HashMap的源碼分析

hashMap的底層實現是 數組+鏈表 的數據結構,數組是一個Entry<K,V>[] 的鍵值對對象數組,在數組的每一個索引上存儲的是包含Entry的節點對象,每一個Entry對象是一個單鏈表結構,維護這下一個Entry節點的引用;有點繞,用個圖來展現吧:java

Entry<K,V>[] 數組部分保存的是首個Entry節點;Entry節點包含一個 K值引用  V值引用 以及 引用下一個Entry 節點的next引用;數組

Entry節點的java代碼實現以下:數據結構

static class Entry<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
        final K key;    //key 引用
        V value;         //value  引用
        Entry<K,V> next;   //下一個Entry 節點的引用
}

下面再看下HashMap 對象的java實現代碼:app

包含的屬性有:源碼分析

public class HashMap<K,V>
    extends AbstractMap<K,V>
    implements Map<K,V>, Cloneable, Serializable
{

    /**
     * The default initial capacity - MUST be a power of two.
     */
    static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 1 << 4; // aka 16

    /**
     * The maximum capacity, used if a higher value is implicitly specified
     * by either of the constructors with arguments.
     * MUST be a power of two <= 1<<30.
     */
    static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;

    /**
     * The load factor used when none specified in constructor.
     */
    static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;

    /**
     * An empty table instance to share when the table is not inflated.
     */
    static final Entry<?,?>[] EMPTY_TABLE = {};

    /**
     * The table, resized as necessary. Length MUST Always be a power of two.
     */
    transient Entry<K,V>[] table = (Entry<K,V>[]) EMPTY_TABLE;

    /**
     * The number of key-value mappings contained in this map.
     */
    transient int size;

    /**
     * The next size value at which to resize (capacity * load factor).
     * @serial
     */
    // If table == EMPTY_TABLE then this is the initial capacity at which the
    // table will be created when inflated.
    int threshold;

    /**
     * The load factor for the hash table.
     *
     * @serial
     */
    final float loadFactor;
}

 

 比較重要的屬性是:this

transient Entry<K,V>[] table = (Entry<K,V>[]) EMPTY_TABLE;  代表這是一個 Entry<K,V>[] 的數組類型;
下面看其無參的構造器:
public HashMap() {
        this(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
    }

進入如下的構造方法:spa

 public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {        //initialCapacity:16   loadFactor 0.75f
        if (initialCapacity < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " +
                                               initialCapacity);
        if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)     //MAXIMUM_CAPACITY   1073741824  false
             initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
        if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))   false
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " +
                                               loadFactor);

        this.loadFactor = loadFactor;      //賦值給loadFactor=0.75
        threshold = initialCapacity;       //賦值給threshold=16  當爲16是自動擴容
        init();
    }

下面再看看put(E e)的方法:code

public V put(K key, V value) {    //如插入  key="city"   value="shanghai"
        if (table == EMPTY_TABLE) {     //true
            inflateTable(threshold);   //參數爲16
        }
        if (key == null)        // false
            return putForNullKey(value);
        int hash = hash(key);    //返回key值的hash碼; 好比返回爲 337
        int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);  //將hash 取模與16 得到的結果爲 1
        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {  //遍歷 Entry[1] 中的鏈表節點對象 包含 原先有的節點和新增進去的節點
            Object k;
            if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {  //當Entry中包含 相同的hash碼的key 而且key和要添加的key相等便可以是否重複  則進入如下邏輯:新節點替換重複的節點
                V oldValue = e.value;
                e.value = value;
                e.recordAccess(this);
                return oldValue;
            }
        }

 下面是 inflateTable(threshold) 方法的源碼;對象

/**
     * Inflates the table.
     */
    private void inflateTable(int toSize) {   //toSize 16
        // Find a power of 2 >= toSize
        int capacity = roundUpToPowerOf2(toSize);  //capacity=16

        threshold = (int) Math.min(capacity * loadFactor, MAXIMUM_CAPACITY + 1); // threshold=16*0.75
        table = new Entry[capacity];     //建立 Entry[] 數組長度爲16   
        initHashSeedAsNeeded(capacity);   //這個方法能夠暫時不用深究
    }  

下面是  roundUpToPowerOf2(int i) 源碼blog

private static int roundUpToPowerOf2(int number) {    //  number=16
        // assert number >= 0 : "number must be non-negative";
        return number >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY   //fase  返回 16
                ? MAXIMUM_CAPACITY
                : (number > 1) ? Integer.highestOneBit((number - 1) << 1) : 1;   //number=16>1  返回 16
    } 

put 方法的源碼分析完了以後,接下來再看一下get(Object key) 的方法; 源碼:

public V get(Object key) {    //如 key="name"
        if (key == null)      //false
            return getForNullKey();
        Entry<K,V> entry = getEntry(key);

        return null == entry ? null : entry.getValue();
    }
 final Entry<K,V> getEntry(Object key) {   //key=name
        if (size == 0) {    //false
            return null;
        }

        int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key);   //例如 返回hash=337
        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)];  //indexFor(hash, table.length)上面分析過 返回值爲 1;遍歷 table[1] 中的節點
             e != null;
             e = e.next) {
            Object k;
            if (e.hash == hash &&
                ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))   //若是存在key的hash碼相等,而且對象也相等則返回 對應的Entry 節點
                return e;
        }
        return null;   //不然返回null
    } 

到此,hashMap 的源碼基本分析完畢了,經過源碼分析咱們知道HashMap的底層是 數組+鏈表結構來存數數據的,添加節點存儲的位置是根據 key 取hash值 再取模於數組長度:返回的數值就是Entry接在在數組的哪一個位置;這種方式的存儲方式減小了存儲的時間和空間的複雜度;

知道了hashMap是由 數組+鏈表 的數據結構存儲數據後,咱們也很容易明白hashMap 的遍歷方式:

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