OkHttp原理解析1(框架流程篇)

OkHttp3.png
一直想寫一篇 簡潔而不失內涵 的OKHTTP源碼分析,甚至從19年春節前就開始翻閱OkHttp的源碼。可是遇上春節事多心雜,沒能將心中所想梳理出來。 如今疫情當前,節約了外出活動的時間,靜心打磨了此文,但願對看本文的小夥伴有所幫助,更但願 武漢堅強,祖國安康

本文源碼基於OkHttp3.14.6,該版本是Java版最新的一版,後續的4.*全面使用了Kotlin,若有須要可再進行分析。java

針對OkHttp我打算開兩篇進行分析。web

第1篇分析總體的框架設計,以及大方向的請求流程。 第2篇分析具體攔截器的功能邏輯。數組

好,咱們開始表演。緩存

在翻看源碼以前,對OkHttp的瞭解只停留在使用層面,對Api使用很是的6。徹底沒關心過內部原理。更別提設計思想了。 有句 德瑪西亞 名言咋說來着 新手拼的是英雄,技能,熟練度。高玩靠的是走位,意識,英雄池。 這句話你品,你細品~~~服務器

本文爭取以一個高玩的姿態去解讀OkHttp的源碼,至於有多高呢? 嗯~~~ 仍是這麼高。。。 websocket

image.png
咱們再看源碼的時候有一個技巧,不必定非要挨個類去逐行閱讀,枯燥無味不說,關鍵是很難和功能相對應,可根據使用方式切入,根據邏輯調用鏈,層層跟進。 本文呢又是一篇深刻淺出的題材,仍是那迷人的姿式,仍是那熟悉的套路。 從使用到原理,從架構到邏輯。 使用體現的是框架的能力,架構承載的是框架的靈魂。 咱們將從如下幾個問題出發,循循漸進,層層深刻。

    1. OkHttp有什麼優點?爲啥要分析的是OkHttp而不是其餘框架?
    1. OkHttp的使用方式有哪些?
    1. OkHttp的架構是什麼樣的?
    1. OkHttp的內部是咋實現的?

#####1. OkHttp有什麼優點?爲啥要分析的是OkHttp而不是其餘框架? 其實Android的網絡框架有不少,好比Android-Async-Http,Volley,OkHttp,Retrofit,那爲啥偏要分析OkHttp呢?由於它屌啊~~~ 咱們先看一個這個對比圖就明白了。markdown

對比分析 Android-Async-Http volley OkHttp Retrofit
技術分析 基於HttpClient 基於HttpUrlConnection 基於Socket, 和HttpUrlConnection同級但並不屬於HttpUrlConnection 基於Okhttp
優點 自動智能請求重試 ;持久化cookie存儲 1.支持圖片加載;網絡請求的排序。
2.優先級處理緩存。
3.多級別取消請求。
4.生命週期控制,退出後自動取消請求。
5.可拓展性好;可支持HttpClient、HttpUrlConnection、和OkHttp
1.高性能Http請求庫。
2.支持SPDY,共享同一個Socket來處理同一個服務器全部的請求.
3.支持http2.0、websocket;支持同步、異步。
4.內部封裝了線程池、數據轉換、參數使用、錯誤處理等。
5.支持GZIP來減小數據流量。
6.基於NIO和OKio,性能更高。
1.Api牛逼
2.支持經過註解配置參數,url等信息。
3.支持Gson,Jackson,Protobuf。
4.支持RxJava。
5.代碼簡化;解耦完全。
劣勢 Android5.0以後不推薦用HttpClient ,而且該框架通知維護。 Volley的Request和Response都是把數據放到byte數組裏,不支持輸入輸出流,把數據放到數組中,若是文件多了,數組就會大,消耗內存 ... ...

目前相對主流的框架Retrofit,Glide中都是內置了OkHttp,而Retrift本身便是網絡框架,且它都基於OkHttp,可見OkHttp是怎樣一個地位。cookie

#####2. OkHttp的使用方式有哪些? 接下來將秀8種操做,看好了您嘞。網絡

  • 1.同步Get請求
  • 2.異步Get請求
  • 3.同步Post請求
  • 4.異步Post請求
  • 5.Post提交文件
  • 6.Post提交from表單
  • 7.文件字符串複合提交
  • 8.攔截器使用
/** * 1.同步Get請求 * 2.異步Get請求 * 3.同步Post請求 * 4.異步Post請求 * 5.Post提交文件 * 6.Post提交from表單 * 7.文件字符串複合提交 * 8.攔截器使用 */

  OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();

    /** * 同步Get請求 */
    private void SyncGet() {
        try {
            Request request = new Request.Builder()
                    .url("url")
                    .build();
            Call call = okHttpClient.newCall(request);
            Response response = call.execute();
        } catch (Exception e) {

