Android MediaPlayer架構 -- MediaPlayer的建立過程

本文系做者本身學習之所用,文章內容僅出自做者拙劣之思考,問題之處煩請不吝指教。html

  MediaPlayer 能被用來控制音/視頻文件或流媒體的回放。Android中以MediaPlayer類做爲音視頻播放的基礎類,圍繞着他開展了一系列的處理。學習一個新的模塊,最簡單的步驟就是找到一個典型的應用程序,經過它的實現,來分析整個模塊的數據流和控制流。典型的MediaPlayer在Java處的接口包括視頻播放類VideoView以及音頻專用MediaPlayer類。java

  1、 一個簡單的視頻播放demo app

  Android中實現視頻的播放能夠採用MediaPlayer+SurfaceView配合的方式,其實Android還爲開發人員提供了另一種更簡單的播放視頻媒體的方式,那就是VideoView。VideoView類,其實質是用MediaPlayer類來實現的,只是因爲其是視頻播放,不得不和Surfaceview掛上夠,纔將其獨立出來。使得其有以下的結構:android

1 public class VideoView extends SurfaceView 2         implements MediaPlayerControl, SubtitleController.Anchor { 3     private static final String TAG = "VideoView"; 4  ...... 5 }

  在Android中,提供了VideoView組件用於播放視頻文件。想要使用VideoView組件播放視頻,首先須要在佈局文件中建立該組件,而後在Activity中獲取該組件,並應用其setVideoPath()方法或setVideoURI()方法加載要播放的視頻,最後調用start()方法來播放視頻。另外,VideoView組件還提供了stop()和pause()方法,用於中止或暫停視頻的播放。架構

  在APP中,VideoView的典型簡單使用以下:app

1     mMediaController =new MediaController(this); 2     mVideoView = (VideoView) findViewById(R.id.videoView); 3     mVideoView.setVideoPath("/sdcard/1080P24FPS.mp4"); // 設置檔案路徑
4     mVideoView.setMediaController(mMediaController); // 設置播放器的控制器
5     mVideoView.start(); // 開始播放

  先看看效果就是下面這個樣子,短短几行代碼一個播放器就作好了,還能夠進行暫停,快進,快退,進度條控制。dom

  PS:VideoView還提供許多其餘播放控制API,在此不作重點介紹,以上代碼也僅僅是我的demo,不免有誤,謹慎參考使用。ide

2、 VideoView中setVideoPath的處理

  任何華麗的語言都不如source code來的簡單直接,上代碼:
函數

 1     /**
 2  * Sets video path.  3  *  4  * @param path the path of the video.  5      */
 6     public void setVideoPath(String path) {  7  setVideoURI(Uri.parse(path));  8  }  9 
10     /**
11  * Sets video URI. 12  * 13  * @param uri the URI of the video. 14      */
15     public void setVideoURI(Uri uri) { 16         setVideoURI(uri, null); 17  } 18 
19     /**
20  * Sets video URI using specific headers. 21  * 22  * @param uri the URI of the video. 23  * @param headers the headers for the URI request. 24  * Note that the cross domain redirection is allowed by default, but that can be 25  * changed with key/value pairs through the headers parameter with 26  * "android-allow-cross-domain-redirect" as the key and "0" or "1" as the value 27  * to disallow or allow cross domain redirection. 28      */
29     public void setVideoURI(Uri uri, Map<String, String> headers) { 30         mUri = uri; 31         mHeaders = headers; 32         mSeekWhenPrepared = 0; 33         openVideo(); // openVideo的處理,讓最終的處理權交給了MediaPlayer
34  requestLayout(); 35  invalidate(); 36     }

  通過setVideoPath(String path) --> setVideoURI(Uri uri) --> setVideoURI(Uri uri, Map<String, String> headers) 的調用流程,程序最終來到了openVideo()這一函數中:
oop

 1     private void openVideo() {  2  ......  3             mMediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer();  4 
 5  mMediaPlayer.setDataSource(mContext, mUri, mHeaders);  6  mMediaPlayer.setDisplay(mSurfaceHolder);  7             
 8  mMediaPlayer.prepareAsync();  9  ....... 10     }

  在上面的代碼中能夠清楚的看到,咱們首先new 了一個MediaPlayer類的對象,而後去setDataSource,到這裏VideoView::openVideo的處理讓最終的處理權交給了MediaPlayer。接下來咱們就進入MediaPlayer的世界.
佈局

3、 MediaPlayer的世界

  3.1 new MediaPlayer對象過程

  首先關注MediaPlayer對象的建立過程,這也是分析android源碼的一個基本要求。依次經過Java --> JNI(libmedia_jni.so) -- > Frameworks(libmedia.so)的處理流程。

  MediaPlayer.java 構造函數,這一部分在 Android MediaPlayer架構 -- 前言小知識點(一)也有分析

    public MediaPlayer() { super(new AudioAttributes.Builder().build()); Looper looper; if ((looper = Looper.myLooper()) != null) { mEventHandler = new EventHandler(this, looper); } else if ((looper = Looper.getMainLooper()) != null) { mEventHandler = new EventHandler(this, looper); } else { mEventHandler = null; } mTimeProvider = new TimeProvider(this); mOpenSubtitleSources = new Vector<InputStream>(); /* Native setup requires a weak reference to our object. * It's easier to create it here than in C++. */ native_setup(new WeakReference<MediaPlayer>(this)); }

  能夠看到,在使用VideoView中到建立MediaPlayer會通過:new VideoView——> new MediaPlayer ——>native_setup 這樣一個典型的對象創建過程,並傳遞到JNI。

  native_setup主要用於本地C++層的對象的創建,在JNI代碼(frameworks\base\media\jni\android_media_MediaPlayer.cpp)中能夠找到對應的native函數:

