滾動更新是一次只更新一小部分副本,成功後,再更新更多的副本,最終完成全部副本的更新。滾動更新的最大的好處是零停機,整個更新過程始終有副本在運行,從而保證了業務的連續性。api
下面咱們部署三副本應用,初始鏡像爲 httpd:2.2.31,而後將其更新到 httpd:2.2.32。app
第一步: httpd:2.2.31 的配置文件以下:ide
[root@ken ~]# cat httpd.yml apiVersion: apps/v1beta1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: httpd spec: replicas: 3 template: metadata: labels: run: httpd spec: containers: - name: httpd image: httpd:2.2.31 ports: - containerPort: 80
第二步:部署應用並查看spa
[root@ken ~]# kubectl apply -f httpd.yml deployment.apps/httpd created [root@ken ~]# kubectl get deployment -o wide NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR httpd 0/3 3 0 10s httpd httpd:2.2.31 run=httpd
[root@ken ~]# kubectl get replicaset -o wide
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
httpd-76cfb94bf4 3 3 0 23s httpd httpd:2.2.31 pod-template-hash=76cfb94bf4,run=httpdcode
[root@ken ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES httpd-76cfb94bf4-629s2 1/1 Running 0 113s 10.244.1.34 host1 <none> <none> httpd-76cfb94bf4-lt9wb 1/1 Running 0 113s 10.244.1.33 host1 <none> <none> httpd-76cfb94bf4-n62nj 1/1 Running 0 113s 10.244.2.23 host2 <none> <none>
部署過程以下:orm
建立 Deployment httpdblog
建立 ReplicaSet httpd-76cfb94bf4部署
建立三個 Podget
當前鏡像爲 httpd:2.2.31hash
第三步:將配置文件中 httpd:2.2.31 替換爲 httpd:2.2.32,再次執行 kubectl apply。
[root@ken ~]# kubectl apply -f httpd.yml deployment.apps/httpd configured [root@ken ~]# kubectl get deployment -o wide NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR httpd 3/3 1 3 4m2s httpd httpd:2.2.32 run=httpd [root@ken ~]# kubectl get replicaset -o wide #這一步要稍等幾分鐘纔會切換到32版本 NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR httpd-6cf6bf9f57 3 3 3 2m47s httpd httpd:2.2.32 pod-template-hash=6cf6bf9f57,run=httpd httpd-76cfb94bf4 0 0 0 6m30s httpd httpd:2.2.31 pod-template-hash=76cfb94bf4,run=httpd [root@ken ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES httpd-6cf6bf9f57-5md94 1/1 Running 0 2m58s 10.244.2.24 host2 <none> <none> httpd-6cf6bf9f57-nvxnc 1/1 Running 0 75s 10.244.1.35 host1 <none> <none> httpd-6cf6bf9f57-v7lpg 1/1 Running 0 22s 10.244.1.36 host1 <none> <none>
咱們發現了以下變化:
Deployment httpd 的鏡像更新爲 httpd:2.2.32
新建立了 ReplicaSethttpd-6cf6bf9f57,鏡像爲 httpd:2.2.32,而且管理了三個新的 Pod。
以前的 ReplicaSet httpd-76cfb94bf4裏面已經沒有任何 Pod。
結論是:ReplicaSethttpd-76cfb94bf4的三個 httpd:2.2.31 Pod 已經被 ReplicaSethttpd-6cf6bf9f57的三個 httpd:2.2.32 Pod 替換了。
第四步:具體過程能夠經過 kubectl describe deployment httpd 查看。
[root@ken ~]# kubectl describe deployment httpd ... Events: Type Reason Age From Message ---- ------ ---- ---- ------- Normal ScalingReplicaSet 9m11s deployment-controller Scaled up replica set httpd-76cfb94bf4 to 3 Normal ScalingReplicaSet 5m28s deployment-controller Scaled up replica set httpd-6cf6bf9f57 to 1 Normal ScalingReplicaSet 3m45s deployment-controller Scaled down replica set httpd-76cfb94bf4 to 2 Normal ScalingReplicaSet 3m45s deployment-controller Scaled up replica set httpd-6cf6bf9f57 to 2 Normal ScalingReplicaSet 2m52s deployment-controller Scaled down replica set httpd-76cfb94bf4 to 1 Normal ScalingReplicaSet 2m52s deployment-controller Scaled up replica set httpd-6cf6bf9f57 to 3 Normal ScalingReplicaSet 2m50s deployment-controller Scaled down replica set httpd-76cfb94bf4 to 0
