SpringBoot實戰電商項目mall(20k+star)地址:github.com/macrozheng/…java
Spring Cloud OpenFeign 是聲明式的服務調用工具,它整合了Ribbon和Hystrix,擁有負載均衡和服務容錯功能,本文將對其用法進行詳細介紹。git
Feign是聲明式的服務調用工具,咱們只需建立一個接口並用註解的方式來配置它,就能夠實現對某個服務接口的調用,簡化了直接使用RestTemplate來調用服務接口的開發量。Feign具有可插拔的註解支持,同時支持Feign註解、JAX-RS註解及SpringMvc註解。當使用Feign時,Spring Cloud集成了Ribbon和Eureka以提供負載均衡的服務調用及基於Hystrix的服務容錯保護功能。github
這裏咱們建立一個feign-service模塊來演示feign的經常使用功能。web
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
複製代碼
server:
port: 8701
spring:
application:
name: feign-service
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: true
fetch-registry: true
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8001/eureka/
複製代碼
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class FeignServiceApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(FeignServiceApplication.class, args);
}
}
複製代碼
咱們經過@FeignClient註解實現了一個Feign客戶端,其中的value爲user-service表示這是對user-service服務的接口調用客戶端。咱們能夠回想下user-service中的UserController,只需將其改成接口,保留原來的SpringMvc註釋便可。spring
/** * Created by macro on 2019/9/5. */
@FeignClient(value = "user-service")
public interface UserService {
@PostMapping("/user/create")
CommonResult create(@RequestBody User user);
@GetMapping("/user/{id}")
CommonResult<User> getUser(@PathVariable Long id);
@GetMapping("/user/getByUsername")
CommonResult<User> getByUsername(@RequestParam String username);
@PostMapping("/user/update")
CommonResult update(@RequestBody User user);
@PostMapping("/user/delete/{id}")
CommonResult delete(@PathVariable Long id);
}
複製代碼
/** * Created by macro on 2019/8/29. */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserFeignController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@GetMapping("/{id}")
public CommonResult getUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
return userService.getUser(id);
}
@GetMapping("/getByUsername")
public CommonResult getByUsername(@RequestParam String username) {
return userService.getByUsername(username);
}
@PostMapping("/create")
public CommonResult create(@RequestBody User user) {
return userService.create(user);
}
@PostMapping("/update")
public CommonResult update(@RequestBody User user) {
return userService.update(user);
}
@PostMapping("/delete/{id}")
public CommonResult delete(@PathVariable Long id) {
return userService.delete(id);
}
}
複製代碼
2019-10-04 15:15:34.829 INFO 9236 --- [nio-8201-exec-5] c.macro.cloud.controller.UserController : 根據id獲取用戶信息,用戶名稱爲:macro
2019-10-04 15:15:35.492 INFO 9236 --- [io-8201-exec-10] c.macro.cloud.controller.UserController : 根據id獲取用戶信息,用戶名稱爲:macro
2019-10-04 15:15:35.825 INFO 9236 --- [nio-8201-exec-9] c.macro.cloud.controller.UserController : 根據id獲取用戶信息,用戶名稱爲:macro
複製代碼
Feign中的服務降級使用起來很是方便,只須要爲Feign客戶端定義的接口添加一個服務降級處理的實現類便可,下面咱們爲UserService接口添加一個服務降級實現類。json
須要注意的是它實現了UserService接口,而且對接口中的每一個實現方法進行了服務降級邏輯的實現。bash
/** * Created by macro on 2019/9/5. */
@Component
public class UserFallbackService implements UserService {
@Override
public CommonResult create(User user) {
User defaultUser = new User(-1L, "defaultUser", "123456");
return new CommonResult<>(defaultUser);
}
@Override
public CommonResult<User> getUser(Long id) {
