Linux移植之子目錄下的built-in.o生成過程分析 Linux移植之make uImage編譯過程分析

Linux移植之make uImage編譯過程分析中羅列出了最後連接生成vmlinux的過程。能夠看到在每一個子目錄下都有一個built-in.o文件。對於此產生了疑問built-in.o文件是根據什麼產生的。html

arm-linux-ld -EL  -p --no-undefined -X -o vmlinux -T arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds
arch/arm/kernel/head.o arch/arm/kernel/init_task.o  init/built-in.o --start-group  usr/built-in.o  arch/arm/kernel/built-in.o  
arch/arm/mm/built-in.o  arch/arm/common/built-in.o  arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/built-in.o  arch/arm/mach-s3c2400/built-in.o  
arch/arm/mach-s3c2412/built-in.o  arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/built-in.o  arch/arm/mach-s3c2442/built-in.o  arch/arm/mach-s3c2443/built-in.o  
arch/arm/nwfpe/built-in.o  arch/arm/plat-s3c24xx/built-in.o  kernel/built-in.o  mm/built-in.o  fs/built-in.o  ipc/built-in.o  
security/built-in.o  crypto/built-in.o  block/built-in.o  arch/arm/lib/lib.a  lib/lib.a  arch/arm/lib/built-in.o  lib/built-in.o  
drivers/built-in.o  sound/built-in.o  net/built-in.o --end-group .tmp_kallsyms2.o

一、測試,在linux目錄下添加一個test文件夾,在文件夾裏面添加了test.c 和 Makefile。測試是否也會生成built-in.o文件linux

二、從頂層Makefile文件開始分析built-in.o原理vim

三、遞歸規則函數

 

一、測試,在linux目錄下添加一個test文件夾,在文件夾裏面添加了test.c 和 Makefile。測試是否也會生成built-in.o文件post

a、mkdir test,建立test文件夾測試

b、cd test,進入test文件夾ui

d、vim Makefile,在裏面建立Makefileurl

#
#Makefile for the linux kernel makefile experiment.
#
obj-y := test.o

e、vim test.c,在裏面建立C文件spa

#include <linux/export.h>

int test_global = 0;

f、修改頂層Makefile,在core-y後面增長test/目錄code

-core-y         += kernel/ mm/ fs/ ipc/ security/ crypto/ block/
+core-y         += kernel/ mm/ fs/ ipc/ security/ crypto/ block/ test/

g、make uImage後觀察到在連接的過程當中多出了test/built-in.o 文件。測試成功

arm-linux-ld -EL  -p --no-undefined -X -o .tmp_vmlinux1 -T arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds arch/arm/kernel/head.o arch/arm/kernel/init_task.o  
init/built-in.o --start-group usr/built-in.o arch/arm/kernel/built-in.o arch/arm/mm/built-in.o arch/arm/common/built-in.o
arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/built-in.o arch/arm/mach-s3c2400/built-in.o arch/arm/mach-s3c2412/built-in.o arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/built-in.o
arch/arm/mach-s3c2442/built-in.o arch/arm/mach-s3c2443/built-in.o arch/arm/nwfpe/built-in.o arch/arm/plat-s3c24xx/built-in.o
kernel/built-in.o mm/built-in.o fs/built-in.o ipc/built-in.o security/built-in.o crypto/built-in.o block/built-in.o test/built-in.o
arch/arm/lib/lib.a lib/lib.a arch/arm/lib/built-in.o lib/built-in.o drivers/built-in.o sound/built-in.o net/built-in.o --end-group

 

二、從頂層Makefile文件開始分析built-in.o原理,在測試成功後,要分析是怎麼作到更改了幾個文件就能產生test/built-in.o而且編譯進內核的。

