You are given two linked lists representing two non-negative numbers. The most significant digit comes first and each of their nodes contain a single digit. Add the two numbers and return it as a linked list.html
You may assume the two numbers do not contain any leading zero, except the number 0 itself.java
Follow up:
What if you cannot modify the input lists? In other words, reversing the lists is not allowed.node
Example:git
Input: (7 -> 2 -> 4 -> 3) + (5 -> 6 -> 4) Output: 7 -> 8 -> 0 -> 7
這道題是以前那道Add Two Numbers的拓展,咱們能夠看到這道題的最高位在鏈表首位置,若是咱們給鏈表翻轉一下的話就跟以前的題目同樣了,這裏咱們來看一些不修改鏈表順序的方法。因爲加法須要從最低位開始運算,而最低位在鏈表末尾,鏈表只能從前日後遍歷,無法取到前面的元素,那怎麼辦呢?咱們能夠利用棧來保存全部的元素,而後利用棧的後進先出的特色就能夠從後往前取數字了,咱們首先遍歷兩個鏈表,將全部數字分別壓入兩個棧s1和s2中,咱們創建一個值爲0的res節點,而後開始循環,若是棧不爲空,則將棧頂數字加入sum中,而後將res節點值賦爲sum%10,而後新建一個進位節點head,賦值爲sum/10,若是沒有進位,那麼就是0,而後咱們head後面連上res,將res指向head,這樣循環退出後,咱們只要看res的值是否爲0,爲0返回res->next,不爲0則返回res便可,參見代碼以下:函數
解法一:post
class Solution { public: ListNode* addTwoNumbers(ListNode* l1, ListNode* l2) { stack<int> s1, s2; while (l1) { s1.push(l1->val); l1 = l1->next; } while (l2) { s2.push(l2->val); l2 = l2->next; } int sum = 0; ListNode *res = new ListNode(0); while (!s1.empty() || !s2.empty()) { if (!s1.empty()) {sum += s1.top(); s1.pop();} if (!s2.empty()) {sum += s2.top(); s2.pop();} res->val = sum % 10; ListNode *head = new ListNode(sum / 10); head->next = res; res = head; sum /= 10; } return res->val == 0 ? res->next : res; } };
下面這種方法使用遞歸來實現的,咱們知道遞歸其實也是用棧來保存每個狀態,那麼也就能夠實現從後往前取數字,咱們首先統計出兩個鏈表長度,而後根據長度來調用遞歸函數,須要傳一個參數差值,遞歸函數參數中的l1鏈表長度長於l2,在遞歸函數中,咱們創建一個節點res,若是差值不爲0,節點值爲l1的值,若是爲0,那麼就是l1和l2的和,而後在根據差值分別調用遞歸函數求出節點post,而後要處理進位,若是post的值大於9,那麼對10取餘,且res的值自增1,而後把pos連到res後面,返回res,最後回到原函數中,咱們仍要處理進位狀況,參見代碼以下:url
解法二:spa
class Solution { public: ListNode* addTwoNumbers(ListNode* l1, ListNode* l2) { int n1 = getLength(l1), n2 = getLength(l2); ListNode *head = new ListNode(1); head->next = (n1 > n2) ? helper(l1, l2, n1 - n2) : helper(l2, l1, n2 - n1); if (head->next->val > 9) { head->next->val %= 10; return head; } return head->next; } int getLength(ListNode* head) { int cnt = 0; while (head) { ++cnt; head = head->next; } return cnt; } ListNode* helper(ListNode* l1, ListNode* l2, int diff) { if (!l1) return NULL; ListNode *res = (diff == 0) ? new ListNode(l1->val + l2->val) : new ListNode(l1->val); ListNode *post = (diff == 0) ? helper(l1->next, l2->next, 0) : helper(l1->next, l2, diff - 1); if (post && post->val > 9) { post->val %= 10; ++res->val; } res->next = post; return res; } };
下面這種方法借鑑了Plus One Linked List中的解法三,在處理加1問題時,咱們須要找出右起第一個不等於9的位置,而後此位置值自增1,以後的所有賦爲0。這裏咱們一樣要先算出兩個鏈表的長度,咱們把其中較長的放在l1,而後咱們算出兩個鏈表長度差diff。若是diff大於0,咱們用l1的值新建節點,並連在cur節點後(cur節點初始化時指向dummy節點)。而且若是l1的值不等於9,那麼right節點也指向這個新建的節點,而後cur和l1都分別後移一位,diff自減1。當diff爲0後,咱們循環遍歷,將此時l1和l2的值加起來放入變量val中,若是val大於9,那麼val對10取餘,right節點自增1,將right後面節點全賦值爲0。在cur節點後新建節點,節點值爲更新後的val,若是val的值不等於9,那麼right節點也指向這個新建的節點,而後cur,l1和l2都分別後移一位。最後咱們看dummy節點值若爲1,返回dummy節點,若是是0,則返回dummy的下一個節點。code
解法三:htm
class Solution { public: ListNode* addTwoNumbers(ListNode* l1, ListNode* l2) { int n1 = getLength(l1), n2 = getLength(l2), diff = abs(n1 - n2); if (n1 < n2) swap(l1, l2); ListNode *dummy = new ListNode(0), *cur = dummy, *right = cur; while (diff > 0) { cur->next = new ListNode(l1->val); if (l1->val != 9) right = cur->next; cur = cur->next; l1 = l1->next; --diff; } while (l1) { int val = l1->val + l2->val; if (val > 9) { val %= 10; ++right->val; while (right->next) { right->next->val = 0; right = right->next; } right = cur; } cur->next = new ListNode(val); if (val != 9) right = cur->next; cur = cur->next; l1 = l1->next; l2 = l2->next; } return (dummy->val == 1) ? dummy : dummy->next; } int getLength(ListNode* head) { int cnt = 0; while (head) { ++cnt; head = head->next; } return cnt; } };
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參考資料:
https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/67076/ac-follow-up-java
https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/65279/easy-o-n-java-solution-using-stack