[TOC]php
Last-Modified: 2019年5月10日16:15:36git
在看了一些容器實現代碼後, 就手癢想要本身實現一個, 所以也就有了本文接下來的內容.github
首先, 實現的容器須要具備如下幾點特性:數組
本項目代碼由GitHub託管閉包
可以使用Composer進行安裝 composer require yjx/easy-di
composer
|-src |-Exception |-InstantiateException.php (實現Psr\Container\ContainerExceptionInterface) |-InvalidArgumentException.php (實現Psr\Container\ContainerExceptionInterface) |-UnknownIdentifierException.php (實現Psr\Container\NotFoundExceptionInterface) |-Container.php # 容器 |-tests |-UnitTest |-ContainerTest.php
代碼版本 v1.0.1
<?php namespace EasyDI; use EasyDI\Exception\UnknownIdentifierException; use EasyDI\Exception\InvalidArgumentException; use EasyDI\Exception\InstantiateException; use Psr\Container\ContainerExceptionInterface; use Psr\Container\ContainerInterface; use Psr\Container\NotFoundExceptionInterface; class Container implements ContainerInterface { /** * 保存 參數, 已實例化的對象 * @var array */ private $instance = []; private $shared = []; private $raw = []; private $params = []; /** * 保存 定義的 工廠等 * @var array */ private $binding = []; public function __construct() { $this->raw(ContainerInterface::class, $this); $this->raw(self::class, $this); } /** * Finds an entry of the container by its identifier and returns it. * * @param string $id Identifier of the entry to look for. * * @throws NotFoundExceptionInterface No entry was found for **this** identifier. * @throws ContainerExceptionInterface Error while retrieving the entry. * * @return mixed Entry. */ public function get($id, $parameters = [], $shared=false) { if (!$this->has($id)) { throw new UnknownIdentifierException($id); } if (array_key_exists($id, $this->raw)) { return $this->raw[$id]; } if (array_key_exists($id, $this->instance)) { return $this->instance[$id]; } $define = array_key_exists($id, $this->binding) ? $this->binding[$id] : $id; if ($define instanceof \Closure) { $instance = $this->call($define, $parameters); } else { // string $class = $define; $params = (empty($this->params[$id]) ? [] : $this->params[$id]) + $parameters; // Case: "\\xxx\\xxx"=>"abc" if ($id !== $class && $this->has($class)) { $instance = $this->get($class, $params); } else { $dependencies = $this->getClassDependencies($class, $params); if (is_null($dependencies) || empty($dependencies)) { $instance = $this->getReflectionClass($class)->newInstanceWithoutConstructor(); } else { $instance = $this->getReflectionClass($class)->newInstanceArgs($dependencies); } } } if ($shared || (isset($this->shared[$id]) && $this->shared[$id])) { $this->instance[$id] = $instance; } return $instance; } /** * @param callback $function * @param array $parameters * @return mixed * @throws InvalidArgumentException 傳入錯誤的參數 * @throws InstantiateException */ public function call($function, $parameters=[], $shared=false) { //參考 http://php.net/manual/zh/function.call-user-func-array.php#121292 實現解析$function $class = null; $method = null; $object = null; // Case1: function() {} if ($function instanceof \Closure) { $method = $function; } elseif (is_array($function) && count($function)==2) { // Case2: [$object, $methodName] if (is_object($function[0])) { $object = $function[0]; $class = get_class($object); } elseif (is_string($function[0])) { // Case3: [$className, $staticMethodName] $class = $function[0]; } if (is_string($function[1])) { $method = $function[1]; } } elseif (is_string($function) && strpos($function, '::') !