ElasticSearch筆記系列（9）——子條件查詢（上）Query context
上一篇對查詢按照簡單查詢、條件查詢、聚合查詢進行了分類，並逐一介紹了基本用法。正則表達式
本文對條件查詢再進行分類，介紹子條件查詢和複合條件查詢。json
條件查詢分類
子條件查詢：特定字段查詢 所指特定值。app
複合條件查詢：以必定的邏輯 組合 子條件查詢。ide
子條件查詢
子條件查詢又分爲：Query context 和 Filter Context。ui
在查詢過程當中，除了判斷文檔是否知足查詢條件外，ES還爲計算一個_score來標識匹配的程度，旨在判斷目標文檔和查詢條件匹配的有多好。spa
Query context
Query context 經常使用的查詢包括：.net
全文本查詢：針對文本類型的數據code
字段級別的查詢：針對結構化的數據，好比數字、日期等orm
概念樹狀圖
說了這麼多概念，畫個樹吧：blog
全文本查詢
全文本查詢 包括：模糊匹配、習語匹配、多個字段的匹配查詢、語法的查詢。
下面，咱們在上一篇文章錄入的的索引和文檔的基礎上繼續進行查詢。具體的索引結構和文檔數據請翻看上一篇文章。
咱們建立了一個rent索引，一個community類型，以及對應的18個文檔。
示例數據是以前寫的文章裏的，這裏不在累述，我把索引定義給出：
{
"state": "open",
"settings": {
"index": {
"creation_date": "1523632189666",
"number_of_shards": "3",
"number_of_replicas": "1",
"uuid": "lUrZ_KHtQcuG33MFNivX-A",
"version": {
"created": "5060899"
},
"provided_name": "rent"
}
},
"mappings": {
"community": {
"properties": {
"creationdate": {
"format": "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy-MM-dd||epoch_millis",
"type": "date"
},
"city": {
"type": "keyword"
},
"communityname": {
"type": "text"
},
"age": {
"type": "integer"
}
}
},
"shop": { }
},
"aliases": [ ],
"primary_terms": {
"0": 2,
"1": 2,
"2": 2
},
"in_sync_allocations": {
"0": [
"0RFsy8yXT6WM25oL8n5gew"
,
"QfWzYOCWQYy_QISycd-PNg"
],
"1": [
"MBaaq2YfQRmrR1hZx6qqhQ"
,
"iIxY5sN8Q3m6CR4Q5TxzXw"
],
"2": [
"vEbuzvxzTW2y_mokZWQSig"
,
"VhIOetKsSDqeOnG3HisH_w"
]
}
}
(本文出自oschina博主happybks的博文：https://my.oschina.net/happyBKs/blog/1799387)
模糊匹配
模糊匹配，使用match關鍵詞，對文本類型字段進行匹配時，會按照條件值中的各個字或者說分詞進行匹配。
POST http://localhost:9200/rent/community/_search
{
"query":{
"match":{
"communityname":"中海萬錦城(二期)"
}
}
}
結果除了包含中海萬錦城(二期)、包括其餘communityname字段包含「中」「海」「萬」等字的文檔。
由於這是模糊匹配，徹底同樣的、包含中海的、包含一個萬字文檔，匹配的程度不一樣，_score的分數也不一樣。返回結果按照匹配度，即_score分數由高到低（可是_score大於0，若等於0表示徹底不匹配就不會被模糊查詢到）排列。
查詢結果
{
"took": 253,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 3,
"successful": 3,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 11,
"max_score": 10.104993,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZGp3aoILHeA4gRvWM",
"_score": 10.104993,
"_source": {
"communityname": "中海萬錦城(二期)",
"city": "上海閘北不夜城",
"age": 6,
"creationdate": "2012-01-01"
}
},
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZGbCzoILHeA4gRvWL",
"_score": 3.335333,
"_source": {
"communityname": "中海悅府",
"city": "上海松江泗涇",
"age": 4,
"creationdate": "2014-01-01"
}
},
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZHR2loILHeA4gRvWN",
"_score": 2.0010364,
"_source": {
"communityname": "中海紫御豪庭",
"city": "上海普陀長征",
"age": 6,
"creationdate": "2012-01-01"
}
},
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZHsN6oILHeA4gRvWO",
"_score": 1.6676666,
"_source": {
"communityname": "象嶼鼎城",
"city": "上海浦東川沙",
"age": 5,
"creationdate": "2013-01-01"
}
},
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZDcK7oILHeA4gRvWB",
"_score": 1.2871116,
"_source": {
"communityname": "萬科藍山",
"city": "上海浦東曹路",
"age": 14,
"creationdate": "2004-01-01 00:00:00"
}
},
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZCaoSoILHeA4gRvV-",
"_score": 0.91251767,
"_source": {
"communityname": "萬科朗潤園",
"city": "上海",
"age": 12,
"creationdate": "2006-01-01 00:00:00"
}
},
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZEXNioILHeA4gRvWD",
"_score": 0.7981695,
"_source": {
"communityname": "萬科白馬花園",
"city": "上海莘閔別墅區",
"age": 15,
"creationdate": "2003-01-01 00:00:00"
}
},
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZC1HYoILHeA4gRvV_",
"_score": 0.7981695,
"_source": {
"communityname": "萬科優詩美地",
"city": "上海閔行七寶",
"age": 19,
"creationdate": "1999-01-01 00:00:00"
}
},
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLY7wnkoILHeA4gRvV8",
"_score": 0.36413702,
"_source": {
