1,1)asID,Name,[Login],[Password]into#tfromST_User |
select(selectSUM(1)fromST_UserwhereID<= a.ID)asmyID,*fromST_User aorderbymyID |
insertinto@tvalues(1,'1') |
insertinto@tvalues(2,'2') |
3、循環
4、條件語句
5、遊標
declareuser_curcursorforselectID,Oid,[Login]fromST_User |
fetchnextfromuser_curinto@ID,@Oid,@Login |
6、觸發器
觸發器中的臨時表:
Inserted
存放進行insert和update 操做後的數據
Deleted
存放進行delete 和update操做前的數據
CreatetriggerUser_OnUpdate |
select@msg = N'姓名從「'+ Deleted.Name+ N'」修改成「'+ Inserted.Name+'」'fromInserted,Deleted |
insertinto[LOG](MSG)values(@msg) |
7、存儲過程
executePR_Sum 1,2,@mysumoutput |
execute@mysum2= PR_Sum2 1,2 |
8、自定義函數
函數的分類:
1)標量值函數
2)表值函數
a:內聯表值函數
b:多語句表值函數
3)系統函數
createfunctionFUNC_UserTab_1 |
return(select*fromST_UserwhereID<@myId) |
createfunctionFUNC_UserTab_2 |
[Login] [nvarchar](50)NOTNULL, |
[Rtx] [nvarchar](4)NOTNULL, |
[Name] [nvarchar](5)NOTNULL, |
[Password] [nvarchar](max)NULL, |
[State] [nvarchar](8)NOTNULL |
insertinto@tselect*fromST_UserwhereID<@myId |
select*fromdbo.FUNC_UserTab_1(15) |
set@s=dbo.FUNC_Sum1(100,50) |
談談自定義函數與存儲過程的區別:
1、自定義函數:
1. 能夠返回表變量
2. 限制頗多,包括
不能使用output參數;
不能用臨時表;
函數內部的操做不能影響到外部環境;
不能經過select返回結果集;
不能update,delete,數據庫表;
3. 必須return 一個標量值或表變量
自定義函數通常用在複用度高,功能簡單單一,爭對性強的地方。
2、存儲過程
1. 不能返回表變量
2. 限制少,能夠執行對數據庫表的操做,能夠返回數據集
3. 能夠return一個標量值,也能夠省略return
存儲過程通常用在實現複雜的功能,數據操縱方面。
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SqlServer存儲過程--實例
實例1:只返回單一記錄集的存儲過程。
表銀行存款表(bankMoney)的內容以下
Id |
userID |
Sex |
Money |
001 |
Zhangsan |
男 |
30 |
002 |
Wangwu |
男 |
50 |
003 |
Zhangsan |
男 |
40 |
要求1:查詢表bankMoney的內容的存儲過程
create procedure sp_query_bankMoney
as
select * from bankMoney
go
exec sp_query_bankMoney
注* 在使用過程當中只須要把T-Sql中的SQL語句替換爲存儲過程名,就能夠了很方便吧!
實例2(向存儲過程當中傳遞參數):
加入一筆記錄到表bankMoney,並查詢此表中userID= Zhangsan的全部存款的總金額。
Create proc insert_bank @param1 char(10),@param2 varchar(20),@param3 varchar(20),@param4 int,@param5 int output
with encryption ---------加密
as
insert into bankMoney (id,userID,sex,Money)
Values(@param1,@param2,@param3, @param4)
select @param5=sum(Money) from bankMoney where userID='Zhangsan'
go
在SQL Server查詢分析器中執行該存儲過程的方法是:
declare @total_price int
exec insert_bank '004','Zhangsan','男',100,@total_price output
print '總餘額爲'+convert(varchar,@total_price)
go
在這裏再囉嗦一下存儲過程的3種傳回值(方便正在看這個例子的朋友不用再去查看語法內容):
1.以Return傳回整數
2.以output格式傳回參數
3.Recordset
傳回值的區別:
output和return均可在批次程式中用變量接收,而recordset則傳回到執行批次的客戶端中。
實例3:使用帶有複雜 SELECT 語句的簡單過程
下面的存儲過程從四個表的聯接中返回全部做者(提供了姓名)、出版的書籍以及出版社。該存儲過程不使用任何參數。
USE pubs
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysobjects
WHERE name = 'au_info_all' AND type = 'P')
DROP PROCEDURE au_info_all
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE au_info_all
AS
SELECT au_lname, au_fname, title, pub_name
FROM authors a INNER JOIN titleauthor ta
ON a.au_id = ta.au_id INNER JOIN titles t