        }

    }

    /** * 異步Gost請求 */
    private void AsyncGet() {
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("url")
                .build();
        Call call = okHttpClient.newCall(request);
        call.enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
                //請求失敗
            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
                //請求成功
            }
        });

    }

    /** * 同步Post請求 */
    private void SyncPost() {
        try {
            MediaType JSON = MediaType.parse("application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8");
            String str = "通訊數據";
            Request request = new Request.Builder().url("url").post(RequestBody.create(JSON, str)).build();
            Call call = okHttpClient.newCall(request);
            Response response = call.execute();
        } catch (Exception e) {

        }

    }

    /** * 異步Post請求 */
    private void AsyncPost() {
        MediaType JSON = MediaType.parse("application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8");
        String str = "通訊數據";
        Request request = new Request.Builder().url("url").post(RequestBody.create(JSON, str)).build();
        Call call = okHttpClient.newCall(request);
        call.enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
                //請求失敗
            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
                //請求成功
            }
        });
    }

    private void postFile() {
        MediaType fileMediaType = MediaType.parse("text/x-markdown; charset=utf-8");
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("url")
                .post(RequestBody.create(fileMediaType, new File("sd/mnt/a.png")))
                .build();
        Call call = okHttpClient.newCall(request);
        call.enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
                //請求失敗
            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
                //請求成功
            }
        });
    }

    /** * Post提交from表單 */
    private void postFrom() {
        MediaType fileMediaType = MediaType.parse("text/x-markdown; charset=utf-8");
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("url")
                .post(new FormBody.Builder().add("key", "value").build())
                .build();
        Call call = okHttpClient.newCall(request);
        call.enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
                //請求失敗
            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
                //請求成功
            }
        });
    }

  /** * Post提交組合數據(字符串+文件) */
    private void postMultipartBody() {
        MediaType fileMediaType = MediaType.parse("image/png");
        RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(fileMediaType, new File("sd/mnt/1.png"));
        MultipartBody multipartBody = new MultipartBody.Builder()
                .setType(MultipartBody.FORM)
                .addPart(
                        Headers.of("Content-Disposition", "form-data; name=\"title\""),
                        RequestBody.create(null, "文字")//這樣能夠直接添加數據,無需單首創建RequestBody
                )
                .addPart(
                        Headers.of("Content-Disposition", "form-data; name=\"image\""),
                        RequestBody.create(fileMediaType, new File("sd/mnt/1.png"))//這樣能夠直接添加文件,無需單首創建RequestBody
                )
                .addFormDataPart("key", "value")//添加表單數據
                .addFormDataPart("file", "fileName", requestBody)
                .build();
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("url")
                .post(multipartBody)
                .build();
        Call call = okHttpClient.newCall(request);
        call.enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
                //請求失敗
            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
                //請求成功
            }
        });
    }


    /** * 使用攔截器 */
    private void postAndInterceptor() {
        OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
                .addInterceptor(new MyInterceptor())
                .build();
        MediaType fileMediaType = MediaType.parse("image/png");
        RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(fileMediaType, new File("sd/mnt/1.png"));
        MultipartBody multipartBody = new MultipartBody.Builder()
                .setType(MultipartBody.FORM)
                .addFormDataPart("key", "value")//添加表單數據
                .addFormDataPart("file", "fileName", requestBody)
                .build();
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("url")
                .post(multipartBody)
                .build();
        Call call = okHttpClient.newCall(request);
        call.enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
                //請求失敗
            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
                //請求成功
            }
        });
    }

    /** * 攔截器 */
    public class MyInterceptor implements Interceptor {
        @Override
        public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
            Request request = chain.request();
            Response response = chain.proceed(request);
            Log.d("TAG", "請求返回數據爲:" + response.body().string());

            return null;
        }
    }
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#####3. OkHttp的架構是什麼樣的? 這個問題挺深刻,惟有此圖以示天下。架構

總體架構圖.png
上圖主要以執行流程來劃分,其主要涉及的類包含如下幾個

  • OkHttpClient 客戶端對象

  • OkHttpClient.Builder 以構件者模式建立OkHttpClient對象

  • Request 請求對象

    • HttpUrl url; 請求對象參數
    • String method;請求對象參數
    • Headers.Builder headers;請求對象參數
    • RequestBody body;請求對象參數
    • Map<Class<?>, Object> tags = Collections.emptyMap();請求對象參數
  • Response 請求結果對象。

  • Request.Builder 構建者模式用於建立Request

  • RealCall implements Call 請求控制器,用於執行request

  • Dispatcher 調度器,主要用於請求的策略處理。

  • AsyncCall是一個Runnable,線程池調用。

  • Callback 接收回調使用

  • Interceptor 攔截器接口,全部的攔截器均實現該接口,責任鏈模式的每個攔截器接口。 #####4. OkHttp的內部是咋實現的? 又到了你麼最喜歡的講道理擺姿式的環節了。 分析OkHttp的內部實現能夠從使用角度出發,以使用邏輯分析框架入口,而後層層跟進。咱們以普通的get請求爲例,主要涉及如下幾個入口。

