MBR分區表的備份與還原

MBR分區表的備份與還原

MBR分區的存儲

從下圖能夠看出，MBR分區前446字節是boot loader；接下來64字節是分區表；再而後就是三個主分區加一個拓展分區。

1、備份分區表，要跳過前446字節

# 使用dd備份sda的分區表，跳過前446字節
[root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/sda of=./partition bs=1 count=64 skip=446
64+0 records in
64+0 records out
64 bytes (64 B) copied, 0.000353636 s, 181 kB/s
# 使用16進制查看備份的內容
[root@localhost ~]# hexdump -C partition 
00000000  80 20 21 00 83 aa 28 82  00 08 00 00 00 00 20 00  |. !...(....... .|
00000010  00 aa 29 82 8e fe ff ff  00 08 20 00 00 f8 df 18  |..)....... .....|
00000020  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
00000040
# 查看硬盤的前512字節，和上面對比下，確保沒搞錯
[root@localhost ~]# hexdump -C /dev/sda -n 512
00000000  eb 63 90 10 8e d0 bc 00  b0 b8 00 00 8e d8 8e c0  |.c..............|
00000010  fb be 00 7c bf 00 06 b9  00 02 f3 a4 ea 21 06 00  |...|.........!..|
00000020  00 be be 07 38 04 75 0b  83 c6 10 81 fe fe 07 75  |....8.u........u|
00000030  f3 eb 16 b4 02 b0 01 bb  00 7c b2 80 8a 74 01 8b  |.........|...t..|
00000040  4c 02 cd 13 ea 00 7c 00  00 eb fe 00 00 00 00 00  |L.....|.........|
00000050  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 80 01 00 00 00  |................|
00000060  00 00 00 00 ff fa 90 90  f6 c2 80 74 05 f6 c2 70  |...........t...p|
00000070  74 02 b2 80 ea 79 7c 00  00 31 c0 8e d8 8e d0 bc  |t....y|..1......|
00000080  00 20 fb a0 64 7c 3c ff  74 02 88 c2 52 be 05 7c  |. ..d|<.t...R..||
00000090  b4 41 bb aa 55 cd 13 5a  52 72 3d 81 fb 55 aa 75  |.A..U..ZRr=..U.u|
000000a0  37 83 e1 01 74 32 31 c0  89 44 04 40 88 44 ff 89  |7...t21..D.@.D..|
000000b0  44 02 c7 04 10 00 66 8b  1e 5c 7c 66 89 5c 08 66  |D.....f..\|f.\.f|
000000c0  8b 1e 60 7c 66 89 5c 0c  c7 44 06 00 70 b4 42 cd  |..`|f.\..D..p.B.|
000000d0  13 72 05 bb 00 70 eb 76  b4 08 cd 13 73 0d 5a 84  |.r...p.v....s.Z.|
000000e0  d2 0f 83 de 00 be 85 7d  e9 82 00 66 0f b6 c6 88  |.......}...f....|
000000f0  64 ff 40 66 89 44 04 0f  b6 d1 c1 e2 02 88 e8 88  |d.@f.D..........|
00000100  f4 40 89 44 08 0f b6 c2  c0 e8 02 66 89 04 66 a1  |.@.D.......f..f.|
00000110  60 7c 66 09 c0 75 4e 66  a1 5c 7c 66 31 d2 66 f7  |`|f..uNf.\|f1.f.|
00000120  34 88 d1 31 d2 66 f7 74  04 3b 44 08 7d 37 fe c1  |4..1.f.t.;D.}7..|
00000130  88 c5 30 c0 c1 e8 02 08  c1 88 d0 5a 88 c6 bb 00  |..0........Z....|
00000140  70 8e c3 31 db b8 01 02  cd 13 72 1e 8c c3 60 1e  |p..1......r...`.|
00000150  b9 00 01 8e db 31 f6 bf  00 80 8e c6 fc f3 a5 1f  |.....1..........|
00000160  61 ff 26 5a 7c be 80 7d  eb 03 be 8f 7d e8 34 00  |a.&Z|..}....}.4.|
00000170  be 94 7d e8 2e 00 cd 18  eb fe 47 52 55 42 20 00  |..}.......GRUB .|
00000180  47 65 6f 6d 00 48 61 72  64 20 44 69 73 6b 00 52  |Geom.Hard Disk.R|
00000190  65 61 64 00 20 45 72 72  6f 72 0d 0a 00 bb 01 00  |ead. Error......|
000001a0  b4 0e cd 10 ac 3c 00 75  f4 c3 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.....<.u........|
000001b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  fc 9c 0b 00 00 00 80 20  |............... |
000001c0  21 00 83 aa 28 82 00 08  00 00 00 00 20 00 00 aa  |!...(....... ...|
000001d0  29 82 8e fe ff ff 00 08  20 00 00 f8 df 18 00 00  |)....... .......|
000001e0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000001f0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa  |..............U.|
00000200

2、發送分區表到另外一個機器上（雞蛋要放在不一樣的籃子裏）

[root@centos7 data]# scp root@192.168.38.137:/root/partition .
root@192.168.38.137's password: 
partition                                                                           100%   64    60.0KB/s   00:00    
[root@centos7 data]# hexdump -C partition 
00000000  80 20 21 00 83 aa 28 82  00 08 00 00 00 00 20 00  |. !...(....... .|
00000010  00 aa 29 82 8e fe ff ff  00 08 20 00 00 f8 df 18  |..)....... .....|
00000020  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
00000040

