python接口自動化測試(四)-Cookie&Sessinon

　　掌握了前面幾節的的內容，就能夠作一些簡單的http協議接口的請求發送了，可是這些還不夠。HTTP協議是一個無狀態的應用層協議，也就是說先後兩次請求是沒有任何關係的，那若是咱們測試的接口以前有相互依賴關係怎麼辦呢（好比我要在博客園發文章，是須要先登陸的），這時咱們就要用到cookie和session技術來保持客戶端與服務器端鏈接的狀態，這也就是本節要介紹的內容：

 

1、Cookie:

一、獲取cookie:

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
#獲取cookie
import requests
import json

url = "https://www.baidu.com/"
r = requests.get(url)

#將RequestsCookieJar轉換成字典
c = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(r.cookies)

print r.cookies
print c

for a in r.cookies:
    print a.name,a.value

輸出：

<RequestsCookieJar[<Cookie BDORZ=27315 for .baidu.com/>]>
{'BDORZ': '27315'}
BDORZ 27315

 

2、發送cookie:

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
#發送cookie到服務器
import requests
import json

host = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "cookies"

url = ''.join([host,endpoint])
#方法一：簡單發送
# cookies = {"aaa":"bbb"}
# r = requests.get(url,cookies=cookies)
# print r.text

#方法二：複雜發送
s = requests.session()
c = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()
c.set('c-name','c-value',path='/xxx/uuu',domain='.test.com')
s.cookies.update(c)

 

 

2、Session

一、保持會話同步：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
import json

host = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "cookies"

url = ''.join([host,endpoint])
url1 = "http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/sessioncookie/123456789"

r = requests.get(url)
print r.text

print "------"


s = requests.session()    #初始化一個session對象
s.get(url1)               #cookie的信息存在了session中
r = s.get(url)

print r.text

輸出：

{
  "cookies": {}
}

------
{
  "cookies": {
    "sessioncookie": "123456789"
  }
}

 

二、保存會話信息：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
import json

host = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "headers"

url = ''.join([host,endpoint])

header1 = {"testA":"AAA"}
header2 = {"testB":"BBB"}

s = requests.session()    #初始化一個session對象
s.headers.update(header1)   #已經存在於服務中的信息
r = s.get(url,headers=header2) #發送新的信息

print r.text

輸出：

{
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "*/*", 
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 
    "Connection": "close", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "Testa": "AAA", 
    "Testb": "BBB", 
    "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"
  }
}

 

三、刪除已存在的會話信息，保存爲None

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
import json

host = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "headers"

url = ''.join([host,endpoint])

header1 = {"testA":"AAA"}
header2 = {"testB":"BBB"}

s = requests.session()    #初始化一個session對象
s.headers.update(header1)   #已經存在於服務中的信息
r = s.get(url,headers=header2) #發送新的信息

print r.text

print '--------'

s.headers['testA'] = None   #刪除會話裏的信息testA
r1 = s.get(url,headers = header2)
print r1.text

{
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "*/*", 
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 
    "Connection": "close", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "Testa": "AAA", 
    "Testb": "BBB", 
    "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"
  }
}

--------
{
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "*/*", 
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 
    "Connection": "close", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "Testb": "BBB", 
    "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"
  }
}

 

四、提供默認數據：

s = requests.Session()
s.auth = ('user', 'pass')
s.headers.update({'x-test': 'true'})

# both 'x-test' and 'x-test2' are sent
s.get('http://httpbin.org/headers', headers={'x-test2': 'true'})

 

 

 

參考：

http://docs.python-requests.org/en/master/user/quickstart/#cookies

http://docs.python-requests.org/en/master/user/advanced/#session-objects