  • 1. OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();

  • 2. Request request = new Request.Builder().url("url").build();

  • 3. Call call = okHttpClient.newCall(request);

  • 4. call.enqueue(new Callback() {... });

咱們逐個分析一下。 4.1. OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();內部執行了哪些邏輯?咱們看下源碼

//OkHttpClient的構造函數
public OkHttpClient() {
    this(new Builder());
  }
//OkHttpClient的構造函數
  OkHttpClient(Builder builder) {
    this.dispatcher = builder.dispatcher;
    this.proxy = builder.proxy;
    this.protocols = builder.protocols;
    this.connectionSpecs = builder.connectionSpecs;
    this.interceptors = Util.immutableList(builder.interceptors);
    this.networkInterceptors = Util.immutableList(builder.networkInterceptors);
    this.eventListenerFactory = builder.eventListenerFactory;
    this.proxySelector = builder.proxySelector;
    this.cookieJar = builder.cookieJar;
    this.cache = builder.cache;
    this.internalCache = builder.internalCache;
    this.socketFactory = builder.socketFactory;

    boolean isTLS = false;
    for (ConnectionSpec spec : connectionSpecs) {
      isTLS = isTLS || spec.isTls();
    }

    if (builder.sslSocketFactory != null || !isTLS) {
      this.sslSocketFactory = builder.sslSocketFactory;
      this.certificateChainCleaner = builder.certificateChainCleaner;
    } else {
      X509TrustManager trustManager = Util.platformTrustManager();
      this.sslSocketFactory = newSslSocketFactory(trustManager);
      this.certificateChainCleaner = CertificateChainCleaner.get(trustManager);
    }

    if (sslSocketFactory != null) {
      Platform.get().configureSslSocketFactory(sslSocketFactory);
    }

    this.hostnameVerifier = builder.hostnameVerifier;
    this.certificatePinner = builder.certificatePinner.withCertificateChainCleaner(
        certificateChainCleaner);
    this.proxyAuthenticator = builder.proxyAuthenticator;
    this.authenticator = builder.authenticator;
    this.connectionPool = builder.connectionPool;
    this.dns = builder.dns;
    this.followSslRedirects = builder.followSslRedirects;
    this.followRedirects = builder.followRedirects;
    this.retryOnConnectionFailure = builder.retryOnConnectionFailure;
    this.callTimeout = builder.callTimeout;
    this.connectTimeout = builder.connectTimeout;
    this.readTimeout = builder.readTimeout;
    this.writeTimeout = builder.writeTimeout;
    this.pingInterval = builder.pingInterval;

    if (interceptors.contains(null)) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("Null interceptor: " + interceptors);
    }
    if (networkInterceptors.contains(null)) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("Null network interceptor: " + networkInterceptors);
    }
  }
    //OkHttpClient 中靜態內部類Builder的構造方法
    public Builder() {
      dispatcher = new Dispatcher();
      protocols = DEFAULT_PROTOCOLS;
      connectionSpecs = DEFAULT_CONNECTION_SPECS;
      eventListenerFactory = EventListener.factory(EventListener.NONE);
      proxySelector = ProxySelector.getDefault();
      if (proxySelector == null) {
        proxySelector = new NullProxySelector();
      }
      cookieJar = CookieJar.NO_COOKIES;
      socketFactory = SocketFactory.getDefault();
      hostnameVerifier = OkHostnameVerifier.INSTANCE;
      certificatePinner = CertificatePinner.DEFAULT;
      proxyAuthenticator = Authenticator.NONE;
      authenticator = Authenticator.NONE;
      connectionPool = new ConnectionPool();
      dns = Dns.SYSTEM;
      followSslRedirects = true;
      followRedirects = true;
      retryOnConnectionFailure = true;
      callTimeout = 0;
      connectTimeout = 10_000;
      readTimeout = 10_000;
      writeTimeout = 10_000;
      pingInterval = 0;
    }
  //OkHttpClient 中靜態內部類Builder的構造方法
    Builder(OkHttpClient okHttpClient) {
      this.dispatcher = okHttpClient.dispatcher;
      this.proxy = okHttpClient.proxy;
      this.protocols = okHttpClient.protocols;
      this.connectionSpecs = okHttpClient.connectionSpecs;
      this.interceptors.addAll(okHttpClient.interceptors);
      this.networkInterceptors.addAll(okHttpClient.networkInterceptors);
      this.eventListenerFactory = okHttpClient.eventListenerFactory;
      this.proxySelector = okHttpClient.proxySelector;
      this.cookieJar = okHttpClient.cookieJar;
      this.internalCache = okHttpClient.internalCache;
      this.cache = okHttpClient.cache;
      this.socketFactory = okHttpClient.socketFactory;
      this.sslSocketFactory = okHttpClient.sslSocketFactory;
      this.certificateChainCleaner = okHttpClient.certificateChainCleaner;
      this.hostnameVerifier = okHttpClient.hostnameVerifier;
      this.certificatePinner = okHttpClient.certificatePinner;
      this.proxyAuthenticator = okHttpClient.proxyAuthenticator;
      this.authenticator = okHttpClient.authenticator;
      this.connectionPool = okHttpClient.connectionPool;
      this.dns = okHttpClient.dns;
      this.followSslRedirects = okHttpClient.followSslRedirects;
      this.followRedirects = okHttpClient.followRedirects;
      this.retryOnConnectionFailure = okHttpClient.retryOnConnectionFailure;
      this.callTimeout = okHttpClient.callTimeout;
      this.connectTimeout = okHttpClient.connectTimeout;
      this.readTimeout = okHttpClient.readTimeout;
      this.writeTimeout = okHttpClient.writeTimeout;
      this.pingInterval = okHttpClient.pingInterval;
    }
//經過靜態內部類Builder的build()方法可建立 OkHttpClient 對象。
 public OkHttpClient build() {
      return new OkHttpClient(this);
    }
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咱們分析下這一大段代碼,其實邏輯內容很是簡單,主要乾了這麼幾件事。

