一、下載,官網下載。html
二、解壓,存放路徑中不可包含空格和中文。如:"E:\dev\workspace\maven\apache-maven-3.6.0"java
三、配置本地倉庫,進入 "conf/settings.xml" 中,在 settings 節下開啓以下配置,該路徑就是指向本地倉庫的路徑:web
<localRepository>E:\dev\workspace\maven\repository</localRepository>
Maven 在查找 jar 時遵循什麼樣的順序呢?spring
爲方便使用,這裏提供了已包含經常使用 jar 包的本地倉庫,點擊下載。apache
Maven 對項目構建過程分爲三套相互獨立的生命週期,請注意這裏說的是「三套」,並且「相互獨立」,這三套生命週期分別是:api
每個階段都有一個對應的命令,且有相應的插件來支持命令的執行。tomcat
注:屬於同一個命令週期內的命令,當執行後面的命令時,前面的命令會自動執行。服務器
ZHANGZHONGEN+zze@ZHANGZHONGEN MINGW64 /f/idea/0219/helloworld $ mvn compile [INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] [INFO] -------------------------< com.zze:helloworld >------------------------- [INFO] Building helloworld Maven Webapp 1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] --------------------------------[ war ]--------------------------------- [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.0.2:resources (default-resources) @ helloworld --- [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources. [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory F:\idea\0219\helloworld\src\main\resources [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.0:compile (default-compile) @ helloworld --- [INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 0.763 s [INFO] Finished at: 2019-02-21T15:22:51+08:00 [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
ZHANGZHONGEN+zze@ZHANGZHONGEN MINGW64 /f/idea/0219/helloworld $ mvn clean [INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] [INFO] -------------------------< com.zze:helloworld >------------------------- [INFO] Building helloworld Maven Webapp 1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] --------------------------------[ war ]--------------------------------- [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:3.1.0:clean (default-clean) @ helloworld --- [INFO] Deleting F:\idea\0219\helloworld\target [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 0.359 s [INFO] Finished at: 2019-02-21T15:27:50+08:00 [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
ZHANGZHONGEN+zze@ZHANGZHONGEN MINGW64 /f/idea/0219/helloworld $ mvn test [INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] [INFO] -------------------------< com.zze:helloworld >------------------------- [INFO] Building helloworld Maven Webapp 1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] --------------------------------[ war ]--------------------------------- [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.0.2:resources (default-resources) @ helloworld --- [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources. [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory F:\idea\0219\helloworld\src\main\resources [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.0:compile (default-compile) @ helloworld --- [INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.0.2:testResources (default-testResources) @ helloworld --- [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources. [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory F:\idea\0219\helloworld\src\test\resources [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.0:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ helloworld --- [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module! [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to F:\idea\0219\helloworld\target\test-classes [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.22.1:test (default-test) @ helloworld --- [INFO] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] T E S T S [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Running com.zze.test1.DemoTest 2 [INFO] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.019 s - in com.zze.test1.DemoTest [INFO] [INFO] Results: [INFO] [INFO] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0 [INFO] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 2.414 s [INFO] Finished at: 2019-02-21T15:36:20+08:00 [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
ZHANGZHONGEN+zze@ZHANGZHONGEN MINGW64 /f/idea/0219/helloworld $ mvn package [INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] [INFO] -------------------------< com.zze:helloworld >------------------------- [INFO] Building helloworld Maven Webapp 1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] --------------------------------[ war ]--------------------------------- [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.0.2:resources (default-resources) @ helloworld --- [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources. [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory F:\idea\0219\helloworld\src\main\resources [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.0:compile (default-compile) @ helloworld --- [INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.0.2:testResources (default-testResources) @ helloworld --- [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources. [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory F:\idea\0219\helloworld\src\test\resources [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.0:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ helloworld --- [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module! [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to F:\idea\0219\helloworld\target\test-classes [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.22.1:test (default-test) @ helloworld --- [INFO] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] T E S T S [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Running com.zze.test1.DemoTest 2 [INFO] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.018 s - in com.zze.test1.DemoTest [INFO] [INFO] Results: [INFO] [INFO] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0 [INFO] [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-war-plugin:3.2.2:war (default-war) @ helloworld --- [INFO] Packaging webapp [INFO] Assembling webapp [helloworld] in [F:\idea\0219\helloworld\target\helloworld] [INFO] Processing war project [INFO] Copying webapp resources [F:\idea\0219\helloworld\src\main\webapp] [INFO] Webapp assembled in [44 msecs] [INFO] Building war: F:\idea\0219\helloworld\target\helloworld.war [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 2.752 s [INFO] Finished at: 2019-02-21T15:40:07+08:00 [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
ZHANGZHONGEN+zze@ZHANGZHONGEN MINGW64 /f/idea/0219/helloworld $ mvn install [INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] [INFO] -------------------------< com.zze:helloworld >------------------------- [INFO] Building helloworld Maven Webapp 1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] --------------------------------[ war ]--------------------------------- [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.0.2:resources (default-resources) @ helloworld --- [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources. [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory F:\idea\0219\helloworld\src\main\resources [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.0:compile (default-compile) @ helloworld --- [INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.0.2:testResources (default-testResources) @ helloworld --- [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources. [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory F:\idea\0219\helloworld\src\test\resources [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.0:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ helloworld --- [INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.22.1:test (default-test) @ helloworld --- [INFO] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] T E S T S [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Running com.zze.test1.DemoTest 2 [INFO] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.021 s - in com.zze.test1.DemoTest [INFO] [INFO] Results: [INFO] [INFO] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0 [INFO] [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-war-plugin:3.2.2:war (default-war) @ helloworld --- [INFO] Packaging webapp [INFO] Assembling webapp [helloworld] in [F:\idea\0219\helloworld\target\helloworld] [INFO] Processing war project [INFO] Copying webapp resources [F:\idea\0219\helloworld\src\main\webapp] [INFO] Webapp assembled in [43 msecs] [INFO] Building war: F:\idea\0219\helloworld\target\helloworld.war [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.5.2:install (default-install) @ helloworld --- [INFO] Installing F:\idea\0219\helloworld\target\helloworld.war to E:\dev\workspace\maven\repository\com\zze\helloworld\1.0-SNAPSHOT\helloworld-1.0-SNAPSHOT.war [INFO] Installing F:\idea\0219\helloworld\pom.xml to E:\dev\workspace\maven\repository\com\zze\helloworld\1.0-SNAPSHOT\helloworld-1.0-SNAPSHOT.pom [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 2.544 s [INFO] Finished at: 2019-02-21T15:44:21+08:00 [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
compile 是默認的範圍;若是沒有提供一個範圍,那該依賴的範圍就是編譯範圍。編譯範圍依賴在全部的 classpath 中可用,同時它們也會被打包。app
provided 依賴只有在當 JDK 或者一個容器已提供該依賴以後才使用。例如, 若是你開發了一個 web 應用,你可能在編譯 classpath 中須要可用的 Servlet API 來編譯一個 Servlet,可是你不會想要在打包好的 war 中包含這個 Servlet API;這個 Servlet API JAR 由你的應用服務器或者 Servlet 容器提供。已提供範圍的依賴在編譯 classpath (不是運行時)可用。它們不是傳遞性的,也不會被打包。webapp
runtime 依賴在運行和測試系統的時候須要,但在編譯的時候不須要。好比,你可能在編譯的時候只須要 JDBC API JAR,而只有在運行的時候才須要 JDBC 驅動實現。
test 範圍依賴在通常的編譯和運行時都不須要,它們只有在測試編譯和測試運行階段可用。
system 範圍依賴與 provided 相似,可是你必須顯式的提供一個對於本地系統中JAR 文件的路徑。這麼作是爲了容許基於本地對象編譯,而這些對象是系統類庫的一部分。這樣的構件應該是一直可用的,Maven 也不會在倉庫中去尋找它。若是你將一個依賴範圍設置成系統範圍,你必須同時提供一個 systemPath 元素。注意該範圍是不推薦使用的(你應該一直儘可能去從公共或定製的 Maven 倉庫中引用依賴)。
參考工程的繼承與聚合,它其實就是使用依賴的傳遞來實現的。
建立工程,引入 'struts2-core' 依賴:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.zze</groupId> <artifactId>A</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> <artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId> <version>2.3.37</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
假如咱們不想使用傳遞進來的 'javassist',那麼咱們能夠經過配置將其排除:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.zze</groupId> <artifactId>A</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> <artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId> <version>2.3.37</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>javassist</groupId> <artifactId>javassist</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
建立工程,引入'struts2-spring-plugin' 依賴:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.zze</groupId> <artifactId>A</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> <artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.3.37</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
接着引入 'spring-beans' 的依賴:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.zze</groupId> <artifactId>A</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> <artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.3.37</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
此時會發現 'spring-beans' 的版本爲下面直接聲明的版本,由於它是直接引入,相對傳進進來路徑更近。
