Linux平臺 Oracle 18c RAC安裝Part1：準備工做

時間  2020-05-17
標籤 linux 平臺 oracle 18c rac 安裝 part1 準備 欄目 Linux 简体版
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1、實施前期準備工做html

2、安裝前期準備工做linux

Linux平臺 Oracle 18c RAC安裝指導： Part1：Linux平臺 Oracle 18c RAC安裝Part1：準備工做 Part2：Linux平臺 Oracle 18c RAC安裝Part2：GI配置 Part3：Linux平臺 Oracle 18c RAC安裝Part3：DB配置shell

本文安裝環境：<font color="red">OEL 7.5 + Oracle 18.3 GI & RAC</font>服務器

<h1 id="1">1、實施前期準備工做</h1>網絡

<h2 id="1.1">1.1 服務器安裝操做系統</h2> 配置徹底相同的兩臺服務器，安裝相同版本的Linux操做系統。留存系統光盤或者鏡像文件。 我這裏是OEL7.5，系統目錄大小均一致。對應OEL7.5的系統鏡像文件放在服務器上，供後面配置本地yum使用。 <h2 id="1.2">1.2 Oracle安裝介質</h2>Oracle 18.3 版本2個zip包(總大小9G+,注意空間)： LINUX.X64_180000_grid_home.zip MD5: CD42D137FD2A2EEB4E911E8029CC82A9 LINUX.X64_180000_db_home.zip MD5: 99A7C4A088A8A502C261E741A8339AE8 這個本身去Oracle官網下載，而後只須要上傳到節點1便可。 <h2 id="1.3">1.3 共享存儲規劃</h2>從存儲中劃分出兩臺主機能夠同時看到的共享LUN，3個1G的盤用做OCR和Voting Disk，1個40G的盤作GIMR，其他規劃作數據盤和FRA。 根據實際須要選擇multipath或者udev綁定設備。這裏選用multipath綁定。oracle