"communityname": "萬科陽光苑",
"city": "上海",
"age": 10,
"creationdate": "2008-01-01 00:00:00"
}
},
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZDK3-oILHeA4gRvWA",
"_score": 0.36413702,
"_source": {
"communityname": "萬科清林徑",
"city": "上海浦東新區新場鎮",
"age": 6,
"creationdate": "2012-01-01 00:00:00"
}
}
]
}
}
習語匹配
若是你但願將查詢條件中的值做爲一個固定的習語進行匹配，而不是根據匹配程度進行模糊匹配，可使用習語匹配。關鍵詞是match_phrase
POST http://localhost:9200/rent/community/_search
{
"query":{
"match_phrase":{
"communityname":"中海萬錦城(二期)"
}
}
}
查詢結果：
此時查詢結果咱們發現只一條了。
{
"took": 568,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 3,
"successful": 3,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 1,
"max_score": 10.104993,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZGp3aoILHeA4gRvWM",
"_score": 10.104993,
"_source": {
"communityname": "中海萬錦城(二期)",
"city": "上海閘北不夜城",
"age": 6,
"creationdate": "2012-01-01"
}
}
]
}
}
多個字段的匹配查詢
多個字段的模糊匹配查詢 須要用到關鍵詞multi_match，而後裏面套query和fields關鍵詞，指明查詢條件文本和須要匹配哪些字段。
POST http://localhost:9200/rent/community/_search
{
"query":{
"multi_match":{
"query":"山江",
"fields":["communityname","city"]
}
}
}
查詢結果：
能夠看到小區名稱或者地址信息中包含「山」或「江」的小區文檔都被模糊匹配查詢到了。
{
"took": 17,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 3,
"successful": 3,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 4,
"max_score": 1.7792181,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZEy0foILHeA4gRvWE",
"_score": 1.7792181,
"_source": {
"communityname": "金地藝境(寶山)",
"city": "上海寶山區",
"age": 6,
"creationdate": "2012-01-01 00:00:00"
}
},
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLDhHMpoILHeA4gRvV7",
"_score": 1.7792181,
"_source": {
"communityname": "世茂濱江花園",
"city": "上海",
"age": 9,
"creationdate": "2009-01-01 00:00:00"
}
},
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZDcK7oILHeA4gRvWB",
"_score": 1.2871116,
"_source": {
"communityname": "萬科藍山",
"city": "上海浦東曹路",
"age": 14,
"creationdate": "2004-01-01 00:00:00"
}
},
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZFA5EoILHeA4gRvWF",
"_score": 1.0751344,
"_source": {
"communityname": "金地藝境(松江)",
"city": "上海松江區",
"age": 3,
"creationdate": "2015-01-01 00:00:00"
}
}
]
}
}
語法查詢
所謂語法查詢，就是根據必定的語法規則進行的查詢。常常在Kibana中用，是作數據搜索用的，支持通配符、範圍查詢、布爾查詢、正則表達式等。語法十分豐富。關鍵詞query_string。
邏輯與AND
有多個條件能夠用邏輯與，關鍵詞AND
POST http://localhost:9200/rent/community/_search
{
"query":{
"query_string":{
"query":"萬科 AND 大道"
}
}
}
結果：
{
"took": 386,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 3,
"successful": 3,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 1,
"max_score": 2.9101574,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZD_9YoILHeA4gRvWC",
"_score": 2.9101574,
"_source": {
"communityname": "萬科公園大道",
"city": "上海老閔行",
"age": 3,
"creationdate": "2015-01-01 00:00:00"
}
}
]
}
}
邏輯或OR
若是是邏輯或，關鍵詞OR。而且，語法條件能夠組合。
POST http://localhost:9200/rent/community/_search
{
"query":{
"query_string":{
"query":"(萬科 AND 大道) OR 象嶼"
}
}
}
結果：
{
"took": 324,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 3,
"successful": 3,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 2,
"max_score": 4.0250216,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZHsN6oILHeA4gRvWO",
"_score": 4.0250216,
"_source": {
"communityname": "象嶼鼎城",
"city": "上海浦東川沙",
"age": 5,
"creationdate": "2013-01-01"
}
},
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZD_9YoILHeA4gRvWC",
"_score": 2.9101574,
"_source": {
"communityname": "萬科公園大道",
"city": "上海老閔行",
"age": 3,
"creationdate": "2015-01-01 00:00:00"
}
}
]
}
}
多個字段的語法匹配
這個和多字段模糊匹配時的關鍵詞同樣，須要用到fields關鍵詞，而後在列表裏把所涉及的字段名稱給出。
POST http://localhost:9200/rent/community/_search
{
"query":{
"query_string":{
"query":"公園 OR 閔行",
"fields":["communityname","city"]
