1 public interface Runnable { 2 public abstract void run(); 3 }
二、Thread類與Runnable接口的繼承關係 app
1 public class Thread implements Runnable{ 2 3 }
Runnable接口僅有一個run()方法,Thread類實現了Runnable接口,因此,Thread類也實現了Runnable接口。 less
三、構造函數 函數
1 public Thread() { 2 init(null, null, "Thread-" + nextThreadNum(), 0); 3 }
1 public Thread(Runnable target) { 2 init(null, target, "Thread-" + nextThreadNum(), 0); 3 }
1 public Thread(ThreadGroup group, Runnable target) { 2 init(group, target, "Thread-" + nextThreadNum(), 0); 3 }
1 public Thread(String name) { 2 init(null, null, name, 0); 3 } 還有其它的構造方法,此處省略。。。
這裏的第三個參數是設置線程的名稱,從下面的代碼中能夠看出,生成名稱的規則是:」Thread-」加上建立的線程的個數(第幾個)。 ui
繼續查看init方法: this
1 /** 2 * Initializes a Thread. 3 * 4 * @param g the Thread group 5 * @param target the object whose run() method gets called 6 * @param name the name of the new Thread 7 * @param stackSize the desired stack size for the new thread, or 8 * zero to indicate that this parameter is to be ignored. 9 */ //ThreadGroup:線程組表示一個線程的集合。此外,線程組也能夠包含其餘線程組。線程組構成一棵樹,在樹中,除了初始線程組外,每一個線程組都有一個父線程組。 10 private void init(ThreadGroup g, Runnable target, String name, 11 long stackSize) { 12 Thread parent = currentThread(); 13 SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager(); 14 if (g == null) { 15 /* Determine if it's an applet or not */ 16 17 /* If there is a security manager, ask the security manager 18 what to do. */ 19 if (security != null) { 20 g = security.getThreadGroup(); 21 } 22 23 /* If the security doesn't have a strong opinion of the matter 24 use the parent thread group. */ 25 if (g == null) { 26 g = parent.getThreadGroup(); 27 } 28 } 29 30 /* checkAccess regardless of whether or not threadgroup is 31 explicitly passed in. */ 32 g.checkAccess(); 33 34 /* 35 * Do we have the required permissions? 36 */ 37 if (security != null) { 38 if (isCCLOverridden(getClass())) { 39 security.checkPermission(SUBCLASS_IMPLEMENTATION_PERMISSION); 40 } 41 } 42 43 44 g.addUnstarted(); 45 46 this.group = g;
//每一個線程都有一個優先級,高優先級線程的執行優先於低優先級線程。每一個線程均可以或不能夠標記爲一個守護程序。當某個線程中運行的代碼建立一個新Thread對象時,該新線程的初始優先級被設定爲建立線程的優先級,而且當且僅當建立線程是守護線程時,新線程纔是守護程序。 spa
47 this.daemon = parent.isDaemon(); 48 this.priority = parent.getPriority(); 49 this.name = name.toCharArray(); 50 if (security == null || isCCLOverridden(parent.getClass())) 51 this.contextClassLoader = parent.getContextClassLoader(); 52 else 53 this.contextClassLoader = parent.contextClassLoader; 54 this.inheritedAccessControlContext = AccessController.getContext(); 55 this.target = target; 56 setPriority(priority); 57 if (parent.inheritableThreadLocals != null) 58 this.inheritableThreadLocals = 59 ThreadLocal.createInheritedMap(parent.inheritableThreadLocals); 60 /* Stash the specified stack size in case the VM cares */ 61 this.stackSize = stackSize; 62 63 /* Set thread ID */ 64 tid = nextThreadID(); 65 }
初始化時設置了是否爲守護線程,優先級,初始化名稱。 線程
四、Thread的start方法的實現: code
1 public synchronized void start() { 2 /** 3 * This method is not invoked for the main method thread or "system" 4 * group threads created/set up by the VM. Any new functionality added 5 * to this method in the future may have to also be added to the VM. 6 * 7 * A zero status value corresponds to state "NEW". 8 */ 9 if (threadStatus != 0) 10 throw new IllegalThreadStateException(); 11 group.add(this); 12 start0(); 13 if (stopBeforeStart) { 14 stop0(throwableFromStop); 15 } 16 }
這裏主要的是start0方法;查看其實現: 對象
1 private native void start0();
這裏使用了本地調用,經過C代碼初始化線程須要的系統資源。可見,線程底層的實現是經過C代碼去完成的。 繼承
四、Thread的run方法的實現
1 public void run() { 2 if (target != null) { 3 target.run(); 4 } 5 }
這裏的target實際上要保存的是一個Runnable接口的實現的引用:
1 private Runnable target;
因此使用繼承Thread建立線程類時,須要重寫run方法,由於默認的run方法什麼也不幹。
而當咱們使用Runnable接口實現線程類時,爲了啓動線程,須要先把該線程類實例初始化一個Thread,實際上就執行了以下構造函數:
1 public Thread(Runnable target) { 2 init(null, target, "Thread-" + nextThreadNum(), 0); 3 }
便是把線程類的引用保存到target中。這樣,當調用Thread的run方法時,target就不爲空了,而是繼續調用了target的run方法,因此咱們須要實現Runnable的run方法。這樣經過Thread的run方法就調用到了Runnable實現類中的run方法。
這也是Runnable接口實現的線程類須要這樣啓動的緣由。