26.用Django-Registration-Redux進行用戶校驗 css
Django中,有好多現成的應用提供了註冊、登陸、校驗等功能,咱們只要稍稍改動一下URL映射、視圖和模板就可使用它們。在這一章,咱們將介紹用Django-Registration-Redux,順便學習一下如何把外部的應用加到咱們的項目中。html
(1)安裝Django-Registration-Reduxhtml5
在Dos命令提示符下轉到Python的Scripts文件夾,而後運行以下命令:jquery
pip install django-registration-redux
正確安裝的話會你看到「Successfully installed django-registration-redux」這樣的提示。ajax
(2)配置django
打開settings.py文件,將INSTALLED_APPS改成:redux
rangoproject/settings.py:bootstrap
INSTALLED_APPS = ( 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'rango', 'registration', # add in the registration package )
同時在settings.py文件尾部加入如下內容:api
rangoproject/settings.py:瀏覽器
REGISTRATION_OPEN = True # 此項設置爲True,用戶方能註冊 ACCOUNT_ACTIVATION_DAYS = 7 REGISTRATION_AUTO_LOGIN = True # 此項設置爲True,用戶能夠自動登陸 LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = '/rango/' # 用戶登陸後轉向的頁面 LOGIN_URL = '/accounts/login/' # 用戶未成功登陸時轉向的頁面
(3)修改URL映射
修改rangoproject下的urls.py文件,改爲下面這樣:
rangoproject/urls.py:
urlpatterns = patterns('', url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), url(r'^rango/', include('rango.urls')), url(r'^accounts/', include('registration.backends.simple.urls')), )
(4)設置模板
咱們先來作登陸模板.咱們在templates下面新建一個叫registration的文件夾,下面說到的這些模板都放在這裏。在這個文件夾下新建一個叫login.html的文件,加入以下內容:
templates/registration/login.html:
{% extends "base.html" %} {% block body_block %} <h1>登陸</h1> <form method="post" action="."> {% csrf_token %} ` form`.`as_p ` <input type="submit" value="登陸" /> <input type="hidden" name="next" value="` next `" /> </form> <p>還不是會員? <a href="{% url 'registration_register' %}">Register</a>!</p> {% endblock %}
接着咱們來作註冊模板,在registration文件夾下新建一個叫registration_form.html的文件,加入以下內容:
templates/registration/registration_form.html:
{% extends "base.html" %} {% block body_block %} <h1>註冊</h1> <form method="post" action="."> {% csrf_token %} ` form`.`as_p ` <input type="submit" value="提交" /> </form> {% endblock %}
咱們接下來作註冊完成模板,在registration文件夾下新建一個叫registration_complete.html的文件,加入以下內容:
templates/registration/registration_complete.html:
{% extends "base.html" %} {% block body_block %} <h1>註冊成功</h1> <p>您已成功註冊!</p> {% endblock %}
而後是註銷模板,在registration文件夾下新建一個叫logout.html的文件,加入以下內容:
templates/registration/logout.html:
{% extends "base.html" %} {% block body_block %} <h1>註銷</h1> <p>您已退出當前登陸.</p> {% endblock %}
準備好上面這些,咱們能夠開始體驗了。在瀏覽器地址欄中輸入「http://127.0.0.1/accounts/register」,感覺一下全新的註冊、登陸、註銷流程吧!