建立工程,引入 'struts2-spring-plugin' 依賴:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.zze</groupId> <artifactId>A</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> <artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.3.37</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
接着引入 'spring-context' 依賴:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.zze</groupId> <artifactId>A</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> <artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.3.37</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
此時會發現 'spring-beans' 的版本依舊是 'struts2-spring-plugin' 傳遞進來的,由於 'struts2-spring-plugin' 是先聲明的。
交換 'struts2-spring-plugin' 和 'spring-context' 依賴的聲明順序:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.zze</groupId> <artifactId>A</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> <artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.3.37</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
此時 'spring-beans' 的版本就改成 'spring-context' 傳遞進來的版本了,由於 'spring-context' 是先聲明的。
版本鎖定通常在父子工程間使用,建立父工程 A,鎖定 'spring-beans' 的版本:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.zze</groupId> <artifactId>A</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>pom</packaging> <modules> <module>../B</module> </modules> <dependencyManagement> <!--dependencyManagement 下的 dependencies 節只是用來預先鎖定指定依賴的版本,並不會真的引入依賴--> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> </project>
建立子工程 B ,繼承父工程 A,引入 'spring-beans' 依賴:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>A</artifactId> <groupId>com.zze</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <relativePath>../A/pom.xml</relativePath> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>B</artifactId> <dependencies> <!--由於在父工程中已經鎖定了 spring-beans 的版本,因此在子工程中不用指定版本--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
由於在父工程中已經鎖定了 'spring-beans' 的版本,因此在子工程中不指定版本會默認引用父工程鎖定的版本。
建立工程,建立版本常量,在依賴中引用版本常量:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.zze</groupId> <artifactId>A</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>pom</packaging> <properties> <!--建立版本常量--> <spring.version>4.2.4.RELEASE</spring.version> </properties> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <!--引用版本常量--> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> </project>
建立一個父工程 A,再建立一個子工程 B 繼承 A:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.zze</groupId> <artifactId>A</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>pom</packaging> <modules> <module>../B</module> </modules> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> <artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId> <version>2.3.37</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>A</artifactId> <groupId>com.zze</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <relativePath>../A/pom.xml</relativePath> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <packaging>jar</packaging> <artifactId>B</artifactId> </project>
A 的 依賴會傳遞給B,此時就能夠直接在子工程 B 中使用父工程 A 依賴了,這就是工程的繼承。
建立工程 A,再建立工程 B 依賴工程 A:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.zze</groupId> <artifactId>A</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> <artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId> <version>2.3.37</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.zze</groupId> <artifactId>B</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>com.zze</groupId> <artifactId>A</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
此時 A 的依賴會傳遞給 B ,在工程 B 就能夠直接使用工程 A 引入的依賴了,這就是工程的聚合。
一、快捷鍵 CTRL+ALT+S 打開 IDEA 設置,配置 Maven 地址:
二、在 Importing 頁中勾選如圖項:
三、配置 Runner 頁中屬性 '-DarchetypeCatalog=internal',防止未聯網狀況不能建立 Maven 工程。
一、新建項目,選中 Maven,直接 Next:
二、輸入座標,再次 Next:
三、直接 Finish:
四、建立完成,編寫代碼測試:
一、新建項目,選中 Maven,如圖選擇 web 工程骨架,Next:
二、選擇本身配置的 Maven 目錄,Next:
三、直接 Finish:
四、輸出如圖則建立成功:
下面以運行一個 HelloWorld 程序爲例:
一、新建 web 項目,在 'src/main' 下 java 建立文件夾,並標記其爲 Sources Root 文件夾,執行完這個操做後 java 文件夾就至關於普通工程的 classpath 根目錄了。
二、在 pom 文件中引入 Servlet 開發依賴 jar:
<dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency>
注意:由於 maven web 工程後續運行時使用 maven 提供的 tomcat 環境,這裏要設置引入 jar 的 scope 爲 provided,不然會由於 jar 包重複出異常。
三、在 'src\main\java' 下建立 Servlet 以下:
package com.zze.servlet; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet { protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { response.getWriter().write("Hello world!!!"); } }
<servlet> <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.zze.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
一、打開 MavenProjects 窗口:
二、點擊如圖按鈕:
三、輸入 'tomcat:run' 指令,Execute:
四、此時項目就以被部署到 tomcat 並運行:
五、訪問 'localhost:8080/helloworld/hello' 測試:
一、進入 Edit Configurations:
二、選擇 Maven:
三、輸入以下,Apply:
四、此時就可直接點擊該圖標啓動項目了:
五、還可在 Maven Projects 窗口中雙擊該配置啓動:
一、進入 Edit Configurations:
二、選擇 Tomcat 下的 Local 項:
三、選擇 Deployment 欄,點擊 + 號:
三、選擇 Artifact:
四、選擇 war exploded 結尾項:
五、OK,接下來就能夠像運行普通 web 工程同樣啓動 maven 項目:
在 "conf/settings.xml" 文件中的 mirrors 節下選下面一個節點添加便可:
<mirror> <id>alimaven</id> <name>aliyun maven</name> <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf> </mirror>
<mirror> <id>jboss-public-repository-group</id> <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf> <name>JBoss Public Repository Group</name> <url>http://repository.jboss.org/nexus/content/groups/public</url> </mirror>
<!--使用 tomcat7:run--> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> <configuration> <port>8080</port> <path>/</path> </configuration> </plugin>
下面是我習慣使用的骨架:
建立普通 java 工程:不使用骨架;
建立父工程:maven-archetype-site-simple;
建立 web 工程:maven-archetype-webapp;