    1. 設置了緩存、線程池、攔截器,超時等變量數據。
    1. OkHttpClient使用了構建者模式。
    1. new OkHttpClient()內部實際調用的是 new OkHttpClient(new Builder())。
    1. OkHttpClient還可經過new OkHttpClient.Builder().build();建立OkHttpClient對象。
  • 5.爲何要使用構建者模式?當一個類的內部數據過於複雜的時候,要建立的話可能就須要瞭解這個類的內部結構以及相互關係等等。會大大提高框架的使用成本,所以建立的時候會有一個名爲Builder的內部類模板,設置好了默認的值和邏輯關係。這種模板能夠有多個,使得一樣的構建過程能夠建立不一樣的對象。使用戶不瞭解內部邏輯的狀況下也能夠正常建立對象。大大下降的使用成本。

4.2. Request request = new Request.Builder().url("url").build();內部又幹了啥? 從寫法上看,Request 同樣也使用了構建者模式,咱們分開Request.Builder(),url("url"),build()一個一個看。

//Request構造函數
Request(Builder builder) {
    this.url = builder.url;
    this.method = builder.method;
    this.headers = builder.headers.build();
    this.body = builder.body;
    this.tags = Util.immutableMap(builder.tags);
  }
//Request的靜態內部類Builder構造函數
 public Builder() {
      this.method = "GET";
      this.headers = new Headers.Builder();
    }
  //Request的靜態內部類Builder構造函數
    Builder(Request request) {
      this.url = request.url;
      this.method = request.method;
      this.body = request.body;
      this.tags = request.tags.isEmpty()
          ? Collections.emptyMap()
          : new LinkedHashMap<>(request.tags);
      this.headers = request.headers.newBuilder();
    }
  //Request的靜態內部類Builder設置url方法
    public Builder url(HttpUrl url) {
      if (url == null) throw new NullPointerException("url == null");
      this.url = url;
      return this;
    }

    /** * Request的靜態內部類Builder設置url方法 * * @若是url是無效的則拋出 throws IllegalArgumentException 經過調用HttpUrl.get(url)避免這種異常, * 無效的url返回null */
    public Builder url(String url) {
      if (url == null) throw new NullPointerException("url == null");

      // Silently replace web socket URLs with HTTP URLs.
      if (url.regionMatches(true, 0, "ws:", 0, 3)) {
        url = "http:" + url.substring(3);
      } else if (url.regionMatches(true, 0, "wss:", 0, 4)) {
        url = "https:" + url.substring(4);
      }

      return url(HttpUrl.get(url));
    }

    /** * Request的靜態內部類Builder設置url方法 * * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the scheme of {@code url} is not {@code http} or {@code * https}. */
    public Builder url(URL url) {
      if (url == null) throw new NullPointerException("url == null");
      return url(HttpUrl.get(url.toString()));
    }

    // Request的靜態內部類Builder設置build方法
    public Request build() {
      if (url == null) throw new IllegalStateException("url == null");
      return new Request(this);
    }
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咱們總結下 new Request.Builder().url("url").build()幹了幾件事。

    1. 經過new Request.Builder()構造者模式設置了默認的請求方式GET,且經過headers的構建者建立了 headers。
    1. url()方法使用到了面向對象重載的方法,入參支持HttpUrl 、String 、URL三種類型。最終目的便是設置請求地址。
    1. .build()則經過以上設置的屬性調用Request構造函數,建立Request對象。

4.3. Call call = okHttpClient.newCall(request);又是幹什麼的呢? 以上的4.1 , 4.2均是爲了建立okHttpClient,Request對象,以及初始化一數據,並無進行其餘操做。 okHttpClient.newCall(request);又作了什麼操做呢?

