MariaDB Galera集羣部署--技術流ken

時間 2019-12-11

標籤 mariadb galera 集羣部署技術 ken 欄目負載均衡简体版

原文原文鏈接

Galera集羣介紹

MariaDB集羣是MariaDB同步多主機集羣。它僅支持XtraDB/ InnoDB存儲引擎。node

主要功能

同步複製
真正的multi-master，即全部節點能夠同時讀寫數據庫
自動的節點成員控制，失效節點自動被清除
新節點加入數據自動複製
真正的並行複製，行級
用戶能夠直接鏈接集羣，使用感覺上與MySQL徹底一致

優點

由於是多主，因此不存在Slavelag(延遲)
不存在丟失事務的狀況
同時具備讀和寫的擴展能力
更小的客戶端延遲
節點間數據是同步的,而Master/Slave模式是異步的,不一樣slave上的binlog多是不一樣的

技術

Galera集羣的複製功能基於Galeralibrary實現,爲了讓MySQL與Galera library通信，特別針對MySQL開發了wsrep API。mysql

Galera插件保證集羣同步數據，保持數據的一致性，靠的就是可認證的複製，工做原理以下圖：sql

當客戶端發出一個commit的指令，在事務被提交以前，全部對數據庫的更改都會被 write-set 收集起來,而且將 write-set 紀錄的內容發送給其餘節點。數據庫

write-set 將在每一個節點進行認證測試，測試結果決定着節點是否應用write-set更改數據。vim

若是認證測試失敗，節點將丟棄 write-set ；若是認證測試成功，則事務提交。centos

安裝環境準備

準備三臺服務器服務器

操做系統版本： centos7app

數據庫版本：5.5.56-MariaDBdom

主節點：192.168.64.4異步

節點1：192.168.64.5

節點2：192.168.64.7

各個節點之間須要解析

[root@ken-node1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.64.4 ken-node1
192.168.64.5 ken-node2
192.168.64.7 ken-node3

配置yum源

[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.3.5/centos74-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0

安裝配置

第一步：在各個節點下載下面的軟件包

[root@ken ~]# yum install -y MariaDB-server MariaDB-client galera -y

第二步: 初始化數據庫

只須要在一個節點執行便可192.168.64.4

[root@ken ~]# systemctl restart mariadb
[root@ken ~]# mysql_secure_installation 

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): 
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password: 
Re-enter new password: 
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!


By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n
 ... skipping.

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] n
 ... skipping.

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!

第三步：關閉數據庫，修改/etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf

在主配置節點配置以下

[root@ken ~]# systemctl stop mariadb
[root@ken ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf 
...
[galera]
wsrep_on=ON
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://192.168.64.4,192.168.64.5,192.168,64.7"  #節點IP地址
wsrep_node_name= ken-node1        #主節點主機名
wsrep_node_address=192.168.64.4   #主節點IP
binlog_format=row
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
wsrep_slave_threads=1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
innodb_buffer_pool_size=120M
wsrep_sst_method=rsync
wsrep_causal_reads=ON

第四步：將此文件複製到mariadb-二、mariadb-3，注意要把 wsrep_node_name 和 wsrep_node_address 改爲相應節點的 hostname 和 ip。

第五步：啓動集羣

主節點192.168.64.4啓動命令以下：

[root@ken-node1 ~]# galera_new_cluster

各個節點監聽的端口

集羣服務監聽了4567和3306端口(每一個節點都監聽了4567和3306端口)

[root@ken-node1 ~]# ss -tnl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q                      Local Address:Port                                     Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128                                     *:22                                                  *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128                                     *:4567                                                *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100                             127.0.0.1:25                                                  *:*                  
LISTEN     0      80                                     :::3306                                               :::*                  
LISTEN     0      128                                    :::80                                                 :::*                  
LISTEN     0      128                                    :::22                                                 :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100                                   ::1:25                                                 :::*

其餘節點啓動命令以下：

[root@ken-node2 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb

驗證集羣

在主節點執行以下操做

鏈接mariadb,查看是否啓用galera插件

顯示ON表示開啓

MariaDB [(none)]> show status like "wsrep_ready";
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| wsrep_ready   | ON    |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.005 sec)

