編程人員常常誤用各個集合類提供的拷貝構造函數做爲克隆List
,Set
,ArrayList
,HashSet
或者其餘集合實現的方法。須要記住的是,Java集合的拷貝構造函數只提供淺拷貝而不是深拷貝,這意味着存儲在原始List和克隆List中的對象是相同的,指向Java堆內存中相同的位置。增長了這個誤解的緣由之一是對於不可變對象集合的淺克隆。因爲不可變性,即便兩個集合指向相同的對象是能夠的。字符串池包含的字符串就是這種狀況,更改一個不會影響到另外一個。使用ArrayList
的拷貝構造函數建立僱員List的拷貝時就會出現問題,Employee
類不是不可變的。在這種狀況下,若是原始集合修改了僱員信息,這個變化也將反映到克隆集合。一樣若是克隆集合僱員信息發生變化,原始集合也會被更改。絕大多數狀況下,這種變化不是咱們所但願的,克隆對象應該與原始對象獨立。解決這個問題的方法是深克隆集合,深克隆將遞歸克隆對象直到基本數據類型或者不可變類。本文將瞭解一下深拷貝ArrayList
或者HashSet
等集合類的一種方法。若是你瞭解深拷貝與淺拷貝之間的區別,那麼理解集合深克隆的方法就會很簡單。html
下面例子有一個Employee
集合,Employee是可變對象,成員變量name
和designation
。它們存儲在HashSet
中。使用java.util.Collection
接口的addAll()
方法建立集合拷貝。而後修改存儲在原始集合每一個Employee
對象的designation
值。理想狀況下這個改變不會影響克隆集合,由於克隆集合和原始集合應該相互獨立,可是克隆集合也被改變了。修正這個問題的方法是對存儲在Collection
類中的元素深克隆。java
package javaBasic; import java.util.Collection; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Iterator; /** * Java program to demonstrate copy constructor of Collection provides shallow * copy and techniques to deep clone Collection by iterating over them. * * @author http://javarevisited.blogspot.com */ public class CollectionCloningTest { public static void main(String args[]) { // deep cloning Collection in Java Collection<Employee> org = new HashSet<Employee>(); org.add(new Employee("Joe", "Manager")); org.add(new Employee("Tim", "Developer")); org.add(new Employee("Frank", "Developer")); // creating copy of Collection using copy constructor Collection<Employee> copy = new HashSet<Employee>(org); System.out.println("Original Collection {} " + org); System.out.println("Copy of Collection {} " + copy); Iterator<Employee> itr = org.iterator(); while (itr.hasNext()) { itr.next().setDesignation("staff"); } System.out.println("Original Collection after modification {} " + org); System.out .println("Copy of Collection without modification {} " + copy); // deep Cloning List in Java } } class Employee { private String name; private String designation; public Employee(String name, String designation) { this.name = name; this.designation = designation; } public String getDesignation() { return designation; } public void setDesignation(String designation) { this.designation = designation; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } @Override public String toString() { return String.format("%s: %s", name, designation); } }
輸出:編程
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- Original Collection [Joe: Manager, Frank: Developer, Tim: Developer]
- Copy of Collection [Joe: Manager, Frank: Developer, Tim: Developer]
- Original Collection after modification [Joe: staff, Frank: staff, Tim: staff]
- Copy of Collection without modification [Joe: staff, Frank: staff, Tim: staff]
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能夠看到改變原始Collection
中Employee
對象(改變designation爲」staff
「)在克隆集合中也有所反映,由於克隆是淺拷貝,指向堆中相同的Employee
對象。爲了修正這個問題,須要遍歷集合,深克隆Employee
對象,在這以前,要重寫Employee
對象的clone方法。app
1)Employee
實現Cloneable
接口
2)爲Employee
類增長下面的clone()
方法ide
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@Override
protected
Employee clone() {
Employee clone =
null
;
try
{
clone = (Employee)
super
.clone();
}
catch
(CloneNotSupportedException e){
throw
new
RuntimeException(e);
// won't happen
}
return
clone;
}
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3)不使用拷貝構造函數,使用下面的代碼來深拷貝集合函數
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Collection<Employee> copy =
new
HashSet<Employee>(org.size());
Iterator<Employee> iterator = org.iterator();
while
(iterator.hasNext()){
copy.add(iterator.next().clone());
}
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Codethis
package javaBasic; import java.util.Collection; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Iterator; /** * Java program to demonstrate copy constructor of Collection provides shallow * copy and techniques to deep clone Collection by iterating over them. * * @author http://javarevisited.blogspot.com */ public class CollectionCloningTest { public static void main(String args[]) { // deep cloning Collection in Java Collection<Employee> org = new HashSet<Employee>(); org.add(new Employee("Joe", "Manager")); org.add(new Employee("Tim", "Developer")); org.add(new Employee("Frank", "Developer")); // creating copy of Collection using copy constructor // Collection<Employee> copy = new HashSet<Employee>(org); /** * 不使用拷貝構造函數,使用下面的代碼來深拷貝集合 */ Collection<Employee> copy = new HashSet<Employee>(org.size()); Iterator<Employee> iterator = org.iterator(); while (iterator.hasNext()) { copy.add(iterator.next().clone()); } System.out.println("Original Collection {} " + org); System.out.println("Copy of Collection {} " + copy); Iterator<Employee> itr = org.iterator(); while (itr.hasNext()) { itr.next().setDesignation("staff"); } System.out.println("Original Collection after modification {} " + org); System.out .println("Copy of Collection without modification {} " + copy); // deep Cloning List in Java } } class Employee implements Cloneable { private String name; private String designation; public Employee(String name, String designation) { this.name = name; this.designation = designation; } public String getDesignation() { return designation; } public void setDesignation(String designation) { this.designation = designation; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } @Override public String toString() { return String.format("%s: %s", name, designation); } @Override protected Employee clone() { Employee clone = null; try { clone = (Employee) super.clone(); } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); // won't happen } return clone; } }
4)運行相同的代碼更改原始集合,克隆集合不會也被更改。spa
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- Original Collection after modification [Joe: staff, Tim: staff, Frank: staff]
- Copy of Collection without modification [Frank: Developer, Joe: Manager, Tim: Developer]
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能夠看到克隆集合和原始集合相互獨立,它們指向不一樣的對象。code
這就是Java中如何克隆集合的內容。如今咱們知道拷貝構造函數或者List
或Set
等各類集合類的addAll()
方法僅僅建立了集合的淺拷貝,並且原始集合和克隆集合指向相同的對象。爲避免這個問題,應該深克隆集合,遍歷集合克隆每一個元素。儘管這要求集合中的對象必須支持深克隆操做。orm