User defaultUser = new User(-1L, "defaultUser", "123456");
return new CommonResult<>(defaultUser);
}
@Override
public CommonResult<User> getByUsername(String username) {
User defaultUser = new User(-1L, "defaultUser", "123456");
return new CommonResult<>(defaultUser);
}
@Override
public CommonResult update(User user) {
return new CommonResult("調用失敗,服務被降級",500);
}
@Override
public CommonResult delete(Long id) {
return new CommonResult("調用失敗,服務被降級",500);
}
}
複製代碼
修改@FeignClient註解中的參數,設置fallback爲UserFallbackService.class便可。app
@FeignClient(value = "user-service",fallback = UserFallbackService.class)
public interface UserService {
}
複製代碼
feign:
hystrix:
enabled: true #在Feign中開啓Hystrix
複製代碼
關閉兩個user-service服務,從新啓動feign-service;負載均衡
調用http://localhost:8701/user/1進行測試,能夠發現返回了服務降級信息。ide
Feign提供了日誌打印功能,咱們能夠經過配置來調整日誌級別,從而瞭解Feign中Http請求的細節。
咱們經過java配置來使Feign打印最詳細的Http請求日誌信息。
/** * Created by macro on 2019/9/5. */
@Configuration
public class FeignConfig {
@Bean
Logger.Level feignLoggerLevel() {
return Logger.Level.FULL;
}
}
複製代碼
配置UserService的日誌級別爲debug。
logging:
level:
com.macro.cloud.service.UserService: debug
複製代碼
調用http://localhost:8701/user/1進行測試,能夠看到如下日誌。
2019-10-04 15:44:03.248 DEBUG 5204 --- [-user-service-2] com.macro.cloud.service.UserService : [UserService#getUser] ---> GET http://user-service/user/1 HTTP/1.1
2019-10-04 15:44:03.248 DEBUG 5204 --- [-user-service-2] com.macro.cloud.service.UserService : [UserService#getUser] ---> END HTTP (0-byte body)
2019-10-04 15:44:03.257 DEBUG 5204 --- [-user-service-2] com.macro.cloud.service.UserService : [UserService#getUser] <--- HTTP/1.1 200 (9ms)
2019-10-04 15:44:03.257 DEBUG 5204 --- [-user-service-2] com.macro.cloud.service.UserService : [UserService#getUser] content-type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
2019-10-04 15:44:03.258 DEBUG 5204 --- [-user-service-2] com.macro.cloud.service.UserService : [UserService#getUser] date: Fri, 04 Oct 2019 07:44:03 GMT
2019-10-04 15:44:03.258 DEBUG 5204 --- [-user-service-2] com.macro.cloud.service.UserService : [UserService#getUser] transfer-encoding: chunked
2019-10-04 15:44:03.258 DEBUG 5204 --- [-user-service-2] com.macro.cloud.service.UserService : [UserService#getUser]
2019-10-04 15:44:03.258 DEBUG 5204 --- [-user-service-2] com.macro.cloud.service.UserService : [UserService#getUser] {"data":{"id":1,"username":"macro","password":"123456"},"message":"操做成功","code":200}
2019-10-04 15:44:03.258 DEBUG 5204 --- [-user-service-2] com.macro.cloud.service.UserService : [UserService#getUser] <--- END HTTP (92-byte body)
複製代碼
feign:
hystrix:
enabled: true #在Feign中開啓Hystrix
compression:
request:
enabled: false #是否對請求進行GZIP壓縮
mime-types: text/xml,application/xml,application/json #指定壓縮的請求數據類型
min-request-size: 2048 #超過該大小的請求會被壓縮
response:
enabled: false #是否對響應進行GZIP壓縮
logging:
level: #修改日誌級別
com.macro.cloud.service.UserService: debug
複製代碼
在Feign中配置Ribbon能夠直接使用Ribbon的配置,具體能夠參考Spring Cloud Ribbon:負載均衡的服務調用。
在Feign中配置Hystrix能夠直接使用Hystrix的配置,具體能夠參考Spring Cloud Hystrix:服務容錯保護。
springcloud-learning
├── eureka-server -- eureka註冊中心
├── user-service -- 提供User對象CRUD接口的服務
└── feign-service -- feign服務調用測試服務
複製代碼
mall項目全套學習教程連載中,關注公衆號第一時間獲取。