== false) { // Case4: "class::staticMethod" list($class, $method) = explode('::', $function); } elseif (is_scalar($function)) { // Case5: "functionName" $method = $function; } else { throw new InvalidArgumentException("Case not allowed! Invalid Data supplied!"); } try { if (!is_null($class) && !is_null($method)) { $reflectionFunc = $this->getReflectionMethod($class, $method); } elseif (!is_null($method)) { $reflectionFunc = $this->getReflectionFunction($method); } else { throw new InvalidArgumentException("class:$class method:$method"); } } catch (\ReflectionException $e) { // var_dump($e->getTraceAsString()); throw new InvalidArgumentException("class:$class method:$method", 0, $e); } $parameters = $this->getFuncDependencies($reflectionFunc, $parameters); if ($reflectionFunc instanceof \ReflectionFunction) { return $reflectionFunc->invokeArgs($parameters); } elseif ($reflectionFunc->isStatic()) { return $reflectionFunc->invokeArgs(null, $parameters); } elseif (!empty($object)) { return $reflectionFunc->invokeArgs($object, $parameters); } elseif (!is_null($class) && $this->has($class)) { $object = $this->get($class, [], $shared); return $reflectionFunc->invokeArgs($object, $parameters); } throw new InvalidArgumentException("class:$class method:$method, unable to invoke."); } /** * @param $class * @param array $parameters * @throws \ReflectionException */ protected function getClassDependencies($class, $parameters=[]) { // 獲取類的反射類 $reflectionClass = $this->getReflectionClass($class); if (!$reflectionClass->isInstantiable()) { throw new InstantiateException($class); } // 獲取構造函數反射類 $reflectionMethod = $reflectionClass->getConstructor(); if (is_null($reflectionMethod)) { return null; } return $this->getFuncDependencies($reflectionMethod, $parameters, $class); } protected function getFuncDependencies(\ReflectionFunctionAbstract $reflectionFunc, $parameters=[], $class="") { $params = []; // 獲取構造函數參數的反射類 $reflectionParameterArr = $reflectionFunc->getParameters(); foreach ($reflectionParameterArr as $reflectionParameter) { $paramName = $reflectionParameter->getName(); $paramPos = $reflectionParameter->getPosition(); $paramClass = $reflectionParameter->getClass(); $context = ['pos'=>$paramPos, 'name'=>$paramName, 'class'=>$paramClass, 'from_class'=>$class]; // 優先考慮 $parameters if (isset($parameters[$paramName]) || isset($parameters[$paramPos])) { $tmpParam = isset($parameters[$paramName]) ? $parameters[$paramName] : $parameters[$paramPos]; if (gettype($tmpParam) == 'object' && !is_a($tmpParam, $paramClass->getName())) { throw new InstantiateException($class."::".$reflectionFunc->getName(), $parameters + ['__context'=>$context, 'tmpParam'=>get_class($tmpParam)]); } $params[] = $tmpParam; // $params[] = isset($parameters[$paramName]) ? $parameters[$paramName] : $parameters[$pos]; } elseif (empty($paramClass)) { // 若參數不是class類型 // 優先使用默認值, 只能用於判斷用戶定義的函數/方法, 對系統定義的函數/方法無效, 也一樣沒法獲取默認值 if ($reflectionParameter->isDefaultValueAvailable()) { $params[] = $reflectionParameter->getDefaultValue(); } elseif ($reflectionFunc->isUserDefined()) { throw new InstantiateException("UserDefined. ".$class."::".$reflectionFunc->getName()); } elseif ($reflectionParameter->isOptional()) { break; } else { throw new InstantiateException("SystemDefined. ".$class."::".$reflectionFunc->getName()); } } else { // 參數是類類型, 優先考慮解析 if ($this->has($paramClass->getName())) { $params[] = $this->get($paramClass->getName()); } elseif ($reflectionParameter->allowsNull()) { $params[] = null; } else { throw new InstantiateException($class."::".$reflectionFunc->getName()." {$paramClass->getName()} "); } } } return $params; } protected function getReflectionClass($class, $ignoreException=false) { static $cache = []; if (array_key_exists($class, $cache)) { return $cache[$class]; } try { $reflectionClass = new \ReflectionClass($class); } catch (\Exception $e) { if (!