 1 static void
 2 android_media_MediaPlayer_native_setup(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, jobject weak_this)  3 {  4     ALOGV("native_setup");  5     sp<MediaPlayer> mp = new MediaPlayer(); // 實例化一個native MediaPlayer(frameworks\av\media\libmedia\mediaplayer.cpp)
 6     if (mp == NULL) {  7         jniThrowException(env, "java/lang/RuntimeException", "Out of memory");  8         return;  9  } 10 
11     // create new listener and give it to MediaPlayer
12     sp<JNIMediaPlayerListener> listener = new JNIMediaPlayerListener(env, thiz, weak_this); 13     mp->setListener(listener); 14 
15     // Stow our new C++ MediaPlayer in an opaque field in the Java object.
16  setMediaPlayer(env, thiz, mp); 17 }

  進入JNI作android_media_MediaPlayer_native_setup處理:sp<MediaPlayer> mp = new MediaPlayer() 這個native MediaPlayer會去和media service進行交互實現真正的播放功能,使得最終處理進入C++的世界。   

  3.2 setDataSource過程

  MediaPlayer java class中提供了多種setDataSource方法來設置不一樣的URI播放流,在此咱們以播放本地檔案爲例來介紹處理流程:

  VideoView::setVideoURI() --> MediaPlayer::setDataSource(mContext, mUri, mHeaders); --> MediaPlayer::setDataSource(uri.toString()) --> MediaPlayer::setDataSource(path, null, null) --> MediaPlayer::setDataSource(fd) --> setDataSource(fd, 0, 0x7ffffffffffffffL) --> _setDataSource(fd, offset, length)

  最後會調到 _setDataSource(fd, offset, length),看這個方法被聲明爲 native method

1     private native void _setDataSource(MediaDataSource dataSource) 2           throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalStateException;

  在JNI層咱們找到該方法對應的JNI method實現:

1     {"_setDataSource",      "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;JJ)V",    (void *)android_media_MediaPlayer_setDataSourceFD},

    android_media_MediaPlayer_setDataSourceFD()方法定義以下:

static void android_media_MediaPlayer_setDataSourceFD(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, jobject fileDescriptor, jlong offset, jlong length) { sp<MediaPlayer> mp = getMediaPlayer(env, thiz); if (mp == NULL ) { jniThrowException(env, "java/lang/IllegalStateException", NULL); return; } if (fileDescriptor == NULL) { jniThrowException(env, "java/lang/IllegalArgumentException", NULL); return; } int fd = jniGetFDFromFileDescriptor(env, fileDescriptor); ALOGV("setDataSourceFD: fd %d", fd); process_media_player_call( env, thiz, mp->setDataSource(fd, offset, length), "java/io/IOException", "setDataSourceFD failed." ); }

  上面這段代碼能夠看到最終調用了status_t MediaPlayer::setDataSource(int fd, int64_t offset, int64_t length)

//*********************************************************************************************************************************************************************

  MediaPlayer的C++代碼位於/frameworks/av/media/libmedia/mediaplayer.cpp, 編譯後造成一個libmedia.so。

  下面來看這個API的處理,接下去都只分析framework層的C++的處理流

 

 1 status_t MediaPlayer::setDataSource(int fd, int64_t offset, int64_t length)  2 {  3     ALOGV("setDataSource(%d, %" PRId64 ", %" PRId64 ")", fd, offset, length);  4     status_t err = UNKNOWN_ERROR;  5     const sp<IMediaPlayerService>& service(getMediaPlayerService());  6     if (service != 0) {  7         sp<IMediaPlayer> player(service->create(this, mAudioSessionId));  8         if ((NO_ERROR != doSetRetransmitEndpoint(player)) ||
 9             (NO_ERROR != player->setDataSource(fd, offset, length))) { 10  player.clear(); 11  } 12         err = attachNewPlayer(player); 13  } 14     return err; 15 }

 

  典型的Binder C/S架構,獲取MediaPlayerService的proxy,經過MediaPlayerService來建立一個player,而後對這個player調用setDataSource

  3.3 MediaPlayerService的工做

  啓動與獲取

  MediaPlayerService同其餘的Binder Service同樣,做爲一個server對外提供服務,它是在mediaserver中啓動的:

  /frameworks/av/media/mediaserver/main_mediaserver.cpp

 

 1 int main(int argc __unused, char **argv __unused)  2 {  3  signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);  4 
 5     sp<ProcessState> proc(ProcessState::self());  6     sp<IServiceManager> sm(defaultServiceManager());  7     ALOGI("ServiceManager: %p", sm.get());  8  InitializeIcuOrDie();  9     MediaPlayerService::instantiate(); //啓動MediaPlayerService
10  ResourceManagerService::instantiate(); 11  registerExtensions(); 12     ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool(); 13     IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool(); 14 }

   在/frameworks/av/media/libmediaplayerservice/MediaPlayerService.cpp中對instantiate()方法的定義:

1 void MediaPlayerService::instantiate() { 2     defaultServiceManager()->addService( 3             String16("media.player"), new MediaPlayerService()); 4 }

 

   在上面這段代碼中咱們註冊了一個名爲「media.player"的Binder Service,也就是MediaPlayerService,以後就能夠經過 binder = sm->getService(String16("media.player"));來請求這個服務了

   Player的建立

  獲取MediaPlayerService後就要去create player: sp<IMediaPlayer> player(service->create(this, mAudioSessionId));

  create請求處理:

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