/** * okHttpClient的newCall() * 準備request,將在某個時間執行。 */
  @Override public Call newCall(Request request) {
     //最後這個參數是否爲web socket默認傳false
    return RealCall.newRealCall(this, request, false /* for web socket */);
  }
 /** *RealCall.newRealCall(...) *實例化RealCall對象,初始化RealCall.transmitter。 */
static RealCall newRealCall(OkHttpClient client, Request originalRequest, boolean forWebSocket) {
    // Safely publish the Call instance to the EventListener.
    RealCall call = new RealCall(client, originalRequest, forWebSocket);
    call.transmitter = new Transmitter(client, call);
    return call;
  }
 /** *RealCall(...) */
private RealCall(OkHttpClient client, Request originalRequest, boolean forWebSocket) {
    this.client = client;
    this.originalRequest = originalRequest;
    this.forWebSocket = forWebSocket;
  }
 /** *Transmitter類構造函數 。 */
public Transmitter(OkHttpClient client, Call call) {
    this.client = client;
    this.connectionPool = Internal.instance.realConnectionPool(client.connectionPool());
    this.call = call;
    this.eventListener = client.eventListenerFactory().create(call);
    this.timeout.timeout(client.callTimeoutMillis(), MILLISECONDS);
  }
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總結:這一堆竟然仍是在建立對象,真正的請求尚未開始。

    1. 經過okHttpClient.newCall()調用了RealCall.newRealCall()並把Request,okHttpClient做爲參數傳過去。
    1. RealCall.newRealCall()中經過構造函數建立了RealCall和Transmitter對象。
  • 3.Transmitter主要用於設置鏈接池,事件監聽器,以及超時等待時間。
    • 3.1. 注意Transmitter中這句 Internal.instance.realConnectionPool(client.connectionPool()); Internal.instance只在OkHttpClient有實現,所以也只會調用OkHttpClient中的實現接口,目的是拿到connectionPool鏈接池。
    • 3.2. client.eventListenerFactory()獲取的EventListener.Factory實際上是在OkHttpClient的Builder()中經過 EventListener.factory(EventListener.NONE);建立的。默認傳的EventListener是一個空的。

4.4. call.enqueue(new Callback() {... });應該開始請求了吧... 前邊準備的全部準備均爲了最後這一步請求,咱們看下邏輯是怎麼操做的。

@Override public void enqueue(Callback responseCallback) {
    synchronized (this) {
      if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed");
      executed = true;
    }
    transmitter.callStart();
    client.dispatcher().enqueue(new AsyncCall(responseCallback));
  }
//transmitter.callStart();
public void callStart() {
    this.callStackTrace = Platform.get().getStackTraceForCloseable("response.body().close()");
    eventListener.callStart(call);
  }

複製代碼

這塊有點複雜咱們一點一點的分析,最後進行總結。 首先call.enqueue()中進行了執行狀態賦值,防止重複執行請求。 其次調用了transmitter.callStart();啓動堆棧的跟蹤,以及eventListener的一些回調處理。 最後便是最關鍵的異步 client.dispatcher().enqueue(new AsyncCall(responseCallback));是真正的請求流程。 我繼續深刻分析

//Dispatcher.enqueue()
void enqueue(AsyncCall call) {
    synchronized (this) {
      //readyAsyncCalls是一個準備調用的AsyncCall隊列
      readyAsyncCalls.add(call);

      // 若是不是WebSocket,將經過call.host查找是否有運行中的AsyncCall ,若是有將經過AtomicInteger類型共享到當前 AsyncCall 對象中。
      if (!call.get().forWebSocket) {
        AsyncCall existingCall = findExistingCallWithHost(call.host());
        //異步請求,OkHttp會對有相同主機的call在請求時進行記數,經過AtomicInteger對象進行即時同步。
        //這個計數對後續的請求有影響,咱們後邊再詳細分析。
        if (existingCall != null) call.reuseCallsPerHostFrom(existingCall);
      }
    }
    //真正執行操做
    promoteAndExecute();
  }
//循環runningAsyncCalls和readyAsyncCalls隊列
  @Nullable private AsyncCall findExistingCallWithHost(String host) {
    for (AsyncCall existingCall : runningAsyncCalls) {
      if (existingCall.host().equals(host)) return existingCall;
    }
    for (AsyncCall existingCall : readyAsyncCalls) {
      if (existingCall.host().equals(host)) return existingCall;
    }
    return null;
  }
/** *readyAsyncCalls中知足條件的對象移動到runningAsyncCalls中 而且在 executor service上運行。 * 必須同步調用,由於要回調用戶的代碼 * * 若是調度程序當前正在運行,則返回true */
  private boolean promoteAndExecute() {
    assert (!Thread.holdsLock(this));