$ignoreException) { throw new InstantiateException($class, 0, $e); } $reflectionClass = null; } return $cache[$class] = $reflectionClass; } protected function getReflectionMethod($class, $name) { static $cache = []; if (is_object($class)) { $class = get_class($class); } if (array_key_exists($class, $cache) && array_key_exists($name, $cache[$class])) { return $cache[$class][$name]; } $reflectionFunc = new \ReflectionMethod($class, $name); return $cache[$class][$name] = $reflectionFunc; } protected function getReflectionFunction($name) { static $closureCache; static $cache = []; $isClosure = is_object($name) && $name instanceof \Closure; $isString = is_string($name); if (!$isString && !$isClosure) { throw new InvalidArgumentException("$name can't get reflection func."); } if ($isString && array_key_exists($name, $cache)) { return $cache[$name]; } if ($isClosure) { if (is_null($closureCache)) { $closureCache = new \SplObjectStorage(); } if ($closureCache->contains($name)) { return $closureCache[$name]; } } $reflectionFunc = new \ReflectionFunction($name); if ($isString) { $cache[$name] = $reflectionFunc; } if ($isClosure) { $closureCache->attach($name, $reflectionFunc); } return $reflectionFunc; } /** * Returns true if the container can return an entry for the given identifier. * Returns false otherwise. * * `has($id)` returning true does not mean that `get($id)` will not throw an exception. * It does however mean that `get($id)` will not throw a `NotFoundExceptionInterface`. * * @param string $id Identifier of the entry to look for. * * @return bool */ public function has($id) { $has = array_key_exists($id, $this->binding) || array_key_exists($id, $this->raw) || array_key_exists($id, $this->instance); if (!$has) { $reflectionClass = $this->getReflectionClass($id, true); if (!empty($reflectionClass)) { $has = true; } } return $has; } public function needResolve($id) { return !(array_key_exists($id, $this->raw) && (array_key_exists($id, $this->instance) && $this->shared[$id])); } public function keys() { return array_unique(array_merge(array_keys($this->raw), array_keys($this->binding), array_keys($this->instance))); } public function instanceKeys() { return array_unique(array_keys($this->instance)); } public function unset($id) { unset($this->shared[$id], $this->binding[$id], $this->raw[$id], $this->instance[$id], $this->params[$id]); } public function singleton($id, $value, $params=[]) { $this->set($id, $value, $params, true); } /** * 想好定義數組, 和定義普通項 * @param $id * @param $value * @param bool $shared */ public function set($id, $value, $params=[], $shared=false) { if (is_object($value) && !($value instanceof \Closure)) { $this->raw($id, $value); return; } elseif ($value instanceof \Closure) { // no content } elseif (is_array($value)) { $value = [ 'class' => $id, 'params' => [], 'shared' => $shared ] + $value; if (!isset($value['class'])) { $value['class'] = $id; } $params = $value['params'] + $params; $shared = $value['shared']; $value = $value['class']; } elseif (is_string($value)) { // no content } $this->binding[$id] = $value; $this->shared[$id] = $shared; $this->params[$id] = $params; } public function raw($id, $value) { $this->unset($id); $this->raw[$id] = $value; } public function batchRaw(array $data) { foreach ($data as $key=>$value) { $this->raw($key, $value); } } public function batchSet(array $data, $shared=false) { foreach ($data as $key=>$value) { $this->set($key, $value, $shared); } } }
容器提供方法:ide
raw(string $id, mixed $value)
適用於保存參數, $value
能夠是任何類型, 容器不會對其進行解析.函數
set(string $id, \Closure|array|string $value, array $params=[], bool $shared=false)
定義服務ui
singleton(string $id, \Closure|array|string $value, array $params=[])
等同調用set($id, $value, $params, true)
this
has(string $id)
判斷容器是否包含$id對應條目
get(string $id, array $params = [])
從容器中獲取$id對應條目, 可選參數$params可優先參與到條目實例化過程當中的依賴注入
call(callable $function, array $params=[])
利用容器來調用callable, 由容器自動注入依賴.
unset(string $id)
從容器中移除$id對應條目
EasyDI(本容器)實現了 Psr\Container\ContainerInterface
接口, 提供 has($id)
和 get($id, $params=[])
兩個方法用於判斷及獲取條目.
對於沒法解析的條目識別符, 則會拋出異常(實現了 NotFoundExceptionInterface
接口).
