CentOS yum配置

1、yum 安裝ubuntu

CentOS 默認已經安裝了yum,不須要另外安裝,這裏爲了實驗目的,先將yum 卸載再從新安裝。centos

一、查看系統默認安裝的yum服務器

# rpm -qa|grep yumless

 

二、卸載yum測試

# rpm -e yum-fastestmirror-1.1.16-14.el5.centos.1 yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-3.el5.centos yum-3.2.22-33.el5.centosthis

三、從新安裝yumurl

這裏能夠經過wget 從網上下載相關包安裝,也能夠掛載系統安裝光盤進行安裝,這裏選擇掛載系統安裝光盤進行安裝。spa

# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom/blog

# rpm -ivh yum-3.2.22-33.el5.centos.noarch.rpm yum-fastestmirror-1.1.16-14.el5.centos.1.noarch.rpm yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-3.el5.centos.i386.rpmrem

# yum -v

yum 的基礎安裝包包括:

  • yum  //RPM installer/updater
  • yum-fastestmirror  //Yum plugin which chooses fastest repository from a mirrorlist
  • yum-metadata-parser  //A fast metadata parser for yum

其餘安裝包根據本身須要安裝。

2、yum 配置

yum 的配置文件分爲兩部分:main 和repository

  • main 部分定義了全局配置選項,整個yum 配置文件應該只有一個main。常位於/etc/yum.conf 中。
  • repository 部分定義了每一個源/服務器的具體配置,能夠有一到多個。常位於/etc/yum.repo.d 目錄下的各文件中。

yum.conf 文件通常位於/etc目錄下,通常其中只包含main部分的配置選項。

# cat /etc/yum.conf

配置國內yum源

系統默認的yum 源速度每每不盡人意,爲了達到快速安裝的目的,在這裏修改yum源爲國內源。

上海交通大學yum源: http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos

能夠點擊這個網址,而後找到你要安裝的包:

這裏尋找你要的包, 
1,選centos 
2,選擇系統版本7.3.1611/ 
3,選擇包類型(系統) os/ 
4,系統位數 x86_64/ 
5,包 Packages/ 
6,ctrl+f 搜索yum 

七、yum的安裝須要:

yum-plugin-fastestmirror 
yum-updateonboot 
yum-utils 
yum-metadata-parser 
yum-3.4.3-150.el7

如須要安裝yum包,能夠用命令: (centos 7  全部版本的安裝包都在centos/7/os 目錄下面,而不是在 centos/7.XXX/下面)

[root@localhost]#wget http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-40.el7.noarch.rpm

[root@localhost]#wget http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-40.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost]#wget http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-utils-1.1.31-40.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost]#wget http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost]#wget http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-150.el7.centos.noarch.rpm

配置yum源

a. 修改/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo爲

#released updates 
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

關於變量

  • $releasever:表明發行版的版本,從[main]部分的distroverpkg獲取,若是沒有,則根據redhat-release包進行判斷。
  • $arch:cpu體系,如i686,athlon等
  • $basearch:cpu的基本體系組,如i686和athlon同屬i386,alpha和alphaev6同屬alpha。

清理以前源,保證只有一個配置文件

[root@localhost]# yum clean all
[root@localhost]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS-Base.repo

安裝你須要的軟件測試是否正常使用

 

其餘國內yum源列表以下:

1. 企業貢獻:
搜狐開源鏡像站:http://mirrors.sohu.com/
網易開源鏡像站:http://mirrors.163.com/

2. 大學教學:
北京理工大學:
http://mirror.bit.edu.cn (IPv4 only)
http://mirror.bit6.edu.cn (IPv6 only)
北京交通大學:
http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn (IPv4 only)
http://mirror6.bjtu.edu.cn (IPv6 only)
http://debian.bjtu.edu.cn (IPv4+IPv6)
蘭州大學:http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/
廈門大學:http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/
清華大學:
http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ (IPv4+IPv6)
http://mirrors.6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ (IPv6 only)
http://mirrors.4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ (IPv4 only)
天津大學:http://mirror.tju.edu.cn/
中國科學技術大學:
http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ (IPv4+IPv6)
http://mirrors4.ustc.edu.cn/
http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/
東北大學:
http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ (IPv4 only)
http://mirror.neu6.edu.cn/ (IPv6 only)
電子科技大學:http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/

備註:

我這裏在Centos7.3.1611上配置yum源,測試可使用的配置:

# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#

[base]
name=CentOS-centos/7 - Base
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=centos/7&arch=$basearch&repo=os
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#released updates 
[updates]
name=CentOS-centos/7 - Updates
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=centos/7&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-centos/7 - Extras
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=centos/7&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-centos/7 - Plus
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=centos/7&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-centos/7 - Contrib
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=centos/7&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
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