}
}
}
查詢結果：
{
"took": 53,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 3,
"successful": 3,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 4,
"max_score": 2.1502688,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZD_9YoILHeA4gRvWC",
"_score": 2.1502688,
"_source": {
"communityname": "萬科公園大道",
"city": "上海老閔行",
"age": 3,
"creationdate": "2015-01-01 00:00:00"
}
},
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZCaoSoILHeA4gRvV-",
"_score": 1.1690899,
"_source": {
"communityname": "萬科朗潤園",
"city": "上海",
"age": 12,
"creationdate": "2006-01-01 00:00:00"
}
},
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZEXNioILHeA4gRvWD",
"_score": 1.0225905,
"_source": {
"communityname": "萬科白馬花園",
"city": "上海莘閔別墅區",
"age": 15,
"creationdate": "2003-01-01 00:00:00"
}
},
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLDhHMpoILHeA4gRvV7",
"_score": 1.0225905,
"_source": {
"communityname": "世茂濱江花園",
"city": "上海",
"age": 9,
"creationdate": "2009-01-01 00:00:00"
}
}
]
}
}
字段級別的查詢
字段級別的查詢，或者說結構化查詢，在query下的關鍵詞須要用term。
特定值查詢
好比查詢房齡爲10年的小區：
POST http://localhost:9200/rent/community/_search
{
"query":{
"term":{
"age":10
}
}
}
結果：
{
"took": 197,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 3,
"successful": 3,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 2,
"max_score": 1,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLY7wnkoILHeA4gRvV8",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"communityname": "萬科陽光苑",
"city": "上海",
"age": 10,
"creationdate": "2008-01-01 00:00:00"
}
},
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZF4FAoILHeA4gRvWI",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"communityname": "保利西子灣",
"city": "上海松江大學城",
"age": 10,
"creationdate": "2008-01-01"
}
}
]
}
}
這時，咱們嘗試像以前模糊匹配的示例那樣在字段級別查詢裏查詢「萬科」
注意：關鍵詞是字段級別查詢的關鍵詞term。
POST http://localhost:9200/rent/community/_search
{
"query":{
"term":{
"communityname":"萬科"
}
}
}
結果，發現查詢結果的數量是0。而以前用match作全文本查詢時，查詢「萬科」，會獲得一大推communityname的值中包含「萬」或「科」字的文檔。
{
"took": 14,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 3,
"successful": 3,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 0,
"max_score": null,
"hits": []
}
}
那咱們在嘗試一下輸入完整的字段值。若是咱們將term中條件communityname字段的值設置爲一個徹底存在的值，例如：萬科公園大道
{
"query":{
"term":{
"communityname": "萬科公園大道"
}
}
}
結果發現，依然沒有返回結果。由於commmunityname字段是text文本類型。不適用於字段級別的查詢。
若是咱們換成city字段，就沒有問題：
{
"query":{
"term":{
"city": "上海老閔行"
}
}
}
結果，返回了對應的結果，由於city字段是keyword類型：
{
"took": 10,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 3,
"successful": 3,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 1,
"max_score": 1.2039728,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZD_9YoILHeA4gRvWC",
"_score": 1.2039728,
"_source": {
"communityname": "萬科公園大道",
"city": "上海老閔行",
"age": 3,
"creationdate": "2015-01-01 00:00:00"
}
}
]
}
}
範圍查詢
字段級別的查詢，還能夠查詢特定字段必定範圍值內的文檔有哪些。這種涉及字段值範圍的條件，須要用到關鍵詞range。範圍描述的關鍵詞與mongo中的十分相似。
| 關鍵詞 | 含義 | 數學符號 |
| gt | 大於 | ＞ ( |
| gte | 大於等於 | ≥ [ |
| lt | 小於 | ＜ ) |
| lte | 小於等於 | ≤ ] |
咱們來查一下，房齡在5到7年（含5年，不含7年）的小區有哪些：age的字段類型是integer
{
"query":{
"range":{
"age": {
"gte":5,
"lt":7
}
}
}
}
查詢結果：
{
"took": 11,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 3,
"successful": 3,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 6,
"max_score": 1,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZDK3-oILHeA4gRvWA",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"communityname": "萬科清林徑",
"city": "上海浦東新區新場鎮",
"age": 6,
"creationdate": "2012-01-01 00:00:00"
}
},
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZGp3aoILHeA4gRvWM",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"communityname": "中海萬錦城(二期)",
"city": "上海閘北不夜城",