容器可用於保存 不被解析的條目, 及自動解析的條目.
get(...)
時會被容器自動解析, 如果 閉包 則會自動調用, 如果 類名 則會實例化, 如果 別名 則會解析其對應的條目.EasyDI 在調用 閉包 及 實例化 類 已經 調用函數/方法(call()
) 時可以自動注入所需的依賴, 其中實現的原理是使用了PHP自帶的反射API.
此處主要用到的反射API以下:
解析的通常步驟:
$reflectionClass = new ReflectionClass($className)
$reflectionClass->isInstantiable()
若能實例化, 則獲取對應的構造函數的反射方法類 $reflectionMethod = $reflectionClass->getConstructor()
3.1. 若返回null, 則表示無構造函數可直接跳到*步驟6* 3.2 若返回ReflectionMethod實例, 則開始解析其參數
$reflectionParameters = $reflectionMethod->getParameters
逐個解析依賴參數 $reflectionParameter
5.1 獲取參數對應名及位置 `$reflectionParameter->getName()`, `$reflectionParameter->getClass()` 5.2 獲取參數對應類型 `$paramClass = $reflectionParameter->getClass()` 5.2.1 若本次解析手動注入了依賴參數, 則根據參數位置及參數名直接使用傳入的依賴參數 Eg. `$container->get($xx, [1=>123, 'e'=>new \Exception()])` 5.2.2 若參數是標量類型, 若參數有默認值(`$reflectionParameter->isDefaultValueAvailable()`)則使用默認值, 不然拋出異常(沒法處理該依賴) 5.2.3 若參數是 *class* 類型, 若容器可解析該類型, 則由容器自動實例化 `$this->get($paramClass->getName())`, 若沒法解析但該參數容許null, 則傳入null值, 不然拋出異常(沒法處理來依賴)
$reflectionClass->newInstanceWithoutConstructor()
, 不然調用 $reflectionClass->newInstanceArgs($dependencies); //$dependencies爲步驟5中構造的依賴參數數組
具體完整代碼請參照容器類的
getClassDependencies(...)
方法.
使用 call(...)
來調用 可調用 時, 自動解決依賴一樣相似上述過程, 只是須要區分是 類函數, 類靜態方法 仍是 普通方法, 並相應的使用不一樣的反射類來解析,
具體完整代碼請參照容器類的
call(...)
方法
class UserManager { private $mailer; public function __construct(Mailer $mailer) { $this->mailer = $mailer; } public function register($email, $password) { // The user just registered, we create his account // ... // We send him an email to say hello! $this->mailer->mail($email, 'Hello and welcome!'); } public function quickSend(Mailer $mailer, $email, $password) { $mailer->mail($email, 'Hello and welcome!'); } } function testFunc(UserManager $manager) { return "test"; } // 實例化容器 $c = new EasyDI\Container(); // 輸出: 'test' echo $c->call('testFunc')."\n"; // 輸出: 'test' echo $c->call(function (UserManager $tmp) { return 'test'; }); // 自動實例化UserManager對象 [$className, $methodName] $c->call([UserManager::class, 'register'], ['password'=>123, 'email'=>'1@1.1']); // 自動實例化UserManager對象 $methodFullName $c->call(UserManager::class.'::'.'register', ['password'=>123, 'email'=>'1@1.1']); // 調用類的靜態方法 [$className, $staticMethodName] $c->call([UserManager::class, 'quickSend'], ['password'=>123, 'email'=>'1@1.1']); // 使用字符串調用類的靜態方法 $staticMethodFullName $c->call(UserManager::class.'::'.'quickSend', ['password'=>123, 'email'=>'1@1.1']); // [$obj, $methodName] $c->call([new UserManager(new Mailer()), 'register'], ['password'=>123, 'email'=>'1@1.1']); // [$obj, $staticMethodName] $c->call([new UserManager(new Mailer()), 'quickSend'], ['password'=>123, 'email'=>'1@1.1']);
暫時寫到此處.
後續項目最新代碼直接在 GitHub 上維護, 該博文後續視評論需求來決定是否補充.