(5)修改連接
最後咱們要調整一下base.html中的相關連接:
注意在註銷連接中,咱們加了一句」?next=/rango/"「,它的做用是在用戶註銷後,將其引導回Rango首頁。
(6)修改註冊流程
在當前的設置中,當用戶完成註冊時,程序會將其引導到」註冊成功「頁面。這樣作感受傻傻的,因此,咱們來調整一***冊流程。
咱們來重寫一下」registration.backends.simple.views「提供的RegistrationView。
修改rangoproject下的urls.py文件,改爲下面這樣:
rangoproject/urls.py:
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url from django.contrib import admin from registration.backends.simple.views import RegistrationView # 建立一個新類,用來在用戶登陸成功時引導他回首頁 class MyRegistrationView(RegistrationView): def get_success_url(selfself,request, user): return '/rango/' urlpatterns = patterns('', url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), url(r'^rango/', include('rango.urls')), url(r'^accounts/register/$', MyRegistrationView.as_view(), name='registration_register'), url(r'^accounts/', include('registration.backends.simple.urls')), )
27.美化Django
在這一節,咱們將講解如何用Twitter Bootstrap toolkit來美化Django,咱們不會講Bootstrap背後的工做原理,而且,在講解時咱們會假定你對CSS有必定的瞭解。若是你歷來沒接觸過CSS,甚至連CSS是什麼都不知道,趕忙找度娘去惡補一下CSS的基礎知識吧。
要學會使用Bootstrap,你能夠訪問Bootstrap的官方網站(http://getbootstrap.com/),那裏有一些例子能夠學習。從這個網站能夠看一些佈局的範例(http://getbootstrap.com/getting-started/#examples)。好比咱們參考下面這個範例來設計Rango的樣式(http://getbootstrap.com/examples/dashboard/)。
咱們能夠直接將上面這個dashboard的頁面源代碼拿過來修改爲base.html,具體改動的內容以下:
改好後的base.html會是下面這個樣子:
templates/base.html:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content=" initial-scale=1"> <meta name="description" content=""> <meta name="author" content=""> <link rel="icon" href="http://getbootstrap.com/favicon.ico"> <title>Rango - {% block title %}實戰Django!{% endblock %}</title> <link href="http://getbootstrap.com/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="http://getbootstrap.com/examples/dashboard/dashboard.css" rel="stylesheet"> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script> <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script> <![endif]--> </head> <body> <div class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top" role="navigation"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="/rango/">Rango</a> </div> <div class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li><a href="{% url 'index' %}">首頁</a></li> {% if user.is_authenticated %} <li><a href="{% url 'restricted' %}">限制頁面</a></li> <li><a href="{% url 'auth_logout' %}?next=/rango/">註銷</a></li> <li><a href="{% url 'add_category' %}">新建分類</a></li> {% else %} <li><a href="{% url 'registration_register' %}"> 註冊</a></li> <li><a href="{% url 'auth_login' %}">登陸</a></li> {% endif %} <li><a href="{% url 'about' %}">關於</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 sidebar"> {% block side_block %}{% endblock %} </div> <div class="col-sm-9 col-sm-offset-3 col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 main"> <div> {% block body_block %}{% endblock %} </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Bootstrap core JavaScript ================================================== --> <!-- Placed at the end of the document so the pages load faster --> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="http://getbootstrap.com/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script src="http://getbootstrap.com/assets/js/docs.min.js"></script> <!-- IE10 viewport hack for Surface/desktop Windows 8 bug --> <script src="http://getbootstrap.com/assets/js/ie10-viewport-bug-workaround.js"></script> </body> </html>
有了這個基礎模板,咱們能夠將這個新樣式快速應用到其它模板中,好比咱們來調整」關於「頁面的模板:
templates/rango/about.html:
{% extends 'base.html' %} {% load staticfiles %} {% block title %}About{% endblock %} {% block body_block %} <div class="page-header"> <h1>關於Rango</h1> </div> <div> <p>歡迎訪問Rango!</p> <p>點擊這裏返回<a href="{% url 'index' %}">首頁</a>。</p> <p>這是一張Rango的圖片!</p> <img width="300" src="{% static "rango.jpg" %}" alt="Rango" /> </div> {% endblock %}