從頂層Makefile開始分析,vmlinux-dirs包含了全部的linux子目錄

vmlinux-dirs    := $(patsubst %/,%,$(filter %/, $(init-y) $(init-m) \
             $(core-y) $(core-m) $(drivers-y) $(drivers-m) \
             $(net-y) $(net-m) $(libs-y) $(libs-m)))
$(patsubst <pattern>,<replacement>,<text> )
名稱:模式字符串替換函數——patsubst。
功能:查找<text>中的單詞(單詞以「空格」、「Tab」或「回車」「 換行」分隔)是否符合模
式<pattern>,若是匹配的話,則以<replacement>替換。這裏,<pattern>能夠包括通配符「%」,
表示任意長度的字串。若是<replacement>中也包含「%」,那麼,<replacement>中的這個「%」
將是<pattern>中的那個「%」所表明的字串。(能夠用「\」來轉義,以「\%」來表示真實含
義的「%」字符)
返回:函數返回被替換事後的字符串。
$(filter <pattern...>,<text> )
名稱:過濾函數——filter。
功能:以<pattern>模式過濾<text>字符串中的單詞,保留符合模式<pattern>的單詞。能夠有
多個模式。
返回:返回符合模式<pattern>的字串。

另外在arch/arm/Makefile下也定義了一些文件夾:

171    core-y                += arch/arm/kernel/ arch/arm/mm/ arch/arm/common/
172    core-y                += $(MACHINE)
173    core-$(CONFIG_ARCH_S3C2410)    += arch/arm/mach-s3c2400/
174    core-$(CONFIG_ARCH_S3C2410)    += arch/arm/mach-s3c2412/
175    core-$(CONFIG_ARCH_S3C2410)    += arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/
176    core-$(CONFIG_ARCH_S3C2410)    += arch/arm/mach-s3c2442/
177    core-$(CONFIG_ARCH_S3C2410)    += arch/arm/mach-s3c2443/
178    core-$(CONFIG_FPE_NWFPE)    += arch/arm/nwfpe/
179    core-$(CONFIG_FPE_FASTFPE)    += $(FASTFPE_OBJ)
180    core-$(CONFIG_VFP)        += arch/arm/vfp/
181
182    # If we have a common platform directory, then include it in the build.
183    core-$(CONFIG_PLAT_IOP)        += arch/arm/plat-iop/
184    core-$(CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP)    += arch/arm/plat-omap/
185    core-$(CONFIG_PLAT_S3C24XX)        += arch/arm/plat-s3c24xx/
186
187    drivers-$(CONFIG_OPROFILE)      += arch/arm/oprofile/
188    drivers-$(CONFIG_ARCH_CLPS7500)    += drivers/acorn/char/
189    drivers-$(CONFIG_ARCH_L7200)    += drivers/acorn/char/
190
191    libs-y                := arch/arm/lib/ $(libs-y)

展開獲得

vmlinux-dir = init usr \
arch/arm/kernel arch/arm/mm arch/arm/common arch/arm/mach-s3c2410 arch/arm/mach-s3c2400 arch/arm/mach-s3c2412 arch/arm/mach-s3c2440  \
arch/arm/mach-s3c2442 arch/arm/mach-s3c2443 arch/arm/nwfpe arch/arm/plat-s3c24xx   \
kernel mm fs ipc security crypto block test  \
arch/arm/lib lib arch/arm/lib  \
drivers sound net  \

繼續看頂層Makefile生成vmlinux-dirs的規則以下:

764    $(vmlinux-dirs): prepare scripts
765        $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$@

以建立的test目錄爲例:展開獲得。它的意思是調用scripts/Makefile.build。令參數obj=test,而後make。

make -f scripts/Makefile.build obj=test

接着進入scripts/Makefile.build繼續分析,它的默認目標是__build:

07    PHONY := __build
08    __build:

83    __build: $(if $(KBUILD_BUILTIN),$(builtin-target) $(lib-target) $(extra-y)) \
84         $(if $(KBUILD_MODULES),$(obj-m)) \
85         $(subdir-ym) $(always)
86        @:

接着看builtin-target、lib-target,它們被定義的條件是obj-%、lib-%不能爲空

73    ifneq ($(strip $(lib-y) $(lib-m) $(lib-n) $(lib-)),)
74    lib-target := $(obj)/lib.a
75    endif
76
77    ifneq ($(strip $(obj-y) $(obj-m) $(obj-n) $(obj-) $(lib-target)),)
78    builtin-target := $(obj)/built-in.o
79    endif
名稱:去空格函數——strip。
功能:去掉<string>字串中開頭和結尾的空字符。
返回:返回被去掉空格的字符串值。

