Grand Central Dispatch (GCD)是Apple開發的一個多核編程的解決方法。html
dispatch queue分紅如下三種:編程
1)運行在主線程的Main queue,經過dispatch_get_main_queue獲取。緩存
/*! * @function dispatch_get_main_queue * * @abstract * Returns the default queue that is bound to the main thread. * * @discussion * In order to invoke blocks submitted to the main queue, the application must * call dispatch_main(), NSApplicationMain(), or use a CFRunLoop on the main * thread. * * @result * Returns the main queue. This queue is created automatically on behalf of * the main thread before main() is called. */ __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING(__MAC_10_6,__IPHONE_4_0) DISPATCH_EXPORT struct dispatch_queue_s _dispatch_main_q; #define dispatch_get_main_queue() \ DISPATCH_GLOBAL_OBJECT(dispatch_queue_t, _dispatch_main_q)
能夠看出,dispatch_get_main_queue也是一種dispatch_queue_t。併發
2)並行隊列global dispatch queue,經過dispatch_get_global_queue獲取,由系統建立三個不一樣優先級的dispatch queue。並行隊列的執行順序與其加入隊列的順序相同。app
3)串行隊列serial queues通常用於按順序同步訪問,可建立任意數量的串行隊列,各個串行隊列之間是併發的。async
當想要任務按照某一個特定的順序執行時,串行隊列是頗有用的。串行隊列在同一個時間只執行一個任務。咱們可使用串行隊列代替鎖去保護共享的數據。和鎖不一樣,一個串行隊列能夠保證任務在一個可預知的順序下執行。ide
serial queues經過dispatch_queue_create建立,可使用函數dispatch_retain和dispatch_release去增長或者減小引用計數。函數
GCD的用法:oop
// 後臺執行: dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), ^{ // something }); // 主線程執行: dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{ // something }); // 一次性執行: static dispatch_once_t onceToken; dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{ // code to be executed once }); // 延遲2秒執行: double delayInSeconds = 2.0; dispatch_time_t popTime = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, delayInSeconds * NSEC_PER_SEC); dispatch_after(popTime, dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^(void){ // code to be executed on the main queue after delay }); // 自定義dispatch_queue_t dispatch_queue_t urls_queue = dispatch_queue_create("blog.devtang.com", NULL); dispatch_async(urls_queue, ^{ // your code }); dispatch_release(urls_queue); // 合併彙總結果 dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create(); dispatch_group_async(group, dispatch_get_global_queue(0,0), ^{ // 並行執行的線程一 }); dispatch_group_async(group, dispatch_get_global_queue(0,0), ^{ // 並行執行的線程二 }); dispatch_group_notify(group, dispatch_get_global_queue(0,0), ^{ // 彙總結果 });
一個應用GCD的例子:atom
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{ NSURL * url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.baidu.com"]; NSError * error; NSString * data = [NSString stringWithContentsOfURL:url encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&error]; if (data != nil) { dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{ NSLog(@"call back, the data is: %@", data); }); } else { NSLog(@"error when download:%@", error); } });
GCD的另外一個用處是可讓程序在後臺較長久的運行。
在沒有使用GCD時,當app被按home鍵退出後,app僅有最多5秒鐘的時候作一些保存或清理資源的工做。可是在使用GCD後,app最多有10分鐘的時間在後臺長久運行。這個時間能夠用來作清理本地緩存,發送統計數據等工做。
讓程序在後臺長久運行的示例代碼以下:
// AppDelegate.h文件 @property (assign, nonatomic) UIBackgroundTaskIdentifier backgroundUpdateTask; // AppDelegate.m文件 - (void)applicationDidEnterBackground:(UIApplication *)application { [self beingBackgroundUpdateTask]; // 在這裏加上你須要長久運行的代碼 [self endBackgroundUpdateTask]; } - (void)beingBackgroundUpdateTask { self.backgroundUpdateTask = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] beginBackgroundTaskWithExpirationHandler:^{ [self endBackgroundUpdateTask]; }]; } - (void)endBackgroundUpdateTask { [[UIApplication sharedApplication] endBackgroundTask: self.backgroundUpdateTask]; self.backgroundUpdateTask = UIBackgroundTaskInvalid; }