multipath -ll
multipath -F
multipath -v2
multipath -ll

我這裏實驗環境，存儲劃分的LUN是經過一臺iSCSI服務器模擬的，下面是服務端主要配置信息：app

o- / ......................................................................................................................... [...]
  o- backstores .............................................................................................................. [...]
  | o- block .................................................................................................. [Storage Objects: 8]
  | | o- disk1 ...................................................... [/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun1 (1.0GiB) write-thru activated]
  | | | o- alua ................................................................................................... [ALUA Groups: 1]
  | | |   o- default_tg_pt_gp ....................................................................... [ALUA state: Active/optimized]
  | | o- disk2 ...................................................... [/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun2 (1.0GiB) write-thru activated]
  | | | o- alua ................................................................................................... [ALUA Groups: 1]
  | | |   o- default_tg_pt_gp ....................................................................... [ALUA state: Active/optimized]
  | | o- disk3 ...................................................... [/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun3 (1.0GiB) write-thru activated]
  | | | o- alua ................................................................................................... [ALUA Groups: 1]
  | | |   o- default_tg_pt_gp ....................................................................... [ALUA state: Active/optimized]
  | | o- disk4 ..................................................... [/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun4 (40.0GiB) write-thru activated]
  | | | o- alua ................................................................................................... [ALUA Groups: 1]
  | | |   o- default_tg_pt_gp ....................................................................... [ALUA state: Active/optimized]
  | | o- disk5 ..................................................... [/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun5 (10.0GiB) write-thru activated]
  | | | o- alua ................................................................................................... [ALUA Groups: 1]
  | | |   o- default_tg_pt_gp ....................................................................... [ALUA state: Active/optimized]
  | | o- disk6 ..................................................... [/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun6 (10.0GiB) write-thru activated]
  | | | o- alua ................................................................................................... [ALUA Groups: 1]
  | | |   o- default_tg_pt_gp ....................................................................... [ALUA state: Active/optimized]
  | | o- disk7 ..................................................... [/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun7 (10.0GiB) write-thru activated]
  | | | o- alua ................................................................................................... [ALUA Groups: 1]
  | | |   o- default_tg_pt_gp ....................................................................... [ALUA state: Active/optimized]
  | | o- disk8 ..................................................... [/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun8 (16.0GiB) write-thru activated]
  | |   o- alua ................................................................................................... [ALUA Groups: 1]
  | |     o- default_tg_pt_gp ....................................................................... [ALUA state: Active/optimized]
  | o- fileio ................................................................................................. [Storage Objects: 0]
  | o- pscsi .................................................................................................. [Storage Objects: 0]
  | o- ramdisk ................................................................................................ [Storage Objects: 0]
  o- iscsi ............................................................................................................ [Targets: 1]
  | o- iqn.2003-01.org.linux-iscsi.storage-c.x8664:sn.bc3a6511567c ....................................................... [TPGs: 1]
  |   o- tpg1 ............................................................................................... [no-gen-acls, no-auth]
  |     o- acls .......................................................................................................... [ACLs: 1]
  |     | o- iqn.2003-01.org.linux-iscsi.storage-c.x8664:sn.bc3a6511567c:client ................................... [Mapped LUNs: 8]
  |     |   o- mapped_lun0 ................................................................................. [lun0 block/disk1 (rw)]
  |     |   o- mapped_lun1 ................................................................................. [lun1 block/disk2 (rw)]
  |     |   o- mapped_lun2 ................................................................................. [lun2 block/disk3 (rw)]
  |     |   o- mapped_lun3 ................................................................................. [lun3 block/disk4 (rw)]
  |     |   o- mapped_lun4 ................................................................................. [lun4 block/disk5 (rw)]
  |     |   o- mapped_lun5 ................................................................................. [lun5 block/disk6 (rw)]
  |     |   o- mapped_lun6 ................................................................................. [lun6 block/disk7 (rw)]
  |     |   o- mapped_lun7 ................................................................................. [lun7 block/disk8 (rw)]
  |     o- luns .......................................................................................................... [LUNs: 8]
  |     | o- lun0 ................................................ [block/disk1 (/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun1) (default_tg_pt_gp)]
  |     | o- lun1 ................................................ [block/disk2 (/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun2) (default_tg_pt_gp)]
  |     | o- lun2 ................................................ [block/disk3 (/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun3) (default_tg_pt_gp)]
  |     | o- lun3 ................................................ [block/disk4 (/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun4) (default_tg_pt_gp)]
  |     | o- lun4 ................................................ [block/disk5 (/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun5) (default_tg_pt_gp)]
  |     | o- lun5 ................................................ [block/disk6 (/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun6) (default_tg_pt_gp)]
  |     | o- lun6 ................................................ [block/disk7 (/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun7) (default_tg_pt_gp)]
  |     | o- lun7 ................................................ [block/disk8 (/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun8) (default_tg_pt_gp)]
  |     o- portals .................................................................................................... [Portals: 1]
  |       o- 0.0.0.0:3260 ..................................................................................................... [OK]
  o- loopback ......................................................................................................... [Targets: 0]
/>

關於這部分相關的知識點能夠參考以前的文章：oop

關於udev + multipath 的最簡配置(可在後續建立用戶後操做)：測試

# vi /etc/udev/rules.d/12-dm-permissions.rules
ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-?*", OWNER:="grid", GROUP:="asmadmin", MODE:="660"
# udevadm control --reload
# udevadm trigger

<h2 id="1.4">1.4 網絡規範分配</h2> 公有網絡 以及 私有網絡。 公有網絡：這裏實驗環境是enp0s3是public IP，enp0s8是private IP，enp0s9和enp0s10是用於模擬IPSAN的兩條網絡。實際生產需根據實際狀況調整規劃。lua

<h1 id="2">2、安裝前期準備工做</h1>

<h2 id="2.1">2.1 各節點系統時間校對</h2> 各節點系統時間校對:

--檢驗時間和時區確認正確
date 

--關閉chrony服務，移除chrony配置文件（後續使用ctss）
systemctl list-unit-files|grep chronyd
systemctl status chronyd

systemctl disable chronyd
systemctl stop chronyd

mv /etc/chrony.conf /etc/chrony.conf_bak

這裏實驗環境，選擇不使用NTP和chrony，這樣Oracle會自動使用本身的ctss服務。

<h2 id="2.2">2.2 各節點關閉防火牆和SELinux</h2>各節點關閉防火牆:

systemctl list-unit-files|grep firewalld
systemctl status firewalld

systemctl disable firewalld
systemctl stop firewalld

各節點關閉SELinux:

getenforce
cat /etc/selinux/config

手工修改/etc/selinux/config SELINUX=disabled，或使用下面命令：
sed -i '/^SELINUX=.*/ s//SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0

