將生產環境的流量拷貝到預上線環境或測試環境,這樣作有不少好處,好比:html
能夠驗證功能是否正常,以及服務的性能;java
用真實有效的流量請求去驗證,又不用造數據,不影響線上正常訪問;nginx
這跟灰度發佈還不太同樣,鏡像流量不會影響真實流量;git
能夠用來排查線上問題;程序員
重構,假如服務作了重構,這也是一種測試方式;github
爲了實現流量拷貝,Nginx提供了ngx_http_mirror_module模塊web
首頁,設置yum倉庫。爲此,建立一個文件/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo面試
將如下內容寫入文件centos
[nginx-stable] name=nginx stable repo baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key module_hotfixes=true [nginx-mainline] name=nginx mainline repo baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key module_hotfixes=true
yum安裝nginxapi
yum install nginx
默認狀況下,nginx配置文件是nginx.conf
通常狀況下,nginx.conf文件在 /usr/local/nginx/conf 或者 /etc/nginx 或者 /usr/local/etc/nginx 目錄下
爲了啓動nginx,直接在命令行裏輸入nginx回車便可
# 啓動nginx nginx # fast shutdown nginx -s stop # graceful shutdown nginx -s quit # reloading the configuration file nginx -s reload # reopening the log files nginx -s reopen # list of all running nginx processes ps -ax | grep nginx
一旦master進程接收到從新加載配置的信號,它將檢查新配置文件的語法是否正確,並嘗試應用其中提供的配置。若是成功,master進程將啓動新的worker進程,併發送消息給舊的worker進程,要求他們shutdown。不然,master進程將回滾所作的更改,並繼續使用舊配置。舊的worker進程在接收到關閉命令後,中止接受新的鏈接,直到全部以前已經接受的鏈接所有處理完爲止。以後,舊的worker進程退出。
nginx的master進程的進程ID,默認狀況下,放在nginx.pid文件中,該文件所在的目錄通常是/usr/local/nginx/logs 或者 /var/run
還能夠這樣中止nginx
kill -s QUIT 3997
初始配置文件長這樣:
user nginx; worker_processes 1; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 65; #gzip on; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; }
The ngx_http_mirror_module module (1.13.4) implements mirroring of an original request by creating background mirror subrequests. Responses to mirror subrequests are ignored.
我是這樣理解的,這裏,mirror本意是鏡子、鏡像,這裏能夠理解就像一個鏡像站點同樣,將全部的請求都收集起來,這個鏡像就表明了全部真實有效的原始請求。有了這個鏡像,後續咱們纔可能用這個鏡像去作一些事情,好比重現一下全部的請求,這就實現了把線上的流程複製到別的地方。
官網給出的示例卻是很簡單,以下:
location / { mirror /mirror; proxy_pass http://backend; } location = /mirror { internal; proxy_pass http://test_backend$request_uri; }
若是請求體被鏡像,那麼在建立子請求以前會先讀取請求體
location / { mirror /mirror; mirror_request_body off; proxy_pass http://backend; } location = /mirror { internal; proxy_pass http://log_backend; proxy_pass_request_body off; proxy_set_header Content-Length ""; proxy_set_header X-Original-URI $request_uri; }
前面咱們安裝了Nginx,可是裏面沒有包含咱們所需的ngx_http_mirror_module模塊,所以,真正要使用的時候最好仍是採用自定義安裝,即從源碼構建
首先,下載源碼 http://nginx.org/en/download.html
接下來,編譯安裝,例如:
./configure --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf --pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid --with-http_ssl_module --without-http_limit_req_module --without-http_mirror_module --with-pcre=../pcre-8.43 --with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.11 --add-module=/path/to/ngx_devel_kit --add-module=/path/to/lua-nginx-module make & make install
配置
upstream api.abc.com { server 127.0.0.1:8080; } upstream tapi.abc.com { server 127.0.0.1:8081; } server { listen 80; # 源站點 location /api { proxy_pass http://api.cjs.com; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; # 流量複製 mirror /newapi; mirror /mirror2; mirror /mirror3; # 複製請求體 mirror_request_body on; } # 鏡像站點 location /tapi { proxy_pass http://tapi.cjs.com$request_uri; proxy_pass_request_body on; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } }
Nginx文檔
http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_mirror_module.html
http://nginx.org/en/docs/beginners_guide.html
http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_core_module.html#location
http://nginx.org/en/docs/configure.html
第三方模板
https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/
https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/modules/lua/
https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/modules/index.html
https://github.com/openresty/lua-nginx-module
補充
# 查看進程運行時間 ps -eo pid,user,lstart,etime,cmd | grep nginx # 查看已經創建鏈接的數量 netstat -an | grep ESTABLISHED | wc -l # 查看80端口的鏈接數 netstat -an | grep ":80" | wc -l