每次只更新替換一個 Pod:
ReplicaSet httpd-6cf6bf9f57 增長一個 Pod,總數爲 1。
ReplicaSet httpd-76cfb94bf4 減小一個 Pod,總數爲 2。
ReplicaSet httpd-6cf6bf9f57 增長一個 Pod,總數爲 2。
ReplicaSet httpd-76cfb94bf4 減小一個 Pod,總數爲 1。
ReplicaSet httpd-6cf6bf9f57 增長一個 Pod,總數爲 3。
ReplicaSet httpd-76cfb94bf4 減小一個 Pod,總數爲 0。
每次替換的 Pod 數量是能夠定製的。Kubernetes 提供了兩個參數 maxSurge 和 maxUnavailable 來精細控制 Pod 的替換數量,咱們將在後面結合 Health Check 特性一塊兒討論。
kubectl apply 每次更新應用時 Kubernetes 都會記錄下當前的配置,保存爲一個 revision(版次),這樣就能夠回滾到某個特定 revision。
默認配置下,Kubernetes 只會保留最近的幾個 revision,能夠在 Deployment 配置文件中經過 revisionHistoryLimit 屬性增長 revision 數量。
第一步:下面實踐回滾功能。
應用有以下三個配置文件 httpd.v1.yml,httpd.v2.yml 和 httpd.v3.yml,分別對應不一樣的 httpd 鏡像 2.4.16,2.4.17 和 2.4.18:
第二步:部署應用並更新
後面一個部署的應用,會覆蓋掉前面的(名稱相同)
[root@ken ~]# kubectl apply -f httpd_v1.yml --record deployment.apps/httpd created [root@ken ~]# kubectl get deployment httpd -o wide NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR httpd 3/3 3 3 18s httpd httpd:2.4.16 run=httpd [root@ken ~]# kubectl apply -f httpd_v2.yml --record deployment.apps/httpd configured [root@ken ~]# kubectl get deployment httpd -o wide NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR httpd 3/3 2 3 75s httpd httpd:2.4.17 run=httpd [root@ken ~]# kubectl apply -f httpd_v3.yml --record deployment.apps/httpd configured [root@ken ~]# kubectl get deployment httpd -o wide NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR httpd 3/3 1 3 94s httpd httpd:2.4.18 run=httpd
--record 的做用是將當前命令記錄到 revision 記錄中,這樣咱們就能夠知道每一個 revison 對應的是哪一個配置文件。
第三步:經過 kubectl rollout history deployment httpd 查看 revison 歷史記錄。
[root@ken ~]# kubectl rollout history deployment httpd deployment.extensions/httpd REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE 1 kubectl apply --filename=httpd_v1.yml --record=true 2 kubectl apply --filename=httpd_v2.yml --record=true 3 kubectl apply --filename=httpd_v3.yml --record=true
CHANGE-CAUSE 就是 --record 的結果。
第四步:若是要回滾到某個版本,好比 revision 1,能夠執行命令 kubectl rollout undo deployment httpd --to-revision=1:
[root@ken ~]# kubectl rollout undo deployment httpd --to-revision=1 deployment.extensions/httpd rolled back [root@ken ~]# kubectl get deployment httpd -o wide NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR httpd 3/3 3 3 5m26s httpd httpd:2.4.16 run=httpd
第五步:此時,revison 歷史記錄也會發生相應變化。
[root@ken ~]# kubectl rollout history deployment httpd deployment.extensions/httpd REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE 2 kubectl apply --filename=httpd_v2.yml --record=true 3 kubectl apply --filename=httpd_v3.yml --record=true 4 kubectl apply --filename=httpd_v1.yml --record=true
revison 1 變成了 revison 4。不過咱們能夠經過 CHANGE-CAUSE 知道每一個 revison 的具體含義。因此必定要在執行 kubectl apply 時加上 --record參數。