接下來,讓咱們來搞定首頁。
templates/rango/index.html:
{% extends 'base.html' %} {% load staticfiles %} {% block title %}Index{% endblock %} {% block body_block %} {% if user.is_authenticated %} <div class="page-header"> <h1>` user`.`username `,歡迎來到Rango!</h1> {% else %} <h1>歡迎來到Rango!</h1> {% endif %} </div> <div class="panel panel-primary"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-title">分類</h3> </div> {% if categories %} <ul class="list-group"> {% for category in categories %} <li class="list-group-item"><a href="{% url 'category' category.slug %}">` category`.`name `</a></li> {% endfor %} </ul> {% else %} <strong>目前尚未可用分類。</strong> {% endif %} </div> <div class="panel panel-primary"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-title">頁面</h3> </div> {% if pages %} <ul class="list-group"> {% for page in pages %} <li class="list-group-item"><a href="`page`.`url`">` page`.`title `</a></li> {% endfor %} </ul> {% else %} <strong>目前尚未可用頁面。</strong> {% endif %} </div> </div> <p> 訪問數: ` visits `</p> {% endblock %}
接下來咱們來搞定登陸頁面。在Bootstrap,他們已經有一個很是不錯的登陸例子(http://getbootstrap.com/examples/signin/),咱們能夠參照這個例子來改寫登陸模板:
templates/registration/login.html:
{% extends "base.html" %} {% block body_block %} <link href="http://getbootstrap.com/examples/signin/signin.css" rel="stylesheet"> <form class="form-signin" role="form" method="post" action="."> {% csrf_token %} <h2 class="form-signin-heading">請登陸</h2> <input class="form-control" placeholder="用戶名" id="id_username" maxlength="254" name="username" type="text" required autofocus=""/> <input type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="密碼" id="id_password" name="password" type="password" required /> <button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit" value="Submit" />登陸</button> </form> {% endblock %}
註冊頁面一樣須要美化。編輯registration_form.html,改爲下面這樣:
templates/registration/registration_form.html:
{% extends "base.html" %} {% block body_block %} <form role="form" method="post" action="."> {% csrf_token %} <h2 class="form-signin-heading">註冊</h2> <div class="form-group" > <p class="required"> <label for="id_username">用戶名:</label></p> <p><input class="form-control-static" size="28" id="id_username" maxlength="30" name="username" type="text" placeholder="請輸入用戶名"/></p> </div> <div class="form-group"> <p class="required"><label for="id_email">E-mail:</label></p> <p><input class="form-control-static" size="28" id="id_email" name="email" type="email" placeholder="請輸入郵箱" /></p> </div> <div class="form-group"> <p class="required"><label for="id_password1">密碼:</label></p> <p><input class="form-control-static" size="28" id="id_password1" name="password1" type="password" placeholder="請輸入密碼" /></p> </div> <div class="form-group"> <p class="required"><label for="id_password2">密碼 (確認):</label></p> <p><input class="form-control-static" size="28" id="id_password2" name="password2" type="password" placeholder="請再次輸入密碼" /></p> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">提交</button> </form> {% endblock %}
再來看看其它的頁面,好比「新建頁面」模板,能夠改爲這樣:
templates/rango/add_page.html:
{% extends 'base.html' %} {% block title %}添加頁面{% endblock %} {% block body_block %} {% if category %} <form role="form" id="page_form" method="post" action="/rango/category/`category`.`slug`/add_page/"> <h2 class="form-signin-heading">添加頁面到 <a href="/rango/category/`category`.`slug`/"> ` category`.`name `</a></h2> {% csrf_token %} {% for hidden in form.hidden_fields %} ` hidden ` {% endfor %} {% for field in form.visible_fields %} ` field`.`errors ` ` field`.`help_text `<br/> ` field `<br/> {% endfor %} <br/> <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit" name="submit">建立頁面</button> </form> {% else %} <p>此分類不存在.</p> {% endif %} {% endblock %}
咱們能夠用一樣的方式來修改「新建分類」模板。剩下那些模板的調整,就由你本身來完成吧!
【未完待續】