    List<AsyncCall> executableCalls = new ArrayList<>();
    boolean isRunning;
    synchronized (this) {
      //循環readyAsyncCalls隊列。
      for (Iterator<AsyncCall> i = readyAsyncCalls.iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
        AsyncCall asyncCall = i.next();
        //若是運行隊列runningAsyncCalls超過了maxRequests直接break。(默認值爲64)
        if (runningAsyncCalls.size() >= maxRequests) break; // Max capacity.
        //若是當前的主機計數器>5則continue,這個計數器就是上述enqueue()方法的計數器。
        if (asyncCall.callsPerHost().get() >= maxRequestsPerHost) continue; // Host max capacity.
        從readyAsyncCalls中移除
        i.remove();
        //相同主機的asyncCall計數器+1
        asyncCall.callsPerHost().incrementAndGet();
        executableCalls.add(asyncCall);
        //添加到runningAsyncCalls隊列中
        runningAsyncCalls.add(asyncCall);
      }
      //運行狀態賦值,異步/同步只要有一個在運行則爲true。
      isRunning = runningCallsCount() > 0;
    }

    for (int i = 0, size = executableCalls.size(); i < size; i++) {
      AsyncCall asyncCall = executableCalls.get(i);
     //開始運行,具體的運行邏輯咱們後續分析。
      asyncCall.executeOn(executorService());
    }

    return isRunning;
  }
複製代碼

ok,咱們總結下Dispatcher.enqueue()幹了什麼事

    1. 將AsyncCall添加到準備隊列readyAsyncCalls。
    1. 經過AsyncCall對象查找runningAsyncCalls和readyAsyncCalls隊列中是否想相同主機的AsyncCall,若是有則經過AtomicInteger對象將AsyncCall.callsPerHost引用到一塊兒,方便後續的計數統計。
    1. 調用promoteAndExecute()循環readyAsyncCalls隊列,判斷runningAsyncCalls隊列大於64或asyncCall.callsPerHost>5均終止添加到runningAsyncCalls隊列中。
    1. asyncCall.callsPerHost計數器+1,AsyncCall添加到runningAsyncCalls隊列中,從readyAsyncCalls中移除。啓動for循環調用 asyncCall.executeOn(executorService());進行請求。

那**asyncCall.executeOn(executorService());**中又幹了啥?

//Dispatcher.executorService()
//若是executorService 爲null則建立一個ThreadPoolExecutor線程池
public synchronized ExecutorService executorService() {
    if (executorService == null) {
      executorService = new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
          new SynchronousQueue<>(), Util.threadFactory("OkHttp Dispatcher", false));
    }
    return executorService;
  }

/** * AsyncCall.executeOn() * 嘗試經過 executorService啓動執行AsyncCall * 若是 executor已經關閉了則嘗試清楚,並報失敗 */
    void executeOn(ExecutorService executorService) {
      assert (!Thread.holdsLock(client.dispatcher()));
      boolean success = false;
      try {
        //線程池執行AsyncCall
        executorService.execute(this);
        success = true;
      } catch (RejectedExecutionException e) {
        InterruptedIOException ioException = new InterruptedIOException("executor rejected");
        ioException.initCause(e);
        transmitter.noMoreExchanges(ioException);
        //回調onFailure
        responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this, ioException);
      } finally {
        if (!success) {
          //若是沒成功,調用OkHttpClient.dispatcher().finished(this);
          client.dispatcher().finished(this); // This call is no longer running!
        }
      }
    }

/** * Dispatcher.finished() *失敗 */
  void finished(AsyncCall call) {
    //AsyncCall 中相同主機計數器-1。
    call.callsPerHost().decrementAndGet();
    finished(runningAsyncCalls, call);
  }
//Dispatcher.finished(...)
private <T> void finished(Deque<T> calls, T call) {
    Runnable idleCallback;
    synchronized (this) {
      //從runningAsyncCalls中移除call。
      if (!calls.remove(call)) throw new AssertionError("Call wasn't in-flight!");
      idleCallback = this.idleCallback;
    }
    //從新調用promoteAndExecute()
    boolean isRunning = promoteAndExecute();

    if (!isRunning && idleCallback != null) {
      //若是同步異步均沒有運行了而且idleCallback 不爲空 則通知當前爲空閒狀態了。
      idleCallback.run();
    }
  }
複製代碼

