使用Spring提供的Open Session In View而引發Write operations are not allowed in read-only mode (FlushMode.NEVER) 錯誤解決:web
在沒有使用Spring提供的Open Session In View狀況下,因須要在service(or Dao)層裏把session關閉,因此lazy loading 爲true的話,要在應用層內把關係集合都初始化,如 company.getEmployees(),不然Hibernate拋session already closed Exception; Open Session In View提供了一種簡便的方法,較好地解決了lazy loading問題.spring
它有兩種配置方式OpenSessionInViewInterceptor和OpenSessionInViewFilter(具體參看SpringSide),功能相同,只是一個在web.xml配置,另外一個在application.xml配置而已。服務器
Open Session In View在request把session綁定到當前thread期間一直保持hibernate session在open狀態,使session在request的整個期間均可以使用,如在View層裏PO也能夠lazy loading數據,如 ${ company.employees }。當View 層邏輯完成後,纔會經過Filter的doFilter方法或Interceptor的postHandle方法自動關閉session。session
OpenSessionInViewInterceptor配置app
<beans>ide
<bean name="openSessionInViewInterceptor" post
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewInterceptor"> 測試
<property name="sessionFactory"> 網站
<ref bean="sessionFactory"/> url
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="urlMapping"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
<property name="interceptors">
<list>
<ref bean="openSessionInViewInterceptor"/>
</list>
</property>
<property name="mappings">
...
</property>
</bean>
...
</beans>
OpenSessionInViewFilter配置
<web-app>
...
<filter>
<filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>
org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter
</filter-class>
<!-- singleSession默認爲true,若設爲false則等於沒用OpenSessionInView -->
<init-param>
<param-name>singleSession</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
...
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
...
</web-app>
不少人在使用OpenSessionInView過程當中說起一個錯誤:
org.springframework.dao.InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException: Write operations
are not allowed in read-only mode (FlushMode.NEVER) - turn your Session into
FlushMode.AUTO or remove 'readOnly' marker from transaction definition
看看OpenSessionInViewFilter裏的幾個方法
protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response,FilterChain filterChain)
throws ServletException, IOException {
SessionFactory sessionFactory = lookupSessionFactory();
logger.debug("Opening Hibernate Session in OpenSessionInViewFilter");
Session session = getSession(sessionFactory);
TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(
sessionFactory, new SessionHolder(session));
try {
filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
}
finally {
TransactionSynchronizationManager.unbindResource(sessionFactory);
logger.debug("Closing Hibernate Session in OpenSessionInViewFilter");
closeSession(session, sessionFactory);
}
}
protected Session getSession(SessionFactory sessionFactory)
throws DataAccessResourceFailureException {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(sessionFactory, true);
session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.NEVER);
return session;
}
protected void closeSession(Session session, SessionFactory sessionFactory)
throws CleanupFailureDataAccessException {
SessionFactoryUtils.closeSessionIfNecessary(session, sessionFactory);
}
能夠看到OpenSessionInViewFilter在getSession的時候,會把獲取回來的session的flush mode 設爲FlushMode.NEVER。而後把該sessionFactory綁定到 TransactionSynchronizationManager,使request的整個過程都使用同一個session,在請求事後再接除該 sessionFactory的綁定,最後closeSessionIfNecessary根據該 session是否已和transaction綁定來決定是否關閉session。在這個過程當中,若HibernateTemplate 發現自當前session有不是readOnly的transaction,就會獲取到FlushMode.AUTO Session,使方法擁有寫權限。
public static void closeSessionIfNecessary(Session session, SessionFactory sessionFactory)
throws CleanupFailureDataAccessException {
if (session == null ||
TransactionSynchronizationManager.hasResource(sessionFactory)) {
return;
}
logger.debug("Closing Hibernate session");
try {
session.close();
}
catch (JDBCException ex) {
// SQLException underneath
throw new CleanupFailureDataAccessException("Could not close Hibernate session", ex.getSQLException());
}
catch (HibernateException ex) {
throw new CleanupFailureDataAccessException("Could not close Hibernate session", ex);
}
}
也便是,若是有不是readOnly的transaction就能夠由Flush.NEVER轉爲Flush.AUTO,擁有 insert,update,delete操做權限,若是沒有transaction,而且沒有另外人爲地設flush model的話,則doFilter的整個過程都是Flush.NEVER。因此受transaction保護的方法有寫權限,沒受保護的則沒有。
採用spring的事務聲明,使方法受transaction控制
<bean id="baseTransaction"
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
abstract="true">
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"/>
<property name="proxyTargetClass" value="true"/>
<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<prop key="get*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
<prop key="find*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
<prop key="load*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
<prop key="save*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
<prop key="add*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
<prop key="update*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
<prop key="remove*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<property name="target">
<bean class="com.phopesoft.security.service.impl.UserServiceImpl"/>
</property>
</bean>
對於上例,則以save,add,update,remove開頭的方法擁有可寫的事務,若是當前有某個方法,如命名爲importExcel(),則因沒有transaction而沒有寫權限,這時若方法內有insert,update,delete操做的話,則須要手動設置flush model爲Flush.AUTO,如
session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.AUTO);
session.save(user);
session.flush();
盡 管Open Session In View看起來還不錯,其實反作用很多。看回上面OpenSessionInViewFilter的doFilterInternal方法代碼,這個方法其實是被父類的doFilter調用的,所以,咱們能夠大約瞭解的OpenSessionInViewFilter調用流程: request(請求)->open session並開始transaction->controller->View(Jsp)->結束transaction並 close session.
一切看起來很正確,尤爲是在本地開發測試的時候沒出現問題,但試想下若是流程中的某一步被阻塞的話,那在這期間connection就一直被佔用而不釋放。最有可能被阻塞的就是在寫Jsp這步,一方面多是頁面內容大,response.write的時間長,另外一方面多是網速慢,服務器與用戶間傳輸時間久。當大量這樣的狀況出現時,就有鏈接池鏈接不足,形成頁面假死現象。
Open Session In View是個雙刃劍,放在公網上內容多流量大的網站請慎用。