查看目前集羣機器數

機器數爲3個顯示正確

MariaDB [(none)]> show status like "wsrep_cluster_size";
+--------------------+-------+
| Variable_name      | Value |
+--------------------+-------+
| wsrep_cluster_size | 3     |
+--------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.003 sec)

查看集羣狀態

MariaDB [(none)]> show status like "wsrep%";
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name                | Value                                                 |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| wsrep_apply_oooe             | 0.000000                                              |
| wsrep_apply_oool             | 0.000000                                              |
| wsrep_apply_window           | 0.000000                                              |
| wsrep_causal_reads           | 2                                                     |
| wsrep_cert_deps_distance     | 0.000000                                              |
| wsrep_cert_index_size        | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_cert_interval          | 0.000000                                              |
| wsrep_cluster_conf_id        | 14                                                    |
| wsrep_cluster_size           | 3                                                     |
| wsrep_cluster_state_uuid     | 541248ce-56d0-11e9-b41b-3a9775d73ca7                  |
| wsrep_cluster_status         | Primary         #主服務器                                      |
| wsrep_commit_oooe            | 0.000000                                              |
| wsrep_commit_oool            | 0.000000                                              |
| wsrep_commit_window          | 0.000000                                              |
| wsrep_connected              | ON         #當前是否鏈接中                                            |
| wsrep_desync_count           | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_evs_delayed            |                                                       |
| wsrep_evs_evict_list         |                                                       |
| wsrep_evs_repl_latency       | 0/0/0/0/0                                             |
| wsrep_evs_state              | OPERATIONAL                                           |
| wsrep_flow_control_paused    | 0.000000                                              |
| wsrep_flow_control_paused_ns | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_flow_control_recv      | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_flow_control_sent      | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_gcomm_uuid             | 540ee869-56d0-11e9-955e-9b7f30e437a6                  |
| wsrep_incoming_addresses     | 192.168.64.5:3306,192.168.64.4:3306,192.168.64.7:3306 | #鏈接中的數據庫
| wsrep_last_committed         | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_local_bf_aborts        | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_local_cached_downto    | 18446744073709551615                                  |
| wsrep_local_cert_failures    | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_local_commits          | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_local_index            | 1                                                     |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue       | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_avg   | 0.100000                                              |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_max   | 2                                                     |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_min   | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_local_replays          | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_local_send_queue       | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_local_send_queue_avg   | 0.000000                                              |
| wsrep_local_send_queue_max   | 1                                                     |
| wsrep_local_send_queue_min   | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_local_state            | 4                                                     |
| wsrep_local_state_comment    | Synced                                                |
| wsrep_local_state_uuid       | 541248ce-56d0-11e9-b41b-3a9775d73ca7                  |
| wsrep_protocol_version       | 8                                                     |
| wsrep_provider_name          | Galera                                                |
| wsrep_provider_vendor        | Codership Oy <info@codership.com>                     |
| wsrep_provider_version       | 25.3.23(r3789)                                        |
| wsrep_ready                  | ON                                                    |
| wsrep_received               | 20                                                    |
| wsrep_received_bytes         | 3651                                                  |
| wsrep_repl_data_bytes        | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_repl_keys              | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_repl_keys_bytes        | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_repl_other_bytes       | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_replicated             | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_replicated_bytes       | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_thread_count           | 2                                                     |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
58 rows in set (0.002 sec)

查看鏈接的主機

MariaDB [(none)]> show status like "wsrep_incoming_addresses";
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                                                 |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| wsrep_incoming_addresses | 192.168.64.5:3306,192.168.64.4:3306,192.168.64.7:3306 |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.001 sec)

測試集羣是否同步

在各個節點建立數據庫，能夠發現每一個節點均可以同步

我在192.168.64.4建立ken數據庫

[root@ken-node1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 12
Server version: 10.3.5-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.


MariaDB [(none)]> create database ken;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.041 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| ken                |
| ken1               |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.001 sec)

在192.168.64.5節點上查看數據庫

[root@ken-node2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 11
Server version: 10.3.5-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| ken                |   #ken數據庫已經同步過來
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.002 sec)

192.168.64.7節點上查看數據庫

[root@ken-node3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 10
Server version: 10.3.5-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| ken                | #ken數據庫已經同步            |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.002 sec)

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