3、使用zero設備抹掉sda的分區表，要跳過前446字節，前446字節是bootloder

bootloader都長得差很少，能夠從同一批機器裏恢復，若是抹掉了的話分區表不行

[root@centos7 data]# dd --help
  seek=N          skip N obs-sized blocks at start of output
  skip=N          skip N ibs-sized blocks at start of input
# 使用zero設備抹掉sda的分區表
[root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=1 count=64 seek=446
64+0 records in
64+0 records out
64 bytes (64 B) copied, 0.000603535 s, 106 kB/s
# 查看下sda的分區表
[root@localhost ~]# hexdump -C /dev/sda -n 512
00000000  eb 63 90 10 8e d0 bc 00  b0 b8 00 00 8e d8 8e c0  |.c..............|
00000010  fb be 00 7c bf 00 06 b9  00 02 f3 a4 ea 21 06 00  |...|.........!..|
00000020  00 be be 07 38 04 75 0b  83 c6 10 81 fe fe 07 75  |....8.u........u|
00000030  f3 eb 16 b4 02 b0 01 bb  00 7c b2 80 8a 74 01 8b  |.........|...t..|
00000040  4c 02 cd 13 ea 00 7c 00  00 eb fe 00 00 00 00 00  |L.....|.........|
00000050  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 80 01 00 00 00  |................|
00000060  00 00 00 00 ff fa 90 90  f6 c2 80 74 05 f6 c2 70  |...........t...p|
00000070  74 02 b2 80 ea 79 7c 00  00 31 c0 8e d8 8e d0 bc  |t....y|..1......|
00000080  00 20 fb a0 64 7c 3c ff  74 02 88 c2 52 be 05 7c  |. ..d|<.t...R..||
00000090  b4 41 bb aa 55 cd 13 5a  52 72 3d 81 fb 55 aa 75  |.A..U..ZRr=..U.u|
000000a0  37 83 e1 01 74 32 31 c0  89 44 04 40 88 44 ff 89  |7...t21..D.@.D..|
000000b0  44 02 c7 04 10 00 66 8b  1e 5c 7c 66 89 5c 08 66  |D.....f..\|f.\.f|
000000c0  8b 1e 60 7c 66 89 5c 0c  c7 44 06 00 70 b4 42 cd  |..`|f.\..D..p.B.|
000000d0  13 72 05 bb 00 70 eb 76  b4 08 cd 13 73 0d 5a 84  |.r...p.v....s.Z.|
000000e0  d2 0f 83 de 00 be 85 7d  e9 82 00 66 0f b6 c6 88  |.......}...f....|
000000f0  64 ff 40 66 89 44 04 0f  b6 d1 c1 e2 02 88 e8 88  |d.@f.D..........|
00000100  f4 40 89 44 08 0f b6 c2  c0 e8 02 66 89 04 66 a1  |.@.D.......f..f.|
00000110  60 7c 66 09 c0 75 4e 66  a1 5c 7c 66 31 d2 66 f7  |`|f..uNf.\|f1.f.|
00000120  34 88 d1 31 d2 66 f7 74  04 3b 44 08 7d 37 fe c1  |4..1.f.t.;D.}7..|
00000130  88 c5 30 c0 c1 e8 02 08  c1 88 d0 5a 88 c6 bb 00  |..0........Z....|
00000140  70 8e c3 31 db b8 01 02  cd 13 72 1e 8c c3 60 1e  |p..1......r...`.|
00000150  b9 00 01 8e db 31 f6 bf  00 80 8e c6 fc f3 a5 1f  |.....1..........|
00000160  61 ff 26 5a 7c be 80 7d  eb 03 be 8f 7d e8 34 00  |a.&Z|..}....}.4.|
00000170  be 94 7d e8 2e 00 cd 18  eb fe 47 52 55 42 20 00  |..}.......GRUB .|
00000180  47 65 6f 6d 00 48 61 72  64 20 44 69 73 6b 00 52  |Geom.Hard Disk.R|
00000190  65 61 64 00 20 45 72 72  6f 72 0d 0a 00 bb 01 00  |ead. Error......|
000001a0  b4 0e cd 10 ac 3c 00 75  f4 c3 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.....<.u........|
000001b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  fc 9c 0b 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000001c0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
000001f0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa  |..............U.|
00000200

此時服務器一關機就開不了了：

4、光盤啓動開始救援

能夠參考這篇文章進入救援界面：http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-subywsup-kh.html

4.一、此時的救援模式沒網，須要手動配個Ip把分區表scp過來

沒網

臨時手動配個IP,把分區表scp過來

sh-4.2# ifconfig ens33 192.168.38.138 netmask 255.255.255.0
sh-4.2# scp 192.168.38.128:/data/partition .

4.二、lsblk查看下系統的硬盤名字，看到是sda

sh-4.2# lsblk

4.三、使用dd命令恢復，要跳過前446字節

sh-4.2# dd if=partition of=/dev/sda bs=1 count=64 seek=446

4.四、查看下sda的前512字節

sh-4.2# hexdump -C /dev/sda -n 512

4.五、exit重啓

sh-4.2# exit

5、救援成功