咱們再總結下asyncCall.executeOn(executorService())到底幹了啥。

    1. 經過executorService()建立了一個ThreadPoolExecutor線程池。
    1. 啓動了executorService線程池。
    1. 若是線程池出現了異常則啓動異常處理,經過 responseCallback回調onFailure
    1. 經過finally 關鍵字判斷若是本次請求失敗了則調用OkHttpClient.dispatcher().finished(this)
    • 4.1. AsyncCall.callsPerHost 相同主機計數器-1。
    • 4.2 . 從runningAsyncCalls中移除當前AsyncCall並從新調用promoteAndExecute()。
    • 4.3 . 若是同步異步均沒有運行了而且idleCallback 不爲空 則通知當前爲空閒狀態了。
    1. executorService.execute(this);證實其實this爲AsyncCall,類型爲Runnable。

executorService.execute(this);是執行請求的邏輯內容,咱們詳細看下 executorService是一個線程池,而this表明的是AsyncCall這個類,如今其實能夠發現AsyncCall實際上繼承的是NamedRunnable,而NamedRunnable實現了Runnable,這下就簡單了,咱們直接找Runnable的run方法便可。

public abstract class NamedRunnable implements Runnable {
...
  @Override public final void run() {
    String oldName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
    Thread.currentThread().setName(name);
    try {
      //主要執行了這個方法,這個方法實際是一個抽象方法,須要看實現類的實現。
      execute();
    } finally {
      Thread.currentThread().setName(oldName);
    }
  }
  protected abstract void execute();
}

//AsyncCall.execute()
@Override 
protected void execute() {
      boolean signalledCallback = false;
      transmitter.timeoutEnter();
      try {
        Response response = getResponseWithInterceptorChain();
        signalledCallback = true;
        //回調結果
        responseCallback.onResponse(RealCall.this, response);
      } catch (IOException e) {
        if (signalledCallback) {
          // Do not signal the callback twice!
          Platform.get().log(INFO, "Callback failure for " + toLoggableString(), e);
        } else {
          responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this, e);
        }
      } catch (Throwable t) {
        cancel();
        if (!signalledCallback) {
          IOException canceledException = new IOException("canceled due to " + t);
          canceledException.addSuppressed(t);
          responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this, canceledException);
        }
        throw t;
      } finally {
        //移除當前AsyncCall
        client.dispatcher().finished(this);
      }
    }
複製代碼

咱們觀察以上代碼大部分是異常處理的邏輯,而try中第一句即返回了Response對象,所以,咱們主要看getResponseWithInterceptorChain()中的邏輯。

Response getResponseWithInterceptorChain() throws IOException {
    // 創建一個完整的攔截器堆棧
    List<Interceptor> interceptors = new ArrayList<>();
     //將建立okhttpclient時的攔截器添加到interceptors
    interceptors.addAll(client.interceptors());
    //重試攔截器,負責處理失敗後的重試與重定向
    interceptors.add(new RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor(client));
    //請求轉化攔截器(用戶請求轉爲服務器請求,服務器響應轉爲用戶響應)
    interceptors.add(new BridgeInterceptor(client.cookieJar()));
    //緩存攔截器。負責
    //1.根據條件,緩存配置,有效期等返回緩存響應,也可增長到緩存。
    //2.設置請求頭(If-None-Match、If-Modified-Since等) 服務器可能返回304(未修改)
    //3.可配置自定義的緩存攔截器。
    interceptors.add(new CacheInterceptor(client.internalCache()));
    //網絡鏈接攔截器,主要負責和服務器創建鏈接。
    interceptors.add(new ConnectInterceptor(client));
    if (!forWebSocket) {
      //建立okhttpclient時設置的networkInterceptors
      interceptors.addAll(client.networkInterceptors());
    }
    //數據流攔截器,主要負責像服務器發送和讀取數據,請求報文封裝和解析。
    interceptors.add(new CallServerInterceptor(forWebSocket));
    //責任鏈模式的建立。
    Interceptor.Chain chain = new RealInterceptorChain(interceptors, transmitter, null, 0,
        originalRequest, this, client.connectTimeoutMillis(),
        client.readTimeoutMillis(), client.writeTimeoutMillis());

    boolean calledNoMoreExchanges = false;
    try {
      //啓動責任鏈
      Response response = chain.proceed(originalRequest);
      if (transmitter.isCanceled()) {
        closeQuietly(response);
        throw new IOException("Canceled");
      }
      return response;
    } catch (IOException e) {
      calledNoMoreExchanges = true;
      throw transmitter.noMoreExchanges(e);
    } finally {
      if (!calledNoMoreExchanges) {
        transmitter.noMoreExchanges(null);
      }
    }
  }
複製代碼

其實上述邏輯中,主要乾了3件事。

    1. 將全部攔截器添加到了list中
    1. 經過RealInterceptorChain建立責任鏈。
    1. 經過chain.proceed(originalRequest)啓動執行。

咱們只要搞懂建立責任鏈的邏輯,以及啓動責任鏈的邏輯就全都明白了,ok,咱們看下具體代碼

//經過RealInterceptorChain構造函數建立每個責任對象
 public RealInterceptorChain(List<Interceptor> interceptors, Transmitter transmitter, @Nullable Exchange exchange, int index, Request request, Call call, int connectTimeout, int readTimeout, int writeTimeout) {
    this.interceptors = interceptors;
    this.transmitter = transmitter;
    this.exchange = exchange;
    this.index = index;
    this.request = request;
    this.call = call;
    this.connectTimeout = connectTimeout;
    this.readTimeout = readTimeout;
    this.writeTimeout = writeTimeout;
  }
//啓動責任鏈代碼
 @Override 
 public Response proceed(Request request) throws IOException {
    return proceed(request, transmitter, exchange);
  }
//啓動責任鏈代碼
  public Response proceed(Request request, Transmitter transmitter, @Nullable Exchange exchange) throws IOException {
    if (index >= interceptors.size()) throw new AssertionError();

    calls++;