接着看生成builtin-target的規則,lib-target的規則相似,仍是在scripts/Makefile.build裏找到以下規則

254    # To build objects in subdirs, we need to descend into the directories
255    $(sort $(subdir-obj-y)): $(subdir-ym) ;
256
257    #
258    # Rule to compile a set of .o files into one .o file
259    #
260    ifdef builtin-target
261    quiet_cmd_link_o_target = LD      $@
262    # If the list of objects to link is empty, just create an empty built-in.o
263    cmd_link_o_target = $(if $(strip $(obj-y)),\
264                  $(LD) $(ld_flags) -r -o $@ $(filter $(obj-y), $^),\
265                  rm -f $@; $(AR) rcs $@)
266
267    $(builtin-target): $(obj-y) FORCE
268        $(call if_changed,link_o_target)
269
270    targets += $(builtin-target)
271    endif # builtin-target

調用if_changed函數,進入scripts/Kbuild.include中

167    if_changed = $(if $(strip $(any-prereq) $(arg-check)),                       \
168        @set -e;                                                             \
169        $(echo-cmd) $(cmd_$(1));                                             \
170        echo 'cmd_$@ := $(make-cmd)' > $(dot-target).cmd)

能夠看到最後調用的是cmd_link_o_target 腳本,回到scripts/Makefile.build中:

257    #
258    # Rule to compile a set of .o files into one .o file
259    #
260    ifdef builtin-target
261    quiet_cmd_link_o_target = LD      $@
262    # If the list of objects to link is empty, just create an empty built-in.o
263    cmd_link_o_target = $(if $(strip $(obj-y)),\
264                  $(LD) $(ld_flags) -r -o $@ $(filter $(obj-y), $^),\
265                  rm -f $@; $(AR) rcs $@)

其中obj-y=test.o定義在test目錄下的Makefile中,以下在scripts/Makefile.build中include了$(kbuild-dir)/Makefile,即test/Makefile

16    kbuild-dir := $(if $(filter /%,$(src)),$(src),$(srctree)/$(src))
17    include $(if $(wildcard $(kbuild-dir)/Kbuild), $(kbuild-dir)/Kbuild, $(kbuild-dir)/Makefile)

將規則展開獲得:最終獲得了test/built-in.o  

cmd_link_o_target = arm-linux-ld -EL -r -o test/built-in.o test.o arm-linux-ar rcs test/built-in.o  

 

三、遞歸規則。若是在子目錄下還有子目錄編譯系統會怎麼操做呢,下面就講述遞歸的規則:

繼續看scripts/Makefile.build,它包含了scripts/Makefile.lib

19 include scripts/Makefile.lib

接着看到scripts/Makefile.lib,裏面定義了subdir-ym 這個變量表示的是若是obj-y含有文件夾則將文件夾放到subdir-ym中

24    __subdir-y    := $(patsubst %/,%,$(filter %/, $(obj-y)))
25    subdir-y    += $(__subdir-y)
26    __subdir-m    := $(patsubst %/,%,$(filter %/, $(obj-m)))
27    subdir-m    += $(__subdir-m)
28    obj-y        := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.o, $(obj-y))
29    obj-m        := $(filter-out %/, $(obj-m))
30
31    # Subdirectories we need to descend into
32
33    subdir-ym    := $(sort $(subdir-y) $(subdir-m))

繼續回到scripts/Makefile.build,看到有關subdir-y的規則

322    $(subdir-ym):
333        $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$@

能夠看到這個規則與第二部分的規則很相似,這是一個遞歸調用,scripts/Makefile.build調用本身生成subdir-ym/built-in.o。具體分析與第二部分同樣。下面截圖自第二部分分析

 

子目錄下的built-in.o 就是這麼生成的。參考自https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/community/blogs/5144904d-5d75-45ed-9d2b-cf1754ee936a/entry/kernel-build-system?lang=en

相關文章
相關標籤/搜索