"age": 6,
"creationdate": "2012-01-01"
}
},
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZEy0foILHeA4gRvWE",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"communityname": "金地藝境(寶山)",
"city": "上海寶山區",
"age": 6,
"creationdate": "2012-01-01 00:00:00"
}
},
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZHsN6oILHeA4gRvWO",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"communityname": "象嶼鼎城",
"city": "上海浦東川沙",
"age": 5,
"creationdate": "2013-01-01"
}
},
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZFV2doILHeA4gRvWG",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"communityname": "金地藝華年",
"city": "上海浦東航頭",
"age": 5,
"creationdate": "2013-01-01"
}
},
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZHR2loILHeA4gRvWN",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"communityname": "中海紫御豪庭",
"city": "上海普陀長征",
"age": 6,
"creationdate": "2012-01-01"
}
}
]
}
}
日期字段範圍查詢
字段級別的範圍查詢同時還支持日期類型：
（字段級別查詢：「看吧，全部類型我都支持，我就不支持你文本text類型，誰讓你和全文本類型打得火熱」）
POST http://localhost:9200/rent/community/_search
{
"query":{
"range":{
"creationdate": {
"gte":"2011-12-31",
"lt":"2014-01-01"
}
}
}
}
返回結果：
{
"took": 358,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 3,
"successful": 3,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 6,
"max_score": 1,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZDK3-oILHeA4gRvWA",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"communityname": "萬科清林徑",
"city": "上海浦東新區新場鎮",
"age": 6,
"creationdate": "2012-01-01 00:00:00"
}
},
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZGp3aoILHeA4gRvWM",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"communityname": "中海萬錦城(二期)",
"city": "上海閘北不夜城",
"age": 6,
"creationdate": "2012-01-01"
}
},
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZEy0foILHeA4gRvWE",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"communityname": "金地藝境(寶山)",
"city": "上海寶山區",
"age": 6,
"creationdate": "2012-01-01 00:00:00"
}
},
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZHsN6oILHeA4gRvWO",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"communityname": "象嶼鼎城",
"city": "上海浦東川沙",
"age": 5,
"creationdate": "2013-01-01"
}
},
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZFV2doILHeA4gRvWG",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"communityname": "金地藝華年",
"city": "上海浦東航頭",
"age": 5,
"creationdate": "2013-01-01"
}
},
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZHR2loILHeA4gRvWN",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"communityname": "中海紫御豪庭",
"city": "上海普陀長征",
"age": 6,
"creationdate": "2012-01-01"
}
}
]
}
}
若是要表示如今，可使用關鍵詞now。
好比查詢2015年至今的新小區：
POST http://localhost:9200/rent/community/_search
{
"query":{
"range":{
"creationdate": {
"gte":"2015-01-01",
"lt":"now"
}
}
}
}
結果：
{
"took": 80,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 3,
"successful": 3,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 3,
"max_score": 1,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZD_9YoILHeA4gRvWC",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"communityname": "萬科公園大道",
"city": "上海老閔行",
"age": 3,
"creationdate": "2015-01-01 00:00:00"
}
},
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZFA5EoILHeA4gRvWF",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"communityname": "金地藝境(松江)",
"city": "上海松江區",
"age": 3,
"creationdate": "2015-01-01 00:00:00"
}
},
{
"_index": "rent",
"_type": "community",
"_id": "AWLZGGD2oILHeA4gRvWJ",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"communityname": "保利艾廬",
"city": "上海浦東新區周浦鎮",
"age": 3,
"creationdate": "2015-01-01"
}
}
]
}
}
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