    // 若是咱們已經有一個流,請確認傳入的請求將使用它。
    if (this.exchange != null && !this.exchange.connection().supportsUrl(request.url())) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("network interceptor " + interceptors.get(index - 1)
          + " must retain the same host and port");
    }

    // 若是咱們已經有一個流,確認這是對鏈的惟一調用。
    if (this.exchange != null && calls > 1) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("network interceptor " + interceptors.get(index - 1)
          + " must call proceed() exactly once");
    }

    // 調用鏈中的下一個攔截器,注意參數index+1,經過+1的方式循環interceptors list中的攔截器
    RealInterceptorChain next = new RealInterceptorChain(interceptors, transmitter, exchange,
        index + 1, request, call, connectTimeout, readTimeout, writeTimeout);
    Interceptor interceptor = interceptors.get(index);
    //執行當前攔截器邏輯,並設置下一個攔截器對象。
    Response response = interceptor.intercept(next);

    // 確認下一個攔截器對chain.proceed()進行了所需的調用。
    if (exchange != null && index + 1 < interceptors.size() && next.calls != 1) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("network interceptor " + interceptor
          + " must call proceed() exactly once");
    }

    // Confirm that the intercepted response isn't null.
    if (response == null) {
      throw new NullPointerException("interceptor " + interceptor + " returned null");
    }

    if (response.body() == null) {
      throw new IllegalStateException(
          "interceptor " + interceptor + " returned a response with no body");
    }

    return response;
  }
複製代碼

雖然看着上述這段代碼很長,可是大篇幅都在判斷各類異常狀況,實際作的事很是簡單。 1.建立完RealInterceptorChain後,經過procee()判斷各類異常,並獲取當前Interceptor對象。 2.經過Interceptor.intercept(RealInterceptorChain)啓動當前攔截器邏輯,而且觸發下一個攔截器啓動。 3.若是當前攔截器出現異常等錯誤,則終止責任鏈。

具體的狀況咱們還須要看一個攔截器內部的邏輯,咱們以簡單的ConnectInterceptor爲例。

public final class ConnectInterceptor implements Interceptor {
  public final OkHttpClient client;

  public ConnectInterceptor(OkHttpClient client) {
    this.client = client;
  }

  @Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
    //chain其實是下一個責任對象。
    RealInterceptorChain realChain = (RealInterceptorChain) chain;
    Request request = realChain.request();
    Transmitter transmitter = realChain.transmitter();

    // 咱們須要網絡來知足這個要求。可能用於驗證條件GET。
    boolean doExtensiveHealthChecks = !request.method().equals("GET");
    Exchange exchange = transmitter.newExchange(chain, doExtensiveHealthChecks);
    //執行下一個攔截器責任對象的proceed方法。
    return realChain.proceed(request, transmitter, exchange);
  }
}
複製代碼

可見,Interceptor.intercept(Chain chain)接收的是下一個攔截器責任對象。 該方法中執行了本身攔截器該有的邏輯,若是沒異常則直接經過下一個攔截器責任對象的proceed()啓動了下一個攔截器邏輯。 ok咱們在回頭看下,AsyncCall.execute()中的finally中的那句代碼 client.dispatcher().finished(this);

//Dispatcher.finished()
 void finished(AsyncCall call) {
    call.callsPerHost().decrementAndGet();
    finished(runningAsyncCalls, call);
  }

  private <T> void finished(Deque<T> calls, T call) {
    Runnable idleCallback;
    synchronized (this) {
      //移除隊列,若是失敗則拋異常
      if (!calls.remove(call)) throw new AssertionError("Call wasn't in-flight!");
      idleCallback = this.idleCallback;
    }
    //這個方法是否是有點眼熟,主要用來將readyAsyncCalls符合條件的添加到runningAsyncCalls中,並運行。
    boolean isRunning = promoteAndExecute();
     //閒置調用
    if (!isRunning && idleCallback != null) {
      idleCallback.run();
    }
  }
複製代碼

ok至此全部的流程都很是清楚了。至於請求細節須要具體到了每個攔截器裏。我打算單獨開一篇來分析。 看到此處,若是對你有一點幫助,麻煩給個贊鼓勵一下。

其實寫博客是一個自驅的學習管理方式。能給小夥伴說明白的,那你一定早已心中有數。翻閱偉大的框架代碼就比如面對面跟這個偉人學習。

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