ON t.title_id = ta.title_id INNER JOIN publishers p
ON t.pub_id = p.pub_id
GO
au_info_all 存儲過程能夠經過如下方法執行:
EXECUTE au_info_all
-- Or
EXEC au_info_all
若是該過程是批處理中的第一條語句,則可以使用:
au_info_all
實例4:使用帶有參數的簡單過程
CREATE PROCEDURE au_info
@lastname varchar(40),
@firstname varchar(20)
AS
SELECT au_lname, au_fname, title, pub_name
FROM authors a INNER JOIN titleauthor ta
ON a.au_id = ta.au_id INNER JOIN titles t
ON t.title_id = ta.title_id INNER JOIN publishers p
ON t.pub_id = p.pub_id
WHERE au_fname = @firstname
AND au_lname = @lastname
GO
au_info 存儲過程能夠經過如下方法執行:
EXECUTE au_info 'Dull', 'Ann'
-- Or
EXECUTE au_info @lastname = 'Dull', @firstname = 'Ann'
-- Or
EXECUTE au_info @firstname = 'Ann', @lastname = 'Dull'
-- Or
EXEC au_info 'Dull', 'Ann'
-- Or
EXEC au_info @lastname = 'Dull', @firstname = 'Ann'
-- Or
EXEC au_info @firstname = 'Ann', @lastname = 'Dull'
若是該過程是批處理中的第一條語句,則可以使用:
au_info 'Dull', 'Ann'
-- Or
au_info @lastname = 'Dull', @firstname = 'Ann'
-- Or
au_info @firstname = 'Ann', @lastname = 'Dull'
實例5:使用帶有通配符參數的簡單過程 CREATE PROCEDURE au_info2 @lastname varchar(30) = 'D%', @firstname varchar(18) = '%' AS SELECT au_lname, au_fname, title, pub_name FROM authors a INNER JOIN titleauthor ta ON a.au_id = ta.au_id INNER JOIN titles t ON t.title_id = ta.title_id INNER JOIN publishers p ON t.pub_id = p.pub_id WHERE au_fname LIKE @firstname AND au_lname LIKE @lastname GO au_info2 存儲過程能夠用多種組合執行。下面只列出了部分組合: EXECUTE au_info2 -- Or EXECUTE au_info2 'Wh%' -- Or EXECUTE au_info2 @firstname = 'A%' -- Or EXECUTE au_info2 '[CK]ars[OE]n' -- Or EXECUTE au_info2 'Hunter', 'Sheryl' -- Or EXECUTE au_info2 'H%', 'S%' = 'proc2' 實例6:if...else |
存儲過程,其中@case做爲執行update的選擇依據,用if...else實現執行時根據傳入的參數執行不一樣的修改.
--下面是if……else的存儲過程:
if exists (select 1 from sysobjects where name = 'Student' and type ='u' )
drop table Student
go
if exists (select 1 from sysobjects where name = 'spUpdateStudent' and type ='p' )
drop proc spUpdateStudent
go
create table Student
(
fName nvarchar (10),
fAge
smallint ,
fDiqu varchar (50),
fTel int
)
go
insert into Student values ('X.X.Y' , 28, 'Tesing' , 888888)
go
create proc spUpdateStudent
(
@fCase int ,
@fName nvarchar (10),
@fAge smallint ,
@fDiqu varchar (50),
@fTel int
)
as
update Student
set fAge = @fAge, -- 傳 1,2,3 都要更新 fAge 不須要用 case
fDiqu = (case when @fCase = 2 or @fCase = 3 then @fDiqu else fDiqu end ),
fTel = (case when @fCase = 3 then @fTel else fTel end )
where fName = @fName
select * from Student
go
-- 只改 Age
exec spUpdateStudent
@fCase = 1,
@fName = N'X.X.Y' ,
@fAge = 80,
@fDiqu = N'Update' ,
@fTel = 1010101
-- 改 Age 和 Diqu
exec spUpdateStudent
@fCase = 2,
@fName = N'X.X.Y' ,
@fAge = 80,
@fDiqu = N'Update' ,
@fTel = 1010101
-- 全改
exec spUpdateStudent
@fCase = 3,
@fName = N'X.X.Y' ,
@fAge = 80,
@fDiqu = N'Update' , @fTel = 1010101