最後覈實各節點已經關閉SELinux便可。

<h2 id="2.3">2.3 各節點檢查系統依賴包安裝狀況</h2>

yum install -y oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall.x86_64

在OEL7.5中仍是12cR2-preinstall的名字，並無對應18c的，但實際測試，在依賴包方面基本沒區別。 若是選用的是其餘Linux，好比經常使用的RHEL，那就須要yum安裝官方文檔要求的依賴包了。

<h2 id="2.4">2.4 各節點配置/etc/hosts</h2>編輯/etc/hosts文件：

#public ip
192.168.1.40  db40
192.168.1.42  db42
#virtual ip
192.168.1.41  db40-vip
192.168.1.43  db42-vip
#scan ip
192.168.1.44  db18c-scan

#private ip
10.10.1.40    db40-priv
10.10.1.42    db42-priv

<h2 id="2.5">2.5 各節點建立須要的用戶和組</h2> 建立group & user，給oracle、grid設置密碼：

groupadd -g 54321 oinstall  
groupadd -g 54322 dba  
groupadd -g 54323 oper  
groupadd -g 54324 backupdba  
groupadd -g 54325 dgdba  
groupadd -g 54326 kmdba  
groupadd -g 54327 asmdba  
groupadd -g 54328 asmoper  
groupadd -g 54329 asmadmin  
groupadd -g 54330 racdba  
  
useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba,oper oracle  
useradd -u 54322 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dba grid  

echo oracle | passwd --stdin oracle
echo oracle | passwd --stdin grid

我這裏測試環境設置密碼都是oracle，實際生產環境建議設置符合規範的複雜密碼。

<h2 id="2.6">2.6 各節點建立安裝目錄</h2>各節點建立安裝目錄(root用戶)：

mkdir -p /u01/app/18.3.0/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01
chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01/

<h2 id="2.7">2.7 各節點系統配置文件修改</h2> 內核參數修改：vi /etc/sysctl.conf 實際上OEL在安裝依賴包的時候也同時修改了這些值，如下參數主要是覈對或是對RHEL版本做爲參考：

# vi /etc/sysctl.conf  增長以下內容：

vm.swappiness = 1
vm.dirty_background_ratio = 3
vm.dirty_ratio = 80
vm.dirty_expire_centisecs = 500
vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs = 100
kernel.shmmni = 4096  
kernel.shmall = 1073741824  
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.ipv4.conf.enp0s8.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.enp0s9.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.enp0s10.rp_filter = 2

修改生效：

#sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.conf

注：enp0s9和enp0s10是IPSAN專用的網卡，跟私網同樣設置loose mode。

#sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/98-oracle.conf
net.ipv4.conf.enp0s8.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.enp0s9.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.enp0s10.rp_filter = 2

用戶shell的限制：vi /etc/security/limits.d/99-grid-oracle-limits.conf

oracle soft nproc 16384
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
grid soft nproc 16384
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 1024
grid hard nofile 65536
grid soft stack 10240
grid hard stack 32768

這裏須要注意OEL自動配置的 /etc/security/limits.d/oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall.conf 並不包含grid用戶的，能夠手工加上。

vi /etc/profile.d/oracle-grid.sh

#Setting the appropriate ulimits for oracle and grid user
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
 if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
 ulimit -u 16384 
 ulimit -n 65536
 else
 ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
 fi
fi
if [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
 if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
 ulimit -u 16384
 ulimit -n 65536
 else
 ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
 fi
fi

這個OEL中也沒有自動配置，須要手工配置。

<h2 id="2.8">2.8 各節點設置用戶的環境變量</h2>

第1個節點grid用戶：

export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1;
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid;
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/18.3.0/grid;
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH;
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;

第2個節點grid用戶：

export ORACLE_SID=+ASM2;
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid;
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/18.3.0/grid;
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH;
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;

第1個節點oracle用戶：

export ORACLE_SID=cdb1;
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle;
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/18.3.0/db_1;
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH;
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;

第2個節點oracle用戶：

export ORACLE_SID=cdb2;
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle;
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/